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Topic: Mars Exploration Rover

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	Mars Rover - MSN Encarta
		The rovers were designed, built, and tested from 2000 to 2003 by a large team led by the California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
		Each rover is outfitted with a suite of sophisticated scientific instruments that enable scientists to study in detail the geology and composition of materials at each landing site.
		During the rover night, new commands and sequences are tested, developed, and converted by the team into the stream of radio signals that are sent to the rover after it wakes up the next sol.
	encarta.msn.com /content_701703555/Mars_Exploration_Rover_Mission.html (2090 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Destination Mars \| The Mars Exploration Rover spacecraft
		Since the rover's solar arrays are tucked away inside the aeroshell for the trip, the cruise stage needs its own for electrical energy.
		Each Mars Exploration Rover is expected to travel six to 10 times that distance during its three-month prime mission.
		On each Mars Exploration Rover, the core structure is made of composite honeycomb material insulated with a high-tech material called aerogel.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /mars/mera/031231mer.html (2316 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission
		The Mars Exploration Rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet.
		A goal for the rover is to drive up to 40 meters (about 44 yards) in a single day, for a total of up to one 1 kilometer (about three-quarters of a mile).
		Each rover is sort of the mechanical equivalent of a geologist walking the surface of Mars.
	www.amnh.org /rose/mars/rovers.html (547 words)

	CNN.com
		NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers will be intelligent enough to drive long distances without any help from Earth and will know how to pick their way through a martian landscape full of obstacles.
		The MER mission took advantage of a rare close alignment of Earth and Mars in 2003.
		Mars is very cold, very dusty, and has a thin atmosphere that is saturated with carbon dioxide gas.
	www.cnn.com /interactive/space/0306/fullpage.mars.rover (408 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Spirit en Opportunity
		The main task for both Mars Exploration Rovers in coming weeks and months is to read clues in the rocks and soil to learn about past environmental conditions at their landing sites, particularly about whether the areas were ever watery and possibly suitable for sustaining life.
		Mars heeft wellicht leven gedragen en het kan in ieder geval leven dragen van ons mensen.
		After the rover drives off its lander platform, infrared measurements it takes as it explores the area may allow scientists to judge whether the water indicated by the nearby carbonates was in the air or in a suspected ancient lake.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/mer.html (17621 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The process of the rover moving off of the lander is called the egress phase of the mission.
		The rover is designed to remain motionless while the digging wheel is spinning.
		In addition, four monochromatic hazard cameras (Hazcams) are mounted on the rover's body (two in front and two to the rear).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover (5457 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft
		The "Spirit" rover (Mars Exploration Rover A) is one of the two rovers launched to Mars in mid-2003.
		The scientific goals of the rover missions are to gather data to help determine if life ever arose on Mars, characterize the climate of Mars, characterize the geology of Mars, and prepare for human exploration of Mars.
		The rover has a top speed of 5 cm per second, but the average speed over time on flat hard ground would be 1 cm/sec or less due to the hazard avoidance protocols.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=2003-027A (1192 words)

	MER Technical Data
		According to Design and Verification of the MER Primary Payload, the total mass of the Mars Exploration Rover is 180.1 kg.
		The rover's primary battery array is composed of lithium thionyl-chloride batteries.
		MER specifications require that the HGAG A/E drives must supply double the amount of output torque needed to climb a 40 degree slope with an outside temperature of -70Â°C and minimal battery power.
	hobbiton.thisside.net /rovermanual (2434 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
		Each rover carries a sophisticated set of instruments to search for evidence of liquid water that may have been present in the planet's past.
		Using images and spectra taken daily from the rovers, scientists will command the vehicle to go to rock and soil targets of interest and evaluate their composition and their texture at microscopic scales.
		These rovers will be able to travel almost as far in one Martian day as the Sojourner rover did over its entire lifetime.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/current/marsexplorationrovers.html (382 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Spirit lands on Mars \| MetaFilter
		The rover had to break through the martian atmosphere, deploy a parachute, stabilize with rockets, inflate impact absorbing balls and inner bladder, crash land, and then emerge from its cacoon to contact earth via solar power.
		It is said that this limits the rover to the ability to do, in 90 days, what a live geologist could do in about 90 minutes.
		As much as I love NASA and am excited about space exploration, I wouldn't be too thrilled about their budget getting much bigger before we solve some more important problems down here on the surface.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/30588 (1283 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover 3D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mars Exploration Rover (A and B) are two missions from the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to explore Mars surface with two robotic rovers.
		MER-A (which name is Spirit) was launch on 10th, June 2003 and MER-B (Opportunity) on 8th, July 2003.
		Opportunity rover has also landed softly on 25th, January 2004 in a small crater of the Meridiani Planum area.
	mer3d.free.fr (211 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity 2004
		Halfway around Mars and 6,600 miles from Gusev Crater, where the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landed on January 3, 2004, its twin the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity touched down on the flat plain Meridiana Planum, on Saturday, January 24, 2004, after sending a signal at 9:05 p.m.
		Launched on 7 April 2001, arrived in orbit around Mars on 24 October 2001, Mars 2001 Odyssey Obiter is to conduct Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) and Global Mapping by using the Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS).
		The MARIE maps radiation environment near Mars, which is important to the safety of future human explorers.
	members.fortunecity.com /duytam/mer2.html (1116 words)

	(AXCH) 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers - News, Status, Technical Info, History
		At the time this picture was snapped, the rover had begun analyzing the rock with the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer located on its robotic arm.
		MER Animated Illustration (QT dl) (dramatic, scientifically accurate, fully CG).
		Mars weather: Daily Martian Weather Report (from MGS science team, interesting but out of date).
	axonchisel.net /etc/space/mars-exp-rover-highlights.html (2812 words)

	Home Page
		The rovers will explore several kilometers of the alien planet's rocky terrain recording images and analyzing a variety sensor data.
		The goal of these meetings was to refine a nine week (45 hour) unit of study that would be academically rigorous in math and science while also being engaging and fun for students.
		Steven Dworetzky, author of the Mars Rover Project curriculum support materials and, Ken Berry of Cal State University hosted the workshops.
	www.mars-rover.com (380 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission
		And when scientists are getting ready for a mission to Mars, they have a field test.
		When the two Mars Exploration Rovers arrive at the red planet in January 2004, mission scientists will rely on them to make discoveries.
		Field tests with FIDO allow the team to formulate hypotheses about the geologic environment and use the rover to test them.
	marsweb.jpl.nasa.gov /mer/fido (281 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mars Rover Special Report
		Scientists studying initial on-the-scene images relayed from NASA’s Opportunity Mars rover at Victoria Crater are elated.
		The first geologists on Mars are not going to be humans of flesh and bone, but robot automatons of metal and wheels.
		Long before the Mars Rover missions were readied for launch, NASA researcher worried behind the scenes about invisible microbes that could contaminate the spacecraft.
	www.space.com /marsrover (1167 words)

	MSSS Mars Exploration Rover Directory
		The rover, Spirit, landed in Gusev Crater on 4 January 2004 (3 January 2004, PST).
		The Mars Relay antenna and MOC on Mars Global Surveyor were used throughout the Primary and early Extended MER mission phases to relay data, including images, from the martian surface.
		In 2006, the Mars Relay activities were resumed on a regular (approximately once per month) basis; MGS/MOC stands ready to relay data more frequently in the event of an upset of the normal relay path, through Mars Odyssey.
	www.msss.com /mer_mission (676 words)

	Mars Exploration: Home
		NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has begun the final and fastest-paced portion of its "aerobraking" process of using friction with the top of Mars' atmosphere to shrink the spacecraft's orbit.
		NASA's Mars rover Spirit has reached a safe site for the Martian winter, while its twin, Opportunity, is making fast progress toward a destination of its own.
		John Callas, newly named project manager for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission, is coordinating the work to meet these challenges.
	marsweb.jpl.nasa.gov (477 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Home
		This flash is showing time on Mars: Spirit: Current Sol, Time and Sols Past "Warranty"
		This flash is showing time on Mars: Opportunity: Current Sol, Time and Sols Past "Warranty"
		After reaching the top of "Husband Hill," NASA's Mars rover finds that sizing up the terrain depends on the point of view.
	marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov /home/index.html (200 words)

	Mars Exploration Mission
		NASA's twin robot geologists, the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, were launched toward Mars on June 10 and July 7, 2003, in search of answers about the history of water on Mars.
		After the airbag-protected landing craft settle onto the surface and open, the rovers roll out to take panoramic images.
		Spirit Flexes Its Arm to Use Microscope on Mars' Soil
	www.solarviews.com /eng/explorationrover.htm (327 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Now your students can build a functioning robotic model of a Mars Exploration Rover and simulate a real Mars expedition.
		It must perform in the most rugged desert-like conditions, navigating autonomously through a field of boulders and craters while working cooperatively with other rovers to map the alien planet’s surface.
		It cost billions of dollars to get here, so the engineering and design must be flawless.
	www.applied-technologies.com /tech_ed/mars_rover.htm (402 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover and Java Technology
		With the help of Java technology, Earthlings can now explore Mars with the program that NASA scientists use to operate the Spirit rover!
		The Maestro project, from JPL, allows you to navigate the 3D world of Mars from your desktop computer using advanced Java technologies including Java 3D and Java Advanced Imaging.
		Eight cameras aboard the rover provide a 360 degree view of the terrain - join NASA to uncover the mystery of Mars!
	www.java.com /en/everywhere/marsrover.jsp (112 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Multimedia
		This image gallery will expand as the mission progresses.
		See also Mars images by topical category (canyons, craters, etc.) in the main Mars Exploration Program's Gallery.
		This video gallery will expand as the mission progresses.
	origin.mars5.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery (35 words)

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