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Topic: Mars Express Orbiter

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	ESA - Space Science - Mars Express overview
		Mars Express, together with its lander, is an important element of the international flotilla of spacecraft destined to explore Mars.
		Mars Express is designed to take a payload of seven state-of-the-art scientific instruments and one lander to the Red Planet and allow them to record data for at least one Martian year, or 687 Earth days.
		Mars Express was then hurtling through interplanetary space with an absolute velocity of 116 800 kilometres per hour and a velocity relative to Earth of 10 800 kilometres per hour.
	www.esa.int /science/marsexpress (1456 words)

	Mars Express
		It is the first spacecraft to use radar to penetrate the surface of Mars and to map the distribution of possible underground water deposits.
		Mars Express forms part of an international Mars exploration program, featuring also the US probes Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey, the two Mars Exploration Rovers, and the Japanese probe Nozomi.
		Mars Express, drawing heavily on elements of the Rosetta spacecraft awaiting to be launched to a comet next year, paves the way for other ESA-led planetary missions, with Venus Express planned for 2005 and the BepiColombo mission to Mercury at the end of the decade.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/MarsExpress.html (811 words)

	The MARS SCAN
		Beagle 2 should have reached Mars' surface on 2003-12-25 02:52 UTC but the orbiter Mars Express didn't receive a signal - Beagle 2 is missing.
		Mars Express will continue its mission to map the planet from orbit, analyzing the atmosphere and probing with radar for water below the ground.
		Mars 2 landing unit fell on Mars surface.
	www.ibiblio.org /ais/marsscan.htm (784 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Destination Mars \| Europe shoots for Mars with robotic orbiter and lander
		With the opportunity to dispatch space probes to Mars once every 26 months, when the planets are suitably aligned, this window sees the Mars Express orbiter and compact lander, called Beagle 2, leading the charge with a planned June 2 launch.
		Liftoff of the Mars Express spacecraft aboard a venerable Russian Soyuz booster with a Fregat upper stage is set for Monday at 1745 GMT (1:45 p.m.
		Orbiter instruments - A summary of the instruments aboard Mars Express.
	spaceflightnow.com /mars/marsexpress/030528overview.html (1168 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Express looking for its Beagle 2
		Mars Express fired its main engine for more than three minutes to switch from orbiting over the planet's equator to a route that will take it over the poles.
		Mars Express went into orbit around Mars early on Christmas Day — about the same time that the British-built Beagle was supposed to land north of the Martian equator.
		Mars Express is to use its powerful radar to search over the next two years for signs that there was once enough water on the planet to sustain life.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,575040310,00.html (511 words)

	Mission to Mars
		The Mars Express orbiter and the Beagle 2 lander were launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, a facility steeped in Russian space history, on June 2, 2003.
		Mars 96 consisted of an orbiter and two small landers that were to probe the surface, interior, and atmosphere of Mars.
		Mars Express consists of an orbiter and one small lander that will examine the planet’s geology, structure, and atmosphere to search for water and signs of life.
	athena.cornell.edu /mars_facts/past_missions_00s.html (2045 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission
		Mars Express will be looking down with its High Resolution Stereo Camera and three spectrometers: OMEGA for identifying minerals in infrared and visible wavelengths, and the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) and SPICAM for studying atmospheric circulation and composition.
		The Mars Express observations are also expected to supplement earlier information from two NASA Mars orbiters about the surface minerals and geological features in Gusev Crater.
		The Mars Express measurements are most sensitive for the upper atmosphere, while Spirit’s measurements are most sensitive for the lower portion of the atmosphere.
	www.amnh.org /rose/mars/express.html (291 words)

	Mars Express radar ready to work
		MARSIS, the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding on board ESA's Mars Express orbiter, is now fully deployed, has undergone its first check-out and is ready to start operations around the Red Planet.
		This is favourable to deep subsurface sounding, because during the night the ionosphere of Mars does not interfere with the lower-frequency signals needed by the instrument to penetrate the planet's surface, down to a depth of 5 kilometres.
		Mars Express was launched on 2 June 2003 and reached the Red Planet on Christmas Day that same year.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-06/esa-mer062205.php (895 words)

	Mars Express Will Put Europe About And On Mars
		The Mars Express orbiter will observe the planet and its atmosphere from a near-polar orbit, and will remain in operation for at least a whole Martian year (687 Earth days).
		The Mars Express spacecraft is now in Bajkonour, Kazakhstan, being prepared for its launch in early June 2003.
		The Beagle 2 project is the British-led effort to land on Mars as part of the European Space Agency's Mars Express Mission to be launched in June 2003.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/marsexpress-03f.html (1038 words)

	Mars Express
		Mars Express is ESA's Mars mission, and that agency's first mission to another planet.
		Mars Express was successfully launched on June 2, 2003 from Baikonur with a Russian Soyuz-Fregat rocket (compatible with a Delta II).
		First results from Mars Express' instruments were quite spectacular and include the detection of more evidence of water ice.
	www.seds.org /~spider/spider/Mars/marsexpr.html (504 words)

	Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-1096 Release
		Mars Odyssey was launched on 7 April 2001, and reached Mars on 24 October 2001.
		Mars Express is in a highly elliptical orbit, which is also highly inclined relative to the equator of Mars.
		The newest of the three active Mars orbiters, Mars Express was launched on 2 June 2003, and reached the red planet on 25 December 2003.
	www.msss.com /mars_images/moc/2005/05/19/index.html (829 words)

	Aerospace Technology - Mars Express Spacecraft/Orbiter
		Mars Express is ESA's Mars mission and also the name of the spacecraft that will transport the Beagle 2 Mars lander and act as an orbiting probe and telecommunications relay satellite for Beagle 2 and other landers due to land on the Red Planet between 2003 and 2007.
		The instruments onboard Mars Express include a stereoscopic camera from Germany, a geological mapping device from France and an atmospheric sounder from Italy.
		Mars Express will also be able to make corrections to its trajectory en route to Mars by firing two or more of its eight 10N attitude thrusters which are fuelled by the same mixture as the main engine.
	www.aerospace-technology.com /projects/marsexpress (889 words)

	USATODAY.com - European orbiter confirms water ice in Mars polar cap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Now Mars Express has made the first detection of a chemical signature of the water ice at the south pole.
		The presence of water ice was noted by the orbiter's camera and confirmed by a infrared spectrometer, which splits light like a prism and analyzes the chemicals involved in producing the light.
		In other observations made by NASA's Mars Odyssey probe over the past couple of years, scientists have found strong evidence for water ice buried in the Martian soil away from the permanently frozen polar caps.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-01-23-mars-south-ice_x.htm (546 words)

	Mars Express sees its first water
		This picture was taken by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard ESA's Mars Express orbiter, in colour and 3D, in orbit 18 on 15 January 2004 from a height of 273 km.
		One of the main targets of the Mars Express mission is to discover the presence of water in one of its chemical states.
		The MaRS instrument, a sophisticated radio transmitter and receiver, emitted a first signal successfully on 21 January that was received on Earth through a 70- metre antenna in Australia after it was reflected and scattered from the surface of Mars.
	www.physlink.com /News/012504MarsWater.cfm (592 words)

	Mission: Mars Express
		Mars Express is the European Space Agency's first mission to the Red Planet.
		The spacecraft is investigating the history of water on Mars and mapping the planet in unprecedented detail.
		Mars Express is also finding out what happened to the water that once flowed across the Martian surface.
	www.uk2planets.org.uk /m_mars.htm (200 words)

	Mars Express Orbiter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It consists of the orbiter and a lander, Beagle 2.
		The Mars Express Orbiter is a cube-shaped spacecraft with two solar panel wings extending from opposite sides.
		The Beagle 2 lander was released on December 19 at 8:31 UTC (9:31 CET) on a ballistic cruise towards the surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Express_Orbiter (1573 words)

	Mars Express has the sophisticated science to find the water ice on Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The team working on ESA's Mars Express, the next mission to the Red Planet, is thrilled by NASA's Mars Odyssey detection of hydrogen-rich layers under the Martian surface.
		"Mars Express will give a more global picture of where the water is and how deep," says Patrick Martin, ESA deputy project scientist for the Mars Express mission.
		The cameras on Mars Express will map the minerals at a very high resolution and report how they are distributed on the Martian surface.
	www.ufoindia.org /news_marsexpress.htm (605 words)

	Mars Express
		Mars Radio Science Experiment (MaRS), which used the radio signals that convey data and instructions between the spacecraft and Earth to probe the planet's ionosphere, atmosphere, surface and interior.
		Mars Express had a mass of 637 kg dry, including science payload and Beagle separation device, together with 480 kg of propellant and the 69 kg Beagle 2 lander, for a total of 1186 kg.
		Mars Express was placed into a 1.014 x 1.531 AU x 0.2 deg orbit around the Sun, following a course correction on June 5.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/marpress.htm (660 words)

	NASA - Mars
		Mars is showing scientists its older, craggier face buried beneath the surface, thanks to a pioneering sounding radar co-sponsored by NASA aboard the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter.
		Layers on Mars are yielding history lessons revealed by instruments flying overhead and rolling across the surface.
		NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has begun the final and fastest-paced portion of its "aerobraking" process of using friction with the top of Mars' atmosphere to shrink the spacecraft's orbit.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/mars/main/index.html (409 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Press Release Images: Opportunity
		NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity used its panoramic camera to capture this false-color image of the interior of "Endurance Crater" on the rover's 188th martian day (Aug. 4, 2004).
		This picture from the rear hazard-avoidance camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows a side view of "Endurance Crater." Opportunity took the image on sol 188 (Aug. 4, 2004), before transmitting it and other data to the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter.
		This picture from the front hazard-avoidance camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows rover wheel tracks on the inner slope of "Endurance Crater." Opportunity took the image on sol 188 (Aug. 4, 2004), before transmitting it and other data to the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter.
	marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/press/opportunity/20040810a.html (252 words)

	USATODAY.com - New orbiter heads to Mars as hunt for water intensifies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		From NASA's first successful Mars flyby 30 years ago to the twin rovers scuttling across Martian craters today, scientists have only scratched the surface in describing how the planet is put together, how it evolved, and most provocatively, whether it had — or still has — conditions that could cradle simple life forms.
		The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, now scheduled to launch Thursday aboard an Atlas V rocket, is equipped with six instruments, including the largest telescopic camera sent to another planet.
		Where Mars Express can map mineral deposits as small as 660 feet across, the MRO spectrometer will focus in on features roughly the size of a house.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2005-08-09-mars-orbiter_x.htm (830 words)

	CNN.com - New orbiter heads to Mars poles - Dec. 30, 2003
		Mission controllers on Tuesday redirected Europe's Mars Express orbiter closer to the red planet's poles, taking a crucial first step to push it into a lower orbit where it will be able to listen for its missing Beagle 2 surface probe.
		Officials also consider Mars Express their best chance to find the British-built Beagle, since their radios have been tested together and shown to link up.
		Mars Express also will map the surface with a high-resolution camera and relay data from Beagle, if it is found.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/12/30/europe.mars.ap/index.html (570 words)

	Mars Express / Beagle 2
		MaRS (Mars Radio Science Experiment) will use the radio signals that convey data and instructions between the spacecraft and Earth to probe the planet's ionosphere, atmosphere, surface and even interior.
		As well as its science objectives, Mars Express will also provide relay communication services between the Earth and landers deployed on the surface by other nations, thus forming a centre piece of the international effort in Mars exploration.
		December 2003 on their destination, but while Mars Express was successfully inserted into a Mars orbit, no signal from the Beagle 2 lander has been received.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/mars-express.htm (752 words)

	Mars Express Links with Mars Exploration Rovers in Interplanetary Network Experiment - Planetary News \| The Planetary ...
		Because of the geometry of Mars Express' orbit and the location of the rovers during August, both the Spirit passes were 'Canister Mode' tests taken with Mars Express in the higher altitude in its orbital ellipse "to simulate data collection during an EDL event," says Arnold.
		Although Mars Express and Opportunity had another 128 KBPS test 'date' August 10, that link-up was canceled by the MER team, because, says Arnold, of conflicting science and onboard power supply constraints.
		As seamless and easy as these telecom link-ups between Mars Express and the rovers this month may sound, the tests that proved the protocol and the ability for a European mission and a NASA mission to successfully communicate with each other at Mars required years of groundwork on Earth.
	www.planetary.org /news/2004/0818_Mars_Express_Links_with_Mars.html (1950 words)

	Mars Express
		Mars Express gebruikt als enige communicatieapparatuur die cab tevoren volledig met Beagle 2 is getest.
		Mars Express was always intended to be the prime communication relay for Beagle 2, and the lander team is hopeful that a link can be established at that time if it has not already been achieved with Mars Odyssey.
		Mars Express, which was always planned to be Beagle 2's main communication link with Earth, successfully entered orbit around the planet on 25 December and is currently being manoeuvred into its operational polar orbit.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/moiorbne.html (7209 words)

	RedOrbit - Space - Sounding Out Mars with MARSIS
		At the recent European Space Agency Mars Express conference in Noordwijk, Netherlands, Astrobiology Magazine editor Leslie Mullen talked with Jeffrey Plaut of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Co-Principal Investigator for the MARSIS instrument.
		On the sunny side of Mars, where the solar wind is interacting with the atmosphere, the ionosphere is much more active and it reflects the lower frequency signals.
		The reason that there's a night side and a day side for Mars Express is that the spacecraft is in a highly elliptical orbit, and it only visits the planet three times a day.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=131952 (1456 words)

	About Mars Express (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) for the Mars Express mission is an infrared spectrometer optimised for atmospheric studies able to cover the wavelength range from 1.2 to 45 mm divided in two channels (Short Wavelength and Long Wavelength) with a boundary at 5 mm.
		On Mars Express, the correlated study of ozone and water vapor will allow to compute the quantities of ozone and other oxidants, and solar UV reaching the ground.
		This Mars environment needs to be understood for a better understanding of conditions in which life could have developed on Mars (or not), and the possible transformation of the some rocks by oxidation.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /mars/background/express-instrum.html (2452 words)

	Mars Express (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Mars Express was launched on a Russian Soyuz/Fregat rocket in Baikonur, Kazakhstan on June 2, 2003 with the Beagle 2 lander onboard.
		This is an orbiter and lander mission that will arrive at Mars in late December 2003, around Christmas.
		The Mars Express will assume a polar orbit while the Beagle 2 lander descends to the planets surface.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~gatto/mars/marsexpress.htm (897 words)

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