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Topic: Mars Observer

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	Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mars has only a quarter the surface area of the Earth and only one-tenth the mass (though its surface area is approximately equal to that of the Earth's dry land because Mars lacks oceans).
		The atmosphere on Mars is 95 percent carbon dioxide, 3 percent nitrogen, 1.6 percent argon, and traces of oxygen and water.
		The datum for Mars is defined by the fourth-degree and fourth-order spherical harmonic gravity field, with the zero altitude defined by the 610.5 Pa (6.105 mbar) atmospheric pressure surface (approximately 0.6% of Earth's) at a temperature of 273.16 K. This pressure and temperature correspond to the triple point of water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_(planet) (3834 words)

	Mars Observer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mars Observer, launched in September 25, 1992, was the first of the Observer series of planetary missions, was designed to study the geoscience and climate of Mars.
		Mars Observer was also to support the acquisition of data from the Russian Mars 1994 mission through the use of the joint French-Russian-American Mars Balloon Relay instrument.
		However, science instruments originally developed for Mars Observer are being used by three other orbiters, the Mars Global Surveyor, launched in 1996, Mars Odyssey, launched in 2001, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Observer (637 words)

	Mars Observer: The Lost Mission
		Mars Observer was a NASA mission designed to study the surface, atmosphere, interior and magnetic field of Mars from orbit.
		Mars Observer was launched on September 25, 1992, aboard a Titan II rocket.
		Although the loss of Mars Observer (the first loss of a U.S. planetary mission in 27 years!) was a setback, the study of Mars continued.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /HAS/cirr/em/8/5.cfm (527 words)

	Mars Observer -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mars Observer, launched in September 25, 1992, was the first of the Observer series of planetary missions, was designed to study the (Click link for more info and facts about geoscience) geoscience and climate of (The 4th planet from the sun) Mars.
		The bus and electronics of the Observer series of spacecraft, used to study the terrestrial planets and near-Earth asteroids, were derived from the Satcom-K and DMSP/TIROS (A craft capable of traveling in outer space; technically, a satellite around the sun) spacecraft.
		However, science instruments originally developed for Mars Observer are being used by two other orbiters, the (Click link for more info and facts about Mars Global Surveyor) Mars Global Surveyor, launched in 1996 and (Click link for more info and facts about Mars Odyssey) Mars Odyssey, launched in 2001.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/mars_observer.htm (729 words)

	Mars Observer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mars Observer was also to support the acquisition of data from the Russian Mars 1994 mission through the use of the joint instrument.
		It is not known whether the spacecraft was able to follow its automatic programming and go into Mars orbit or if it flew by Mars and is now in a.
		Images from Mars Observer during the cruise from Earth to Mars (http://pages.preferred.com/%7Etedstryk/marsobserverimages.html)
	www.newlenox.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Mars_Observer (651 words)

	The Mars Observer
		Mars Observer was launched on September 25, 1992 from Kennedy Space Center aboard a Titan III rocket.
		The spacecraft was lost in the vicinity of Mars after (most probably) an explosion of the fuel and oxidizer elements on August 21, 1993 when the spacecraft began its maneuvering sequence for Martian orbital insertion.
		The Mars Observer spacecraft did very little science during its cruise phase to Mars to save on costs, but approximately two months of total data from the gamma ray spectrometer were successfully collected, including spectral observations of one burst, GB930706, for which the VLA obtained radio observations approximately eight days later.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/heasarc/missions/marsobs.html (317 words)

	Mars Opposition 2003
		The reason Mars was so close was that Earth was about the farthest away from the Sun in its orbit at the time that Mars was nearing its closest point to the Sun.
		Mars Express, a NASA and the European Space Agency joint mission, with its June, 2003, launch took advantage of the close pairing of the two planets.
		It was this weird motion of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn that was hardest for early astronomers to explain.
	www.kidscosmos.org /kid-stuff/mars-oppositions.html (1540 words)

	Ancient Life on Mars???
		The slide set and captions are divided into sections on Mars, Antarctic meteorites, ALH 84001 and its possible traces of life, and exploration of Mars and the universe.
		Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, and is the outermost of the “terrestrial” (Earth-like, or rocky) planets.
		Mars appears reddish because much of it is coated with iron oxide minerals (the material that forms rust on Earth).
	www.lpi.usra.edu /publications/slidesets/marslife.html (855 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mars Observer
		Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky.
		Computer generated image of Global Surveyor spacecraft (NASA) The launch of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft in November 1996 by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory began Americas return to Mars after a 20-year absence.
		Conceptual drawing NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (acronym: MRO) is a multipurpose spacecraft scheduled to launch August 11, 2005 to advance human understanding of Mars through detailed observation, to examine potential landing sites for future surface missions and to provide a high-data-rate communications relay for those missions.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mars-Observer (1168 words)

	Exploring Mars: Mars Observer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Mars Observer spacecraft undergoes processing in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, in preparation for its September 1992 launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
		The Mars Observer spacecraft ascends atop a Titan III vehicle and Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS) upper stage during its launch September 25, 1992, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
		Mars Observer will go into orbit around the red planet in August 1993, beginning a 687-day study of the planet's environment during a full Martian year.
	www.exploringmars.com /missions/mars-observer/images.html (400 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mars Observer: An Earlier Probe's Legacy
		Among Mars Observer's instruments was a radiometer that would have measured temperatures, dust and clouds in the Martian atmosphere.
		The seventh and final replacement piece for Mars Observer's science payload, a gamma ray spectrometer, will be carried on Mars Surveyor 2001, a spacecraft scheduled for launch on March 30, 2001.
		Mars Observer 's failure helped usher in the "new paradigm" of smaller, cheaper missions, says David R. Williams, a planetary scientist at NASA's National Space Science Data Center.
	www.space.com /news/mars_observer_990922.html (405 words)

	Astronomy for Kids - Mars
		Throughout history, the appearance of Mars in the sky, with its somewhat ominous red color, has been interpreted as an omen that something important, and usually bad, was about to happen.
		Mars is one of the first things people look at when they get their first telescope, and it can remain a favorite observation target for as long as they own the telescope.
		It is perhaps fitting that a planet with the ominous reputation of Mars should have two moons that are named for the horses that pulled the chariot of the Roman god of war.
	www.dustbunny.com /afk/planets/mars (1251 words)

	ASU Research E-Magazine: Life After Mars Observer
		The Mars Observer spacecraft was lost or had exploded, and no real hope remained of regaining contact.
		The spacecraft’s arrival at Mars was to have been the culmination of more than a decade’s worth of work for hundreds of scientists, engineers, technicians, and students, including planetary geologist Philip Christensen and his team of researchers at Arizona State University.
		When Mars Observer was lost, some of the really good, hot young scientists lost their spots in the space science system.
	researchmag.asu.edu /stories/lifeaftermars.html (1506 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring the Red Planet - Mars Global Surveyor
		Mars Global Surveyor was launched November 7, 1996, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
		Global Surveyor's role is to determine the geology and perhaps the past history of Mars and its climate.
		Global Surveyor is designed to carry out 75 percent of the work planned for the ill-fated, $980 million Mars Observer which disappeared three days before it was supposed to reach the Red Planet in August 1993.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Mars/MarsExploration/MarsGlobalSurveyor.html (1688 words)

	The Observer \| Focus \| Mars or Bust
		For Nasa's astronauts, scientists and officials who have gathered to prepare for the return to flight of the space shuttle, scheduled for this week, this is their real purpose.
		The problem for many of these scientists and engineers is a simple, ultimately profound one: it lies with putting humans in space, a largely unnecessary and dangerous activity when robots can explore the universe for a hundredth of the cost and at no risk to life.
		Two automated rovers are currently driving around on the surface of Mars, having spent more than a year investigating the planet's surface by digging trenches and probing rocks.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Observer/focus/story/0,6903,1525222,00.html (1930 words)

	Mars Observer Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mars Observer was lost in 1993 while attempting to enter Mars Orbit.
		Syrtis Major, the first surface marking to be discovered on Mars (by Danish astronomer Christian Huygens), is clearly visible at the center of the disk.
		Its color is based on a mix of the wide angle image from Mars Observer and the single frame returned in 1999 by the Mars Climate Orbiter...so in other words, the color is pretty much false.
	pages.preferred.com /~tedstryk/marsobserverimages.html (138 words)

	Spacecraft
		Mars in 1965 and took the first close-up images of the Martian surface (22 in all) as it flew by the planet.
		Mars Pathfinder was launched 1996 December 4 and landed successfully on Mars on 1997 July 4.
		For example, recent HST data show that Mars is colder and drier than during the Viking missions; and HST images of Neptune indicate that its atmospheric features change rapidly.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /nineplanets/nineplanets/spacecraft.html (3254 words)

	Mars Observer
		Mars Observer was a NASA mission to study the surface, atmosphere, interior and magnetic field of Mars from Martian orbit.
		Communications was lost with the spacecraft on August 22, 1993 as it was preparing to go into orbit around Mars, and no significant scientific data was returned.
		Mars Observer Camera (MOC) - a line-scan camera designed to take low-resolution images of Mars on a daily basis for studies of the climate, and medium- and high-resolution images of selected areas to study surface geology and interactions between the surface and the atmosphere.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/marerver.htm (563 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		After a 17-year gap since its last mission to the red planet, the United States launched Mars Observer on September 25, 1992.
		The payload of science instruments was designed to study the geology, geophysics and climate of Mars.
		Science instruments from Mars Observer are being reflown on two other orbiters, Mars Global Surveyor and 2001 Mars Odyssey.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/observer.html (122 words)

	MarsNews.com :: Mars Observer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After a 17 year hiatus in Mars exploration, in 1992 a new probe was launched that hoped to rewrite the books on the Red Planet.
		The Mars Observer was successfully catapulted to the Red Planet by a Titan III E launch vehicle on September 25, 1992.
		The science instruments were later reflown succesfully on other spacecraft (Mars Global Surveyor and 2001 Mars Odyssey) But Observer proved to be the last of the huge, expensive planetary probes that NASA would ever undertake.
	www.marsnews.com /missions/observer (473 words)

	Mars Climate Orbiter Official Website
		Wide-ranging managerial and technical actions are underway at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, in response to the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter and the initial findings of the mission failure investigation board.
		Flight controllers for NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter are planning to abandon the search for the spacecraft at 3 p.m.
		Mars Climate Orbiter is believed to be lost due to a suspected navigation error.
	lunar.ksc.nasa.gov /mars/msp98/orbiter (118 words)

	Mars Watch 2003 - How to Observe Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mars will be the brightest object in that area of the sky
		Throughout the evening, Mars will rise higher to the south and then by early morning begin sinking low to the southwest.
		Mars will be visible all through the night.
	planetary.org /marswatch2003/observe.html (304 words)

	Planet Mars
		Japan's Nozomi (for Hope; former Planet B) Mars orbiter was successfully launched on July 4, 1998 with a M-V-3 rocket, and flew 2 Lunar swingbys on September 24 and on December 18, 1998, and one Earth swingby on December 20, 1998.
		Reached Mars and successfully entered Mars orbit on September 11, 1997; used aerobraking for achieving the low Mars orbit required for the intended orbital investigations of the Red Planet, which began in early 1998.
		This Mars orbiter mission is to perform the research originally scheduled for the lost Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor 1998 Orbiter), i.e., Mars wheather and climate.
	www.seds.org /~spider/mars/mars.html (2968 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		Mars Climate Orbiter was designed to function as an interplanetary weather satellite and a communications relay for Mars Polar Lander.
		The orbiter carried two science instruments: a copy of an atmospheric sounder on the Mars Observer spacecraft lost in 1993, and a new, lightweight color imager combining wide- and medium-angle cameras.
		Mars Climate Orbiter was lost on arrival September 23, 1999.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/climorb.html (84 words)

	Shallow Sky -- Mars
		That's one of the tricky parts of observing Mars, especially during this opposition when the polar cap is expected to be inconspicuous.
		USGS Mars Maps and Globes This site has kits to download and build an excellent Mars globe from a PDF made from Mars Viking and Global Surveyor mosaics.
		The RASC Observer's Handbook has a decent BandW Mars map and lots of observing info (lots of great info on observing other objects, too).
	www.shallowsky.com /mars.html (1902 words)

	USATODAY.com - NASA readies next Mars mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A fourth Mars orbiter is set to blast off Thursday, carrying some of the most sophisticated science instruments ever sent into space.
		Earlier this year, the company that operates a camera aboard one of the current Mars orbiting spacecraft —; the Global Surveyor — found what appeared to be the wreckage of Polar Lander based on grainy fl-and-white images.
		Today, Mars is cold and dry with large caps of frozen water at its poles.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2005-08-07-mars-orbiter_x.htm (1161 words)

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