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Topic: Mars Pathfinder

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	Mars Pathfinder
		The Mars Pathfinder was the second of NASA's low-cost planetary Discovery missions to be launched.
		Mars Pathfinder was launched on a Delta 7925 (a Delta II Lite launch vehicle with nine strap-on solid-rocket boosters and a Star 48 (PAM-D) third stage) at 6:58:00 UT (1:58 a.m.
		This region is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars, the result of a huge flood (possibly an amount of water equivalent to the volume of all five Great Lakes) over a short period of time flowing into the martian northern lowlands.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/path.htm (694 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring the Red Planet - Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner
		Mars Pathfinder was launched in December 1996 as one of NASA's new inexpensive Discovery-series spacecraft.
		The landing of Pathfinder set the stage for an unprecedented exploration of the Red Planet by a tiny dune buggy named Sojourner (photo of the rover on the lander), driven by remote control from Earth on a survey to chart the composition and size of Martian rocks, dust and debris.
		Pathfinder confirmed that dust absorbs solar radiation in the planet's atmosphere, partially blocking the transmission of solar energy to the Martian surface.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Mars/MarsExploration/MarsPathfinder.html (2348 words)

	Mars Pathfinder
		Mars Pathfinder and the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) mission were not chosen by the same process as the later Discovery missions.
		Pathfinder was originally designedto demonstration technology for inexpensive entry and landing on Mars, as a precursor to a network of landers called Mars Environmental Survey, or MESUR.
		The Mars Surveyor 98 lander is using much of the entry and descent technology demonstrated by Pathfinder, including the aeroshell and the parachute.
	www.sacred-texts.com /ufo/marspath.htm (3592 words)

	The Need For Mars Mission Exobiologists
		Mars Pathfinder had geology filters in its camera that could examine a range of spectral wavelengths.
		Perhaps because of the limited spectral rage of the IR filters employed in their search, the rational was that the Mars Pathfinder IMP camera would only be able to register the most blatant signs of chlorophyll if it were indeed on Mars.
		If Mars was warm enough and had an atmospheric pressure much higher than the triple point of water in its distant past, then it may have also developed life along a similar time frame as the Earth or perhaps even before.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars-life-00e.html (1530 words)

	Mars and Pathfinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This is a presentation about Mars, Pathfinder, solar energy and dust on Mars, and future missions to Mars which I made for the Explorer scout post in Cleveland on October 23, 1997.
		Mars is one of the most interesting planets in the solar system, featuring enormous canyons, giant volcanoes, and signs that, early in its history, it might have had rivers and perhaps even oceans.
		Pathfinder is only the first of an armada of spacecraft which will examine Mars from the pole to the equator in the next decade, culminating (we hope!) with a mission to bring humans to Mars.
	powerweb.grc.nasa.gov /pvsee/publications/mars/Mars.html (499 words)

	Roving for Rocks on the Red Planet: The Mars Pathfinder Mission
		Mars Pathfinder, however, will be the first mission to explore a landing area on Mars with a mobile platform that can measure the chemical composition of surface materials.
		Pathfinder's instruments and rover will characterize martian rocks and surface materials over a substantial area, providing "ground truth" for our current view of Mars, which is based largely on global remote sensing data.
		The Mars Pathfinder Project began in October 1993 as one of the first Discovery-class missions, which are low cost ($171 million) and short development time (about 3 years) missions that focus on engineering, science, and technology objectives.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/eosgolombek.html (1749 words)

	Pathfinder
		The Mars Pathfinder Lander camera is a side-by-side charged-coupled device (CCD) stereo imager in a barrel-shaped housing which sits on top of an extendable mast that stretches 62 cm above its stowed position upon deployment and approximately 150 cm above the surface.
		After Pathfinder landed at 19.33° N, 33.55° E at 3389.7 km from the center of Mars during local mid-summer, the measurements showed evidence of 0.2 to 0.3 mbar daily variations indicating strong thermal tides and daily cycles showed two minima and two maxima.
		The Mars Pathfinder camera photographed the magnetic arrays periodically through 9 optical filters and the amount of dust collected as a function of time and magnet strength can be studied.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/20th_far_pathfinder.html (4037 words)

	APOD: July 5, 1997 - Pathfinder on Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mars Pathfinder spacecraft successfully bounced and came to rest on the surface of Mars at 10:07 AM Pacific Daylight Time.
		Mars Sojourner robot rover is visible crouched on the unfolded spacecraft.
		Surrounding Pathfinder are deflated airbags and a rock-strewn terrain.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap970705.html (162 words)

	Mars Pathfinder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This mission to Mars, besides being the first of a series of missions to Mars that included rovers (robotic exploration vehicles), was the most important since the Vikings landed on the red planet in 1976, and also was the first mission to send a rover to a planet.
		Mars Pathfinder used an innovative method of directly entering Mars using an entry capsule, a supersonic parachute, followed by solid rockets and large airbags to cushion the impact.
		Mars Pathfinder directly entered Mars atmosphere in a retrograde direction from a hyperbolic trajectory at 6.1 km/s using an atmospheric entry aeroshell (capsule) that was derived from the orginal Viking lander design.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Pathfinder (2514 words)

	SPACE.com -- Airbags May Bounce Back to Mars
		A cocoon of airbags was successfully used on the U.S. Mars Pathfinder spacecraft in 1997: After rolling to a stop, the airbags deflated and the lander station released the Sojourner mini-rover that trekked over Martian hill and dale.
		If a Mars lander is the mission of choice, a 286-pound (130-kilogram) rover is to be cushioned on touchdown by airbags, similar to the system flown on Mars Pathfinder.
		Extensive tests of the Mars Pathfinder airbags were done at ILC and at NASA's Plum Brook Station, part of the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/mars_airbags_000707.html (946 words)

	Mars Pathfinder Images
		Mars Pathfinder lander image of clouds on sol 15 - As water ice clouds cover the sky, the sky takes on a more bluish cast.
		The motion indicates that the clouds are moving from the north-east to the south-west.
		Mars Pathfinder lander on sol 39 - This image was taken by the rover's left front camera.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/marspath_images.html (1064 words)

	Mars Pathfinder - Article - Red Colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This was much the scene on December 4th, 1996, the date that the Mars Pathfinder's journey towards the barren surface of Mars began.
		The Pathfinder is equipped with state of the art scientific equipment, in order for it to gather as much information as it can.
		The Pathfinder was speckled with magnetic points which were observed for deposits by sensors.
	www.redcolony.com /art.php?id=0012130 (1009 words)

	What is Mars Pathfinder?
		Pathfinder will be the first U.S. spacecraft to land on Mars since the two Vikings arrived in 1976.
		Pathfinder is likely to be joined on the Mars surface in 1997 by two landers and two penetrators of the Russian Mars 96 mission.
		Pathfinder must land somewhere that is safe for the landing and that is at the appropriate latitude on Mars to ensure maximum sunlight to power the solar panels.
	tes.asu.edu /PATHFINDER/Pathfinder_menu.html (2419 words)

	TPS: Exploring Mars: Images from the Mars Pathfinder Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mars Pathfinder landed on Mars on July 4, 1997.
		During the Entry, Descent and Landing phase of the mission, the final step is the separation of the lander and its surrounding airbags from the backshell.
		Pathfinder scientists used this image to determine whether it was safe to deploy the ramps.
	www.planetary.org /mars/mpf-images.html (1564 words)

	NASA - Mars Pathfinder
		Mars Pathfinder was designed to be a demonstration of the technology necessary to deliver a lander and a free-ranging robotic rover to the surface of Mars in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
		Mars Pathfinder used an innovative method of directly entering the Martian atmosphere, assisted by a parachute to slow its descent through the thin Martian atmosphere and a giant system of airbags to cushion the impact.
		From landing until the final data transmission on September 27, 1997, Mars Pathfinder returned 2.3 billion bits of information, including more than 16,500 images from the lander and 550 images from the rover, as well as more than 15 chemical analyses of rocks and soil and extensive data on winds and other weather factors.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/mars-pathfinder/index.html (412 words)

	Five Year Retrospective: Mars Pathfinder :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		Pathfinder returned 2.6 gigabits (2.6 billion bits) of data and 16,000 tantalizing pictures of the Martian landscape, including 550 close-up images from the rover.
		Dust is confirmed as the dominant absorber of Solar radiation in Mars' atmosphere, which has important consequences for the transport of energy in the atmosphere and its circulation.
		The moment of inertia of Mars was refined to a corresponding core radius of between 807 miles and 1,242 miles (1,300 and 2,000 kilometers).
	www.astrobio.net /news/article282.html (1014 words)

	MARS PATHFINDER
		Current priorities involve fixing the software bug that is causing Pathfinder to reset its computer; downloading high-resolution color pictures to be used for a 3-D virtual panorama; and analyzing goofily-named Mars rocks with the AXP spectrometer.
		Analyses of pictures sent back from Mars show what appear to be the remnants of a huge flood in a flood plain large enough to contain all the water in the Mediterranean Sea.
		However, Pathfinder's instruments and mobile rover are not designed to provide an answer to the question of life on Mars.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA10/mars797.html (1646 words)

	Mars Pathfinder Mission
		Clouds on Mars are sometimes localized and can sometimes cover entire regions, but have not yet been observed to cover the entire planet.
		The image was taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) on Sol 16 about forty minutes before sunrise showing areas of the eastern Martian horizon.
		Secondary ticks (cyan) are based on the Mars local level (LL) frame, which has X north, Y east, Z down, with origin in the center of the lander baseplate.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/pathfind.htm (2009 words)

	MarsNews.com :: NewsWire for Mars Pathfinder
		The Mars Pathfinder Sojourner Rover, a lightweight machine on wheels, accomplished a revolutionary feat on the surface of Mars.
		An analysis of data obtained by the Pathfinder mission to the Red Planet in 1997 suggests there could be chlorophyll - the molecule used by plants and other organisms on Earth to extract energy from sunlight - in the soil close to the landing site.
		When the Pathfinder mission beamed images from the surface of Mars two years ago, Yogi, Stimpy and Flat Top were among the stars of the show.
	www.marsnews.com /newswire/mars_pathfinder (944 words)

	Mars Pathfinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mars Pathfinder was a very important mission because it showed that NASA could go to Mars with relatively low costs, use advanced technology, and do the whole mission in a short amount of time.
		Pathfinder was launched on a Delta II rocket in December 4, 1996 and landed at Mars on July 4, 1997.
		This data gave strong evidence for the theory that Mars may have had life on it in the past because a thicker atmosphere would block the Suns radiation and liquid water on the surface allows for a perfect medium for chemical reactions that allow life.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~gatto/mars/path.htm (536 words)

	Field Trip to Mars - Kids - Mars Pathfinder
		With a thundering roar and a dazzling blast of light and smoke the Delta rocket lifted Mars Pathfinder on its way to Mars in December, 1996.
		The Mars Pathfinder landed about the center of this NASA map (right) where the fl arrow indicates.
		On April 7, 2001, the 2001 Mars Odyssey was launched on a Delta II launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
	www.kidscosmos.org /kid-stuff/kids-pathfinder.html (629 words)

	APOD Search Results for "Pathfinder" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mars Pathfinder spacecraft successfully came to rest on the surface of Mars at 10:07 AM Pacific Daylight Time.
		Mars Pathfinder landed at the southern edge of this area, known as the Mare Acidalium, also finding evidence of water-worn conglomerate rocks.
		Mars Pathfinder will be the first spacecraft to touchdown on the planet since the Viking landers in 1976.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/apod/apod_search?Pathfinder (5167 words)

	Mars Pathfinder Mission
		The Mars Pathfinder was launched in December 1996 on a Delta II rocket.
		The rocky plain that Mars Pathfinder is landing on is thought to be a previous flood plain.
		The Mars Pathfinder is a NASA Discovery Mission.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour.cgi/headline_universe/path.html (275 words)

	DISCOVERY ::: MISSIONS ::: PATHFINDER
		Launched on December 4, 1996, Mars Pathfinder demonstrated a number of innovative, economical, and highly effective approaches to spacecraft and planetary mission design.
		Pathfinder arrived on Mars on July 4, 1997, slowed in its descent by a system of parachutes and retro-rockets, falling freely the last few hundred feet, and bouncing on its inflated airbags over the Martian surface like a basketball.
		Mars Pathfinder was managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA.
	discovery.nasa.gov /pathfinder.html (275 words)

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