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Topic: Mars Polar Lander

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	Mars Polar Lander
		The Mars Polar Lander was to touch down on the southern polar layered terrain, between 73 S and 76 S, less than 1000 km from the south pole, near the edge of the carbon dioxide ice cap in Mars' late southern spring.
		During cruise, the lander is attached to the cruise stage and enclosed in the 2.4 meter diameter aeroshell.
		Mars Polar Lander spacecraft on the Martian surface in the South Polar Region.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/msur98.htm (1752 words)

	Mars Polar Lander
		Mars landing was planned for December 3, 1999, with the end of the primary mission by February 29, 2000.
		After it dies, the lander would spend the next year frozen in the Martian south seasonal carbon dioxide polar cap at a temperature of -125 °C. There was a faint possibility that the lander would revive itself when the spring sun returns in 2001.
		Mars Polar Lander was to land near the south pole of Mars on December 3, 1999, and conduct conduct a three month mission, trenching near its landing site and testing for the presense of frozen water and carbon dioxide.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/marander.htm (2058 words)

	Mars Polar Lander
		Mars Polar Lander is currently 18.8 million kilometers (11.7 million miles) from Mars, approaching the planet at a speed of 4.8 kilometers per second (10,740 miles per hour) relative to the planet.
		Mars Polar Lander is currently 23.6 million kilometers (14.7 million miles) from Mars, approaching the planet at a speed of 4.6 kilometers per second (10,300 miles per hour) relative to the planet.
		Mars Polar Lander Fairing Fitting On The Delta II Rocket The Mars Polar Lander spacecraft was launched on a Delta II rocket on January 3, 1999.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/marspol.html (10354 words)

	Mars Polar Lander set for arrival
		The lander mission is the second installment in NASA's long- term program of robotic exploration of Mars, which was initiated with the 1996 launches of the currently orbiting Mars Global Surveyor and the Mars Pathfinder lander and rover, and included the recently lost Mars Climate Orbiter.
		Mars Polar Lander will advance our understanding of Mars' current water resources by digging into the enigmatic layered terrain near one of its poles for the first time.
		Polar Lander carries a pair of basketball-sized microprobes that will be released as the lander approaches Mars and dive toward the planet's surface, penetrating up to about 1 meter (3 feet) underground to test 10 new technologies, including a science instrument to search for traces of water ice.
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast30nov99_2.htm (1547 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
		Mars Polar Lander was an ambitious mission to set a spacecraft down on the frigid terrain near the edge of Mars' south polar cap and dig for water ice with a robotic arm.
		Piggybacking on the lander were two small probes called Deep Space 2 designed to impact the Martian surface to test new technologies.
		Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2 were lost at arrival December 3, 1999.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/marspolarlander-deepspace2.html (122 words)

	New Science: Mars Polar Lander (12/03/99)
		At 2:15 CST today, the Mars Polar Lander landed on a gentle, rolling plain near the Martian south pole.
		In a complex series of maneuvers the spacecraft entered the atmosphere of Mars slowed by a protective case, called an aeroshell, and a parachute like that used by the Mars Pathfinder.
		A better understanding of the Mars climate will also help us to understand the environment in which life did-or did not-develop on Mars and thus about the potential for life elsewhere in the universe.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /News/1999/News-MarsPolarLander.asp (779 words)

	Wreckage of Mars probe possibly located - Return to the Red Planet - MSNBC.com
		A re-examination of images of the surface of Mars taken after the Polar Lander’s disappearance shows a distinct white patch that could be a parachute.
		Polar Lander's disappearance was a blow to NASA, which had lost the lander’s $125 million sibling spacecraft, the Mars Climate Orbiter, three months earlier.
		The lander and orbiter were designed to study and analyze Mars’ atmosphere and search for signs of frozen water beneath its south pole.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/7753337 (696 words)

	CNN - Mars Polar Lander probe silent for second night - December 5, 1999
		The lander's primary task in its 90-day mission is to search for signs of water, considered a prerequisite for life.
		The embarrassing September 23 loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter, the lander's $125 million sibling spacecraft, is not far from the minds of JPL crews.
		The lander's mission has come under scrutiny because the same organizations and people who flew the orbiter were behind the latest mission.
	archives.cnn.com /1999/TECH/space/12/05/mars.lander.02 (565 words)

	SPACE.com -- Whatever Happened to Mars Polar Lander? U.S. Spy Agencies Might Know
		On December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander was plunging through Mars' atmosphere, headed for a soft landing on the planet's south polar region.
		Attached to the Mars Polar Lander were a pair of small hitchhiking devices, the Deep Space 2 Mars Microprobes -- Scott and Amundsen -- which were to be ejected at high altitude to fall and penetrate beneath the martian surface.
		Mars Polar Lander's job was to focus primarily on Mars' climate and water.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/mars_polar_lander_031222.html (2483 words)

	Aerospace Technology - Mars Polar Lander
		The Mars Surveyor '98 Programme was comprised of two spacecraft launched separately: the Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) launched in 1996, and the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander).
		The MET is comprised of the MET mast, which has three temperature sensors on the 1.4m main mast, a wind sensor at the top of the mast which detects speed and direction, and a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer on the mast, which measures water vapour in the atmosphere as well as other gases.
		During surface operations communications (downlink and uplink) will be via the UHF antenna on the lander to the Mars Climate Surveyor orbiter, which functions as a relay to Earth.
	www.aerospace-technology.com /projects/mars_polar (812 words)

	Exploring Mars - Polar Lander
		The Mars Polar Lander (MPL), sub-mission name, Deep Space 2, was launched from Cape Canaveral on January 3, 1999, with a dual mission operation, the primary goal of which was to test technology, and on the science side, to gain insight into how the Martian climate has evolved and determine the location of water resources.
		They entered the atmosphere without braking, their aero shells protecting them from heat and then shattering upon impact with the south polar surface at 644 kph (400 mph), leaving the probes' forward sections to penetrate several feet into the polar surface, with the aft sections remaining on the surface.
		If the Polar Lander had survived with no malfunctions, it would have operated until its battery ran down, in about 3.5 months, after the landing site enters the Martian winter and its solar panels would have no longer been able to develop sufficient energy from the sun.
	silkscape.com /mars/polander.htm (467 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Nasa to scan Mars for lost probe
		Is the lander lying crippled on the surface of Mars?
		MPL should have landed at the Martian south pole on 3 December to look for signs of water, and even life.
		MPL is too small to be seen from the orbiting probe so the search will focus on finding the lander's 20-metre-long (65-feet) parachute in a specific area a few kilometres square in area.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/564613.stm (384 words)

	The Slab - Mars Polar Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Since the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter in September of this year, pressure from government, media and the public has been building on the staff at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California.
		The Mars Polar Lander will touch down in an area 78 degrees south of the Martian equator using a set of twelve miniature rockets to slow its descent.
		The probes, which were developed with the assistance of the United States military, are on the polar lander mission primarily to trial new technology, but will be searching for water ice in the martian subsoil and monitor weather conditions.
	www.abc.net.au /science/slab/mars3/default.htm (1336 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Image may be Mars Polar Lander
		It is thought that as the $165m robot approached the ground, its onboard systems confused the jolt from the deployment of a landing leg with ground contact.
		Mars Global Surveyor will go back to the "candidate" and re-image it using a technique that should achieve a resolution of 0.5m per pixel.
		MPL's disappearance in 1999 was the second of two quick blows to Nasa's Mars programme.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4522291.stm (542 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mars Spacecraft Mission controllers for NASA's Mars Polar Lander acknowledge that they hold out very little hope of communicating with the spacecraft, but they vow to learn from the experience and continue exploring the red planet.
		On October 30, the spacecraft fired its thrusters for 12 seconds to fine-tune its path for arrival at the Martian south pole on December 3.
		The microprobes are piggybacking to Mars on board the 1998 Mars Polar Lander Spacecraft which was launched on a McDonnell Douglas Med-Lite (Delta II 7425 configuration) in January, 1999.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /ltc/mars/polar.html (574 words)

	MarsNews.com - Mars Polar Lander
		The cruise stage of the Polar Lander contained the two Deep Space 2 Microprobes, "Amundsen and Scott" (named for the South polar explorers of Earth) The lander and microprobes were in excellent health during launch and the nine-month transit to Mars.
		As the Polar Lander separated from its cruise stage in preparation of entering the Martian atmosphere and landing, the two probes presumably detached and impacted the ground.
		The ill-fated Mars Polar Lander, last heard from on Dec. 3, 1999, as it started a descent to the surface of the Red Planet, may be lying crippled in a huge crater, the chief mission scientist said on Thursday.
	www.marsnews.com /missions/polarlander (9656 words)

	Mars Polar Lander
		Mars Polar Lander was successfully launched on January 3, 1999 by a Delta II 7425, and was scheduled land near the South polar region of Mars, in the layered terrain, on December 3, 1999.
		Mars Surveyor Lander 1998 carried two small penetrators, which were to impact to a depth of about 2 meters into the Martian soil, and acquire data from that depth.
		The reason for MPL's silence are unknown, at least at this time, but there is some evidence that because of a programming flaw, the onboard computer terminated braking ignition early so that the spacecraft may have crashed on Mars.
	www.seds.org /~spider/spider/Mars/ms98mpl.html (405 words)

	More telescopes join the search for Mars Polar Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mars is presently about 300 million kilometers (181 million miles) from Earth.
		Mars Polar Lander is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.
		After receiving weak signals that may have come from Mars Polar Lander on Dec. 18 and Jan. 4, Stanford radio astronomers are again listening for murmurs from the missing spacecraft.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast01feb_1.htm (470 words)

	Exploring Mars: Mars Polar Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		EST on 3 January 1999, NASA's Mars Polar Lander successfully began its 11 month flight to the Red Planet.
		The lander, sitting atop a Boeing Delta II launch vehicle, lifted off from Cape Canaveral Air Station's Launch Complex 17B and quickly disappeared into the clouds.
		The solar-powered spacecraft was scheduled to land on December 3, 1999 near the northern-most boundary of Mars' south polar cap, but communication with the lander was never re-established after it entered the Martian atmosphere.
	www.exploringmars.com /missions/mpl (121 words)

	Online NewsHour: Mars Polar Lander -- December 2, 1999
		JEFFREY KAYE: As the Lander's instruments go to work, yet another experiment should be under way: Two probes that hitched a ride aboard the spacecraft should be collecting data from underground.
		Communications between the Mars Polar Lander and Earth have been complicated by the loss of another spacecraft, the Mars Climate Orbiter.
		In September, the Orbiter, which was supposed to have served as a communications relay between the Lander and Earth, was lost in space.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/science/july-dec99/mars_lander_12-2.html (2091 words)

	Online NewsHour -- The Mars Polar Lander
		REALAUDIO: A project scientist for the Mars Polar Lander details the latest attempt to contact the missing spacecraft.
		NASA scientists hope for contact with the Mars Polar lander sometime Friday night or over the weekend.
		Jeffrey Kaye reports on the Mars Polar Lander's mission to the Red Planet.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/science/mars_polar_lander/index.html (141 words)

	Mars Polar Lander - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mars Polar Lander was to touch down on the southern polar layered terrain, between 73°S and 76°S in a region called Planum Australe, less than 1000 km from the south pole, near the edge of the carbon dioxide ice cap in Mars' late southern spring.
		Failed and Cancelled missions to the Planet Mars
		This page was last modified 01:11, 3 December 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander (1812 words)

	Mars Polar Lander Official Website
		See here for the latest status of the Mars Polar Lander.
		We wish to thank the corporations which are participating in the Mars Polar Lander mission.
		For questions or comments on this website please refer to our list of contacts.
	lunar.ksc.nasa.gov /mars/msp98/lander (119 words)

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