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Topic: Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander

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	Encyclopedia: Mars (planet) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky.
		Mars has only a quarter the surface area of the Earth and only 1/10th the mass (though because it lacks oceans the area of Mars' accessible dry land is approximately equal to that of the Earth's dry land).
		The datum for Mars is defined by the fourth-degree and fourth-order spherical harmonic gravity field, with the zero altitude defined by the 610.5 Pa (6.105 mbar) atmospheric pressure surface (approximately 0.6% of Earth's) at a temperature of 273.01 K. This pressure and temperature correspond to the triple point of water.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mars-(planet) (2596 words)

	Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander was a planned NASA Mars probe which was cancelled in May 2000 in the wake of the failures of the Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander missions in late 1999.
		The Lander's companion spacecraft Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter, renamed 2001 Mars Odyssey, was launched and went into orbit about Mars on October 24, 2001.
		Prior to mission cancellation, cost overruns and technical problems caused the Lander design to be rescoped, and the planned large Athena rover was replaced by a small rover duplicating the Sojourner which was a part of the Mars Pathfinder mission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001_Lander (202 words)

	Mars 2001 Landing Site Choice Reduced To Two
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander was originally intended to be the first mission designed to collect samples of Martian rocks and soil for later return to Earth -- with the samples being selected by the "Athena" rover that would have had a range of several kilometers.
		The main purpose of the 2001 Lander, as I say, is to provide as much information as possible on the geological history of early Mars, and in particular on how much liquid water was on its surface and how hospitable the planet might have been for life.
		If the Lander touched down there, it could not only examine these sediments, but obtain spectacular and scientifically important photos and infrared mineral spectra of the dozens of layers of material visible in the Valley's towering walls, which may be ancient lava flows or layers of sedimentary rock or both.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars2001-99b.html (1108 words)

	Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lander's companion spacecraft Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter, renamed (additional info and facts about 2001 Mars Odyssey) 2001 Mars Odyssey, was launched and went into orbit about Mars on October 24, 2001.
		Prior to mission cancellation, cost overruns and technical problems caused the Lander design to be rescoped, and the planned large Athena rover was replaced by a small rover duplicating the Sojourner which was a part of the (additional info and facts about Mars Pathfinder) Mars Pathfinder mission.
		It is expected that the Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) camera and other components built for the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander will be used on the 2007 Mars Scout lander, (additional info and facts about Phoenix) Phoenix.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/mars_surveyor_2001_lander.htm (186 words)

	Mars Odyssey
		Odyssey was launched April 7, 2001, reached Mars on October 24, 2001, and began to map the planet on February 19, 2002.
		Mars Odyssey was originally named the Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter and was intended to have a companion spacecraft known as Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander.
		Subsequently, the name 2001 Mars Odyssey was selected for the orbiter as a specific tribute to the vision of space exploration shown in works by Arthur C. Clarke, including.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/mars_odyssey.html (300 words)

	Mars Polar Lander Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) History
		The Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) onboard the Mars Polar Lander is not the first camera to be used during descent toward the surface of another world--but it is the first for the planet Mars.
		The Mars Polar Lander was launched January 3, 1999, and scheduled to touch down on December 3, 1999, in the south polar region of Mars.
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 lander will be launched in April 2001 and is scheduled to land on Mars in January 2002.
	www.msss.com /mars_images/mardi_mpl/mardi_hardware/history (551 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mars Surveyor 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 project was a two-part Mars exploration mission intended as a follow-up to Mars Surveyor 1998.
		However, the two probes of the 1998 project, Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander, were both lost and in the aftermath, NASA's "better, faster, cheaper" exploration philosophy was re-evaluated, with particular eye on the two 2001 project probes.
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter, renamed 2001 Mars Odyssey, was launched 2001 April 7, reached Mars on 2001 October 24, and after a few months of aerobraking, began mapping the planet on 2002 February 19.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mars-Surveyor-2001 (172 words)

	Mars Exploration/Summary of Mars Missions/Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lander is equipped to study soil and atmospheric chemistry and radiation at the surface.
		The lander will be equipped with a radiation monitor, dust/soil experiment, Mars in-situ propellant production investigation, an experiment to study the radiation environment at the surface, an experiment to measure the toxicity to humans of martian soil and dust, a robotic arm, imaging cameras (including a descent camera), UHF transmitters and antennas, and the rover.
		Lander power is provided by 3 square meters of solar cells and two 12 amp-hour lithium-ion batteries providing approximately 25 to 30 W during the day.
	calspace.ucsd.edu /marsnow/library/mars_exploration/robotic_missions/orbiters/older_missions30.html (1129 words)

	Far West - News (continued)
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander is expected to provide essential insights into how to conduct successful, cost-effective human missions to Mars.
		The lander's primary science goal is to explore the mineralogy of the landing site, near the Martian equator, by taking visible and infrared pictures of the surrounding terrain and deploying a rover similar to Mars Pathfinder's Sojourner.
		Mars Surveyor 2001 is part of the Mars Surveyor Program, a long-term program of Mars exploration managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The laboratory is a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
	www.usc.edu /dept/engineering/TTC/NASA/newsarchives/apr99_surveyor.html (557 words)

	NASA - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter missions were essential to assessing lunar conditions before attempting manned Apollo landings.
		Later, the two Viking probes landed on the surface of Mars and sent color images back to Earth, but perhaps more impressive were the Pioneer and particularly Voyager missions that visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and sent back science and color images from all.
		Since 2001, the orbiting Mars Odyssey has been searching for evidence of past or present water and volcanic activity on the red planet.
	open-encyclopedia.com /NASA (1720 words)

	MATE for 2001 Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lander is is scheduled to launch in April 2001 and arrive on Mars in January of 2002.
		MATE is the Mars Array Technology Experiment, and its primary goal is to determine the optimum solar cell type for future missions.
		Preliminary spectral data from Mars Pathfinder and Viking have shown that the sunlight on Mars varies with dust content and tends to lose the blue part of the spectrum.
	powerweb.lerc.nasa.gov /pvsee/publications/wcpec2/mate2001.html (2295 words)

	Planned Planetary Missions
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter is scheduled for launch on March 30, 2001.
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander is scheduled for launch on April 10, 2001.
		The UK Mars lander Beagle-2 was considered sufficently mature, both technically and financially, to commence Phase C/D in January 2000.
	apollo-society.org /planned_planetary_missions.html (1705 words)

	The Mars Society - New York Chapter
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander is scheduled for launch on April 10, 2001, and will land on Mars on Jan. 22, 2002.
		The 2001 Lander will also be a platform for instruments and technology experiments designed to provide key insights to decisions regarding successful and cost-effective human missions to Mars.
		Mars Polar Lander's meteorology sensor package was powered on for its second in-flight calibration and health check on Monday (Mar. 1) of this week.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hall/7030/ms_ny (1132 words)

	Mars-2001 Press Release
		Under the new internal NASA agreement, the 2001 Lander will now also be a platform for instruments and technology experiments designed to provide key insights to decisions regarding successful and cost-effective human missions to Mars.
		The 2001 Orbiter will be the first to use the atmosphere of Mars to slow down and directly capture the spacecraft into orbit, in a technique called aerocapture.
		Both of the 2001 missions are part of an ongoing NASA series of robotic Mars exploration spacecraft that began with the launches of the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter and the Mars Pathfinder lander in November and December 1996, respectively.
	www.sff.net /people/geoffrey.landis/Mars2001.htp (650 words)

	CNN - JPL goes back to the drawing board for Mars missions - January 14, 2000
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 is the spitting image of its lost-and-gone-forever predecessor, the Climate Orbiter.
		The Mars Global Surveyor (launched in '96 and not to be confused with the '01 version) continues to train its powerful camera on the projected landing zone, but this needle-in-the-haystack effort is tantamount to an engineering "Hail Mary" pass.
		That is why the man in charge of space science for NASA, Ed Weiler, seems nearly certain of this: The '01 Lander will not fly and, in fact, may not leave the Clean Room at Lockheed Martin's Denver operation in one piece.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/TECH/space/01/17/downlinks (1117 words)

	Dust Accumulation and Removal Technology (DART) Experiment on the Mars 2001 Surveyor Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The DART experiment is designed to quantify dust deposition from the Mars atmosphere, measure the properties of settled dust, measure the effect of dust deposition on the array performance, and test several methods of clearing the dust from the array.
		The Mars Pathfinder lander and its rover, Sojourner, demonstrated that it is possible to operate a mission on the surface of Mars entirely on solar power [1].
		The worst-case scenario is that the lander must operate during the settling phase of a global dust storm.
	powerweb.grc.nasa.gov /pvsee/publications/wcpec2/dart.html (2969 words)

	NASA - NASA GRC News Release 99-41
		Mars is also very cold, with temperatures near its equator, where the Mars 2001 Lander will be, much like those in Antarctica here on Earth.
		The MIP will be aboard the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander, which is scheduled to launch April 10, 2001, and to land on Mars on January 22, 2002.
		Mars Surveyor 2001 is part of the Mars Surveyor Program, a long-term program of Mars exploration managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. For information about the Glenn Research Center DART and MATE experiments, visit their web site at: http://powerweb.lerc.nasa.gov/pvsee/experiments/2001.html
	www.nasa.gov /centers/glenn/news/pressrel/99_41.html (747 words)

	Planet Mars - Old Exploration Schedule
		The schedule below was underlying Mars Exploration until the old Mars Surveyor program was revised because of the Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander failures in late 1998 and early 1999.
		Mars Surveyor 2001 orbiter is scheduled to be launched between March 7 and March 27, 2001, and to enter Mars orbit between December 10 and 23, 2001.
		The lander was to carry various instruments and experiments, including engeneering experiments to explore possible in-situ resources and utilization technologies; communication via Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter.
	www.seds.org /~spider/Spider/Mars/m-sch-old.html (803 words)

	Mars Exploration--National Geographic Kids Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If I had the chance to go to Mars I would definatley go as it would be very eye opening to see a completely different species.
		Perhaps those "humans" polluted their "Earth" with carbon dioxide, and that may be how Mars became the way it is now.
		I can imagine the life form on MARS would slime over rocks and feed on fine particles of rock that would give them their colour of red.
	www.ngeo.com /ngkids/9707/mars/digest10.html (832 words)

	Cornell News: Mars sundial
		Pictures of the sundial, taken by the lander's panoramic camera after its arrival at Mars in January 2002, will reveal the passage of the hours and seasons as the sun moves across the Martian sky.
		The central fl, gray and white calibration rings are arranged to represent the orbits of Mars and Earth, and red and blue dots show the positions of the planets at the time of the landing in 2002.
		The Pancam is is one of four instruments being developed for the Mars 2001 lander under the leadership of Squyres, a Cornell professor of astronomy, assisted by 20 researchers around the world, including Bell, an assistant professor of astronomy, and a team of about 20 Cornell undergraduates and staff.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/April99/Sundial.Apex.Nasa.html (960 words)

	2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The 2001 Mars Odyssey is the remaining part of the Mars Surveyor 2001 Project, which originally consisted of two separately launched missions, The Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter and the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander.
		The orbiter, renamed the 2001 Mars Odyssey, will nominally orbit Mars for three years, with the objective of conducting a detailed mineralogical analysis of the planet's surface from orbit and measuring the radiation environment.
		The mission has as its primary science goals to gather data to help determine whether the environment on Mars was ever conducive to life, to characterize the climate and geology of Mars, and to study potential radiation hazards to possible future astronaut missions.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/odyssey.htm (605 words)

	Salon Technology \| Write your name on Mars
		By visiting the Sign Up For Mars Web site, you can give NASA your name and let space agency officials burn it onto a CD-ROM that will be carried to the Red Planet on the Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander.
		In fact, he's been hearing from kids who don't want their names sent to Mars, but who have been added to the CD by "overzealous uncles." Some kids are afraid that the CD will be used by Martians to compile an invasion hit list.
		The Mars 2001 Lander is part of NASA's new philosophy of "Faster, Better, Cheaper," which attempts to generate maximum scientific returns at a minimum of cost.
	www.salon.com /tech/log/1999/05/10/mars (511 words)

	Mars Rock Fest Ends In Two Choices
		At the June Mars 2001 landing zone workshop, it became clear that many scientifically interesting sites -- including those at Valles Marineris and White Rock -- were simply too rugged for their science benefit to be worth the landing risk, despite the 2001 Lander's greater accuracy at navigating.
		It is bounded on the west by Syrtis Major -- the great triangular plain of dark volcanic rock that is one of Mars' most conspicuous features -- and on the south by Mars' ancient southern highlands, which were pushed up by the impact to form a curving range called the Libia Montes.
		As an added bonus, the towering rim mountains hold promise that the Lander may be able to photograph, on their sides, layers of some of Mars' earliest crustal rocks.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/mars2001-99b1.html (711 words)

	Martian Sundial Designed For 2001 Space Mission Is Unveiled By Bill Nye "The Science Guy"
		Mars Landers Create Opportunity For Web-linked Sundials Around The World (November 21, 2003) -- Herbert Hoover reputedly wanted a car in every garage and a chicken in every pot.
		NASA Experiment Lays Groundwork For 'Living Off The Land' On Mars (March 26, 1999) -- NASA engineers have succeeded in a realm often left to alchemists and magicians -- creating something valuable "out of thin air." In this case, the thin air was a simulated Martian...
		Cornell University Rover To Land On Mars And Explore Martian Highlands In 2001 (November 10, 1997) -- Following a real-life space odyssey to Mars in 2001, a late-model lander and rover, equipped with a Cornell University scientific instrument package called Athena, will roam and study a large...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/1999/04/990422055433.htm (1145 words)

	Squyres discusses CU's new role in 2001 Mars lander mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Following "a lengthy and painful process" by NASA to choose the payload for the 2001 mission, said Squyres, Cornell will be represented on board the lander by a sophisticated instrument called the Pancam/MiniTES (for panoramic camera and miniature thermal emission spectrometer).
		As originally planned for the 2001 landing, the Rover vehicle would have traveled as far as 100 yards a day from the lander, selecting rock samples and analyzing them with its on-board instruments, among them a drill to bore into rocks and Raman and Mössbauer spectrometers to gather mineralogical data.
		The 2001 investigations still will provide valuable geology and geochemistry data, said Squyres, although the research into biological aspects will be more limited than it will be for the 2003 mission.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/98/7.23.98/Squyres.html (475 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: National Environmental Policy Act; Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission
		The Mars Surveyor 2001 (MS 01) mission as proposed in the DEIS originally consisted of the launch and operation of two separate spacecraft--the MS 01 orbiter and the MS 01 lander/rover.
		Events that occurred during the intervening months since publication of the DEIS, including loss of the Mars Polar Lander mission on December 3, 1999, early in the public review period for the DEIS, have resulted in a reevaluation by NASA of the Mars Surveyor 2001 mission.
		At the time of publication of the MS 01 DEIS, the MS 98 orbiter had failed to achieve orbit about Mars and was declared lost; and the MS 98 lander, the Mars Polar Lander, was on its final approach to entry into the atmosphere of Mars.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2000/November/Day-28/i30225.htm (2119 words)

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