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	Mars Polar Lander
		The Mars Surveyor '98 program is comprised of two spacecraft launched separately, the Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) and the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander).
		The Mars Polar Lander was to touch down on the southern polar layered terrain, between 73 S and 76 S, less than 1000 km from the south pole, near the edge of the carbon dioxide ice cap in Mars' late southern spring.
		Mars Polar Lander spacecraft on the Martian surface in the South Polar Region.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/msur98.htm (1752 words)

	Mission to Mars
		Its spacecraft was a near-twin of the Mars Polar Lander.
		Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO) was a weather satellite that was designed to monitor the daily and seasonal weather patterns on Mars.
		MGS achievements include a detailed global topographic map of Mars; global models of the Martian crust; evidence that Mars once had a magnetic field which is lacking today; the discovery of hematite deposits; information about the role of wind and dust in the Martian climate; and possible evidence for recent liquid water on Mars.
	athena.cornell.edu /mars_facts/past_missions_90s.html (4447 words)

	Mars Climate Orbiter
		The Mars Climate Orbiter was destroyed when a navigation error caused it to miss its target altiude at Mars by 80 to 90 km, instead entering the martian atmosphere at an altitude of 57 km during the orbit insertion maneuver.
		The first phase of the mission was to support the Mars Polar Lander from its landing on Mars on 3 December 1999 to the end of the lander primary mission on 29 February 2000.
		At the end of the mapping mission on 15 January 2002, the orbiter was to be placed in a stable orbit and function as a UHF relay for the Mars 2001 mission.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/morb98.htm (1021 words)

	Statement of Dr. Weiler -- 2/11/99 hearing
		Mars ’98 Surveyors: Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on December 11, 1998 and Mars Polar Lander on January 3, 1999; both are part of our on-going program to further characterize and understand the Martian environment.
		The Mars Surveyor '98 program, consisting of an orbiter and lander launched in December and January respectively, is the next generation of spacecraft to be sent on our long-term program to explore Mars.
		The 2001 Mars Surveyor Orbiter/Lander is a partnership between NASA’s Space Science Enterprise and Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise to characterize surface composition and mineralogy, to study dust, soil and radiation conditions and test technologies for producing propellant.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /congress/weiler.html (3913 words)

	Wikinfo \| Mars Climate Orbiter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor '98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander).
		The Mars Climate Orbiter Color Imager (MARCI) was to acquire daily atmospheric weather images and high resolution surface images and the Pressure Modulated Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) was to allow measurement of the atmospheric temperature, water vapor abundance, and dust concentration.
		Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on a Delta 7425 (a Delta II Lite launch vehicle with four strap-on solid rocket boosters and a Star 48 (PAM-D) third stage).
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Mars_Climate_Orbiter (1102 words)

	Mars Surveyor '98 program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mars Surveyor '98 program comprised two spacecraft launched separately, the Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) and the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander); on board the Mars Polar Lander spacecraft were two surface-penetrator probes (Deep Space 2).
		Both spacecraft were launched during the 1998 Mars orbit insertion launch window.
		The Mars Climate Orbiter was part of NASA's 10-year Mars Surveyor Program, which feature launches every 26 months when the Earth and Mars are favorably aligned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Surveyor_'98_program (463 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring the Red Planet - Mars Climate Orbiter - Mars Polar Lander - Deep Space 2 - Mars Surveyor ...
		Mars Climate Orbiter, Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2 all were lost in 1999.
		The NASA program known as Mars Surveyor '98 was built around two companion spacecraft launched separately from Earth -- Mars Climate Orbiter and Mars Polar Lander.
		Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) was a light-weight camera that would have snapped a dozen fl and white wide-angle views of the Martian surface as the lander descended.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Mars/MarsExploration/MarsSurveyor98.html (1831 words)

	Mars Surveyor '98
		The Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on a Delta launch vehicle on December 11, 1998.
		The Mars Polar Lander was to touch down on the southern polar layered terrain, less than 1000 km from the Martian south pole, near the edge of the carbon dioxide ice cap in Mars' late southern spring.
		Apparently, it was never detected during the Mars Polar Lander's pre-launch tests because the leg fold-down procedure was tested by a team separate from the team that tested the craft's behavior during the remainder of the landing sequence.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /HAS/Cirr/EM/8/8.cfm (1327 words)

	SPACE.com -- Two Mars Missions Set For Climax on Friday
		Mars Global Surveyor, which is now orbiting Mars, became the first spacecraft in the program when it was launched in 1996.
		The NASA program is slated to continue to bat spacecraft at Mars at a staccato clip well into the next decade, with missions already scheduled for 2001, 03 and 05.
		Although the Mars Polar Lander will not have a rover like Pathfinder's Sojourner, which quickly became the darling of that mission, the 1,270-pound (576-kilogram) spacecraft carries a handful of scientific instruments to help scientists unravel Mars climate history and its current water resources, thought by some to be fairly abundant.
	www.space.com /news/mars_overview_991129.html (829 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mars Surveyor '98 program is the next generation of spacecraft to be sent to Mars.
		The general science theme for the 1998 Surveyor missions is "Volatiles and Climate History." The Mars 98 orbiter (named the Mars Climate Orbiter) will launch in December 1998 and arrive at Mars 10 months later.
		Upon arrival at Mars, the spacecraft will use a series of aerobraking maneuvers to achieve a stable orbit, and then use atmospheric instruments and cameras to provide detailed information about the surface and climate of Mars.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /mars/background/surveyor98.html (184 words)

	MSP Overview
		Because of the failure of the Mars Observer (MO), NASA planned a new Mars Surveyor Program.
		The Surveyor Program was designed to explore all of the things the MO was suppose to, and a lot more.
		This new program includes the Mars Odyssey 2001 mission which was launched in April 2001.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/mars/exploring/MSP_overview.html (314 words)

	AO 99-OSS-02: Mars Surveyor '98 Mission
		Mars Surveyor '98 is composed of two main elements: Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO) and Mars Polar Lander (MPL).
		The Mars Polar Surveyor carries two single instruments and one integrated payload instrument (these are described in more detail in the PIP at URL http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msp98).
		Members of the Mars Surveyor '98 Science Team will be asked to provide written reviews on the technical feasibility of the proposed investigation with respect to both capabilities of the Mars Surveyor '98 instruments and the investigation already planned by the science team.
	research.hq.nasa.gov /code_s/nra/current/AO-99-OSS-02/sections.html (3596 words)

	Mars Surveyor 98 Home Page
		The general science theme for the 1998 Surveyor missionss is "Volatiles and Climate History." The Mars 98 orbiter will launch in December 1998 and arrive at Mars 10 months later.
		The lander and orbiter missions are both managed by the 1998 Mars Surveyor Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA.
		The 1998 Surveyor spacecraft is being procured from Lockheed Martin Astronautics of Denver, Colorado, via a single system contract for both the lander and orbiter flight systems.
	mars.sgi.com /msp98/msp2.html (250 words)

	Mars Surveyor '98 Lander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mars Surveyor '98 Lander is the companion spacecraft to the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter.
		These goals will be accomplished using a number of scientific instruments, including a Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) instrument package, which is comprised of a robotic arm and attached camera, mast-mounted surface stereo imager and meteorology package, and a gas analyzer.
		The Mars Surveyor '98 Lander is part of NASA's 10-year Mars Surveyor Program, which will feature launches every 26 months when Earth and Mars are favorably aligned.
	www.iki.rssi.ru /solar/eng/msur98.htm (478 words)

	Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter
		The Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter Color Imager (MARCI) will acquire daily atmospheric weather images and high resolution surface images and the Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) will allow measurement of the atmospheric temperature, water vapor abundance, and dust concentration.
		The orbiter will also serve as a data relay satellite for the Mars '98 Lander and other future NASA and international lander missions to Mars.
		The Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter is part of NASA's 10-year Mars Surveyor Program, which will feature launches every 26 months when Earth and Mars are favorably aligned.
	www.etsimo.uniovi.es /solar/span/morb98.htm (313 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A March 28, 2000 NASA Press Release summarizes the report of the Mars Program Independent Assessment Team and possible reasons for the failure of the Mars Polar Lander.
		Mars Polar Lander arrives at Kennedy Space Center - Preparations for launch (press release 1 October 1998).
		The target landing zone for the Mars Polar Lander was an area of rolling plains near the northern edge of the south pole layered terrain at 76 S, 195 W. More images and information on the landing site are available and further information can be found in the NASA Press Release.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1999-001A (1849 words)

	Mars Surveyor 1998 Press Release, 10-30-95
		Known as the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter and the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander, the robotic missions will enable detailed scientific studies of the planet's atmosphere, climate, meteorology and surface volatiles such as water ice and frozen carbon dioxide.
		The lander will be the first mission ever sent to the poles of Mars, where it will settle on terrain that appears to consist of alternating layers of clean and dust-laden ice.
		The Mars '98 Orbiter and Lander are scheduled for separate launches aboard Med-Lite expendable launch vehicles in December 1998 and January 1999, respectively.
	tes.asu.edu /MARS_SURVEYOR/m_98_rel_10_31_95.html (647 words)

	INTER-TECH DATAMOBILE SURVIVES MARS SURVEYOR TEST DROP
		The whole test phase of this key mission component depended on the survival of the disk drive and the integrity of its data recorded during the airborne drop from 11,500 feet.
		The MARS SURVEYOR PROGRAM (MSP) Landing Radar and computer electronics were housed in a cylindrical shell which was catapulted from the aircraft at 11,500 feet.
		Placing a value on data can be tricky, but as this case illustrates, the success of the whole mission and the substantial engineering and dollar investment in it depended on the successful survival of the DATAMOBILE ® drive and its recorded data.
	www.datamobile.com /marshome.htm (404 words)

	Mars Surveyor '98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mars Surveyor '98 program was comprised of two spacecraft launched separately, the Mars Climate Orbiter and the Mars Polar Lander.
		The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, water and carbon dioxide.
		The Mars Climate Orbiter was destroyed when a navigation error caused it to miss its target altitude at Mars by 80-90 kilometers, which meant it instead entered the atmosphere at an altitude of 57 kilometers during the orbit insertion maneuver.
	www.isset.org /earth_to_mars/mars_surveyor98.htm (113 words)

	98 Mars Surveyor Project - Technology Payload (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mars Microprobe Mission, also known as Deep Space 2 (DS2), is the second deep-space technology-validation mission in NASA's New Millennium Program.
		The microprobes, in their protective aeroshells, piggyback aboard the Mars Surveyor 1998 Lander, which launches on a McDonnell Douglas Med-Lite (Delta II) rocket in January 1999.
		On arrival at Mars 11 months later, in December 1999, the Mars Surveyor Lander detaches from the spacecraft and heads toward a soft landing on the surface to complete its mission.
	marsweb.jpl.nasa.gov /msp98/techpay.html (323 words)

	CNN - Search to be called off for Mars orbiter - September 24, 1999
		Richard Cook, center, explains the whereabouts of the Mars Climate Orbiter that is presumed destroyed.
		Climate Orbiter was designed for a Mars weather-watching mission and to relay signals from upcoming lander missions to Earth.
		The steering problem existed for a week before the craft approached Mars, but engineers were unaware of it as Climate Orbiter drew close to the planet.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/space/9909/24/mars.folo/index.html (512 words)

	Sun News - Features - Java Technology and the Mission to Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		NASA has this incredible public outreach program, because they know that they are loved and it's a tremendous public service.
		The data they're collecting through this program is part of a distributed, collaborative network of scientists and engineers, and the ability of Java technology to run on any platform enables a secure, reliable global dialogue within NASA's scientific community.
		Mars mission controllers, Stan Thompson, foreground, and Bill Currie, prepare for the long evening ahead in the Mars Mission Control Room.
	www.sun.com /aboutsun/media/features/mars.html (2036 words)

	Mars Polar Lander (MPL)
		MPL was intended to land on Mars near the south polar cap and, during its descent, deploy two surface penetrators known as the Mars Microprobe Mission.
		All contact with the spacecraft was lost at the point of separation of the lander and multiprobes, a failure subsequently blamed on shortcomings in project management and preflight testing.
		MPL was equipped with cameras, instruments (including a microphone to record the first sounds on the planet), and a robotic arm to sample and analyze the composition of the Martian soil.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/MPL.html (203 words)

	Mars Polar Lander Official Website
		The latest Mars Global Surveyor images of the Martian South Pole are available here.
		The Deep Space 2 microprobes are the first penetrators to be sent to the subsurface of another planet.
		We wish to thank the corporations which are participating in the Mars Polar Lander mission.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /msp98 (178 words)

	The Science Home Page
		On January 3, 2004, one of the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit, landed safely in the Gusev Crater just south of the Martian equator and sent back the first pictures of Mars since the Mars Pathfinder exploit of 1997.
		Under the Mars Surveyor 98 Program, the Mars Polar Lander was launched on January 3, 1999 for a scheduled Mars landing on December 3,1999; and the Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on December 11, 1998, scheduled to achieve Mars orbit on September 23, 1999.
		But the Mars Climate Orbiter was given up for lost by NASA after the satellite had failed to emerge from behind Mars.
	www.geocities.com /tdl.geo/science.html (526 words)

	RedOrbit - Gallery - Mars Polar Lander Spacecraft (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Image of the Mars Polar Lander spacecraft being tested in the lab prior to launch.
		Mars Polar Lander and the attached Deep Space 2 probes were launched on January 3, 1999.
		The spacecraft was to have landed on Mars on December 3, 1999.
	www.redorbit.com.cob-web.org:8888 /images/gallery/mars_polar_lander/69/index.html (148 words)

	NASA sponsors Mars Surveyor '98 logo contest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Designs can include images of the orbiter and lander spacecraft, the planet Mars, the southern polar cap region in which the Mars Surveyor '98 lander will land, or the spacecraft's trajectory from Earth to Mars.
		The Mars Surveyor '98 mission is the next set of spacecraft to be launched to Mars under the auspices of NASA's Mars Surveyor Program.
		The Mars '98 orbiter will be launched Dec. 10, 1998, from Cape Canaveral, FL, and arrive at Mars on Sept. 23, 1999.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/98/98logo.html (505 words)

	Mars Exploration: Home
		NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has begun the final and fastest-paced portion of its "aerobraking" process of using friction with the top of Mars' atmosphere to shrink the spacecraft's orbit.
		NASA's Mars rover Spirit has reached a safe site for the Martian winter, while its twin, Opportunity, is making fast progress toward a destination of its own.
		John Callas, newly named project manager for NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission, is coordinating the work to meet these challenges.
	marsweb.jpl.nasa.gov (477 words)

	Mars Surveyor Menu
		Mars Artwork by Pat Rawlings, on display in virtual gallery by the Challenger Center for Space Science Education.
		Mars Surveyor News From 1995 (Courtesy of the Arizona Mars K-12 Education Program)
		Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter, Lander, and Athena Rover
	tes.asu.edu /newsurveyormenu.html (497 words)

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