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	Mars effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mars effect is a claim that Mars occupies certain positions in the sky more often at the birth of sports champions than at the birth of ordinary people.
		Specifically, the claim is that sports champions are more likely to be born when Mars is in the quadrant of the celestial sphere bounded by the eastern horizon and the upper meridian, known as the fourth quadrant to astrologers.
		Mars is traditionally associated with warriors and athletes, as can be seen in any astrology text, but critics have pointed out the distribution of Mars in the results is anomalous with a long standing astrological tradition and because of this, the Mars effect has been the subject of considerable controversy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_effect (1434 words)

	Is There Really a Mars Effect? by Michele Gauquelin
		In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the Mars effect, replicated and tested by the Comité Para, cannot be considered to be an artifact or a demographic error.
		If it is true, stated Zelen, that the Mars effect is nothing but the consequence of an artifact, then all persons born on the same day and in the same place as the champions ought to have been born in greater numbers at the rise and culmination of Mars.
		Mars effect percentages increase steadily from champions in rank one (lowest) of a citation scale to champions in rank five (highest) (Figure 4).
	www.encosm.net /mars_effect.htm (2470 words)

	Validity of astrology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The expected frequency of Mars appearing within 30 degrees of the ascendant at birth, as determined by Gauquelin's collected data of 24,961 ordinary people, is 17%, and the expected frequency of Mars within 30% of the descendant is 16%.
		A significant 27.2% of the red-haired subjects were born when Mars was within 30 degrees of the ascendent and a negatively significant 9.8% of the red-haired subjects were born when Mars was within 30 degrees of the descendant.
		Critics of the Mars effect complain that his sample was not randomized, and that such non-randomized samples are known for producing anomalous results.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Validity_of_astrology (4612 words)

	Mars Pathfinder - Science Results - Rotational and Orbital Dynamics
		Mars' interior is simply modeled as a core and mantle with a thin crust, similar to Earth.
		Mars' rotation about its' pole causes a signature in the data with a daily minimum when the lander is closest to the Earth.
		The signature also is sensitive to variations in Mars' rotation rate as the mass of the atmosphere increases and decreases as the polar caps are formed in winter and evaporate in spring.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /MPF/science/rotational.html (597 words)

	"Mars Effect" Controversy - A Brief Chronology - Planetos.info
		The U.S. Mars effect study is published in The Skeptical Inquirer, the journal of the Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP).
		The Committee says its own experiment showed no Mars effect and concludes that the effect was due to bias in Gauquelin’s data selection, offering as its main evidence several suggestions for changes in their list of athletes made by Gauquelin to the Committee.
		Replying in “Is the ‘Mars Effect’ Genuine?, ” Paul Kurtz, J. Nienhuys and Ranjit Sandhu contend that Ertel and Irving are begging the question by drawing conclusions from a ratio based on an effect whose existence has not been demonstrated.
	www.planetos.info /marchron.html (1843 words)

	To: All Jan-31-94 02:48AM Subject: Re: Is Gauquelin's Mars effect real? In article +lt;CKF
		These moments of Mars Rise rotate through the day and in the long run they are unrelated to the time of the year.
		When one sees Mars in the direction of the Sun, Mars is in "conjunction", and the actual position of Mars is far away from Earth, five times as far as when Mars is opposite the Sun (as seen from Earth).
		The Dutch skeptics have tried to establish whether the Mars effect might be some spurious correlation caused by a combination of short time basis, seasonal and daily rhythms (that differ for extremely fit people from ordinary people) but nothing came out.
	www.skepticfiles.org /skeptic/marsef18.htm (897 words)

	Mars effect
		The Mars effect is the name given to Michel Gauquelin's astrobiological claim that when Mars is in certain sectors of the sky great athletes are born in numbers indicative of a non-chance correlation.
		The Mars effect in retrospect by J. Nienhuys
		A Brief Chronology of the "Mars Effect" Controversy by Kenneth Irving
	www.skepdic.com /mars.html (312 words)

	The Mars Effect
		Mars is transiting from July 29 to December 6 in the sign of Aquarius and it is retrograde.
		But the Mars in Aquarius is being aspected by Jupiter from Leo hence the benefit Jupiter aspects to a large extent will curtail the mischievous tendencies of the planet.
		Hi, The Mars Effect - is this only effecting indian people and the states of india or it for the whole world.
	www.rediff.com /news/2003/aug/28mars1.htm (656 words)

	Gauquelin and the Mars effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Mars effect hypothesis was first published by the French psychologist Michel Gauquelin in 1955.
		The test determined what remains of the Mars effect when one starts entirely from scratch, without the help of Gauquelin, and the answer is: nothing.
		He said that the Mars effect was stronger among champions that were mentioned in many different sports dictionaries.
	www.skepsis.nl /mars.html (5121 words)

	RealityShifters \| The Mars Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is now the closest it has been to Earth in 60,000 years.
		We feel the effects of the change in the Earths electromagnetic field most keenly at night when we are on the side of the Earth that is closest to Mars.
		The Mars Effect was at its strongest on August 27, 2003, and will gradually fade away as Mars orbital field returns to a position farther away from the Earth.
	realityshifters.com /pages/articles/marseffect.html (1424 words)

	Starteller
		Mars’ cosmic rays emanating from certain positions in the chart disturb the core make-up of the individual partners, in the married life.
		The intensity of the effect due to ‘Mars Dosha’ is felt according to the dispositions of Mars in various aforesaid houses.
		Mars (denoting demon) occupying the 7th house, indirectly indicates the abduction of Sita by the demon Ravana.
	www.starteller.com /terrorist-attacks.html (1157 words)

	Aquamoonlight Astrology - Michel Gauquelin - Mars Effect
		The "Mars Effect" was derived from a study and analysis of more than 2000 eminent athlete's births.
		The outer planets of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are already known to be generational planets and their effect is of such too, so it would be unlikely that they would play any part.
		Mercury by its nature and by the fact that it is always close to the sun is also not hard to understand as not being a part of it.
	www.aquamoonlight.co.uk /gauquelin.html (728 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As soon as her son arrived Deimos and Phebos were, for some reason, heading towards Mars to take orbit around him, so the lonely son was left in the asteriod belt till now waiting for another miracle to happen in order to go and join his brothers.
		Mars Pathfinder will enter the atmosphere of Mars at a very high speed which is about 7 km/s as it will not go in orbit before landing.
		We know that Mars is called the red planet due to its reddish appearance but within a couple of million of years it might have another name, maybe the 5th ringed planet in the Solar System or the "asteriod-like" planet.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /mars/kids/stumpers.html (1314 words)

	Planetos.info - Tenacious "Mars Effect" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This book illustrates an interesting convergence of viewpoints from science, astrology and modern skepticism, all focused on the so-called “Mars effect controversy” which pitted the late Michel Gauquelin (and at times his former wife and research partner Françoise Gauquelin) against three different skeptic groups, one in Belgium, one in the U.S. and one in France.
		The core of the book, and the title piece, is a thorough analysis by Ertel (a professor of psychology at the University of Göttingen) of the tests of Gauquelin’s Mars effect for sports champions done by each of these three groups in the period from 1967 through 1996.
		Ertel sees the Gauquelin planetary effects as evidence of a new and largely unexplored scientific domain; Irving sees it as evidence for some of the fundamental precepts of astrology, though what this might imply for astrology itself is far from clear.
	www.planetos.info /tme.html (232 words)

	[No title]
		The supposed "Mars sector" is based not on the position of Mars with respect to the constellations, but rather on the position of Mars with respect to the earth's horizon, at the location that the birth took place.
		The Mars Effect is at best a rather tiny deviation in the distribution of the positions of Mars in the sky at people's births.
		When Mars is in a wintry position on the ecliptic (wintry= where the sun is in winter), the relevant Mars sectors are short, and in a summer-like position they are long.
	linuxmafia.com /skeptic/newsletters/basis/mars-eff.txt (18396 words)

	York H. Dobyns says (Oct 30, '92): +quot;I'm no fan of the Mars effect: the evidence is qu
		As soon as Gauquelin had reported that planetary effects were stronger with famous than with average athletes (his first observation) any subsequent study testing the replicability of planetary effect was bound to select more excellent individuals from professional samples.
		However, despite unfavorable preconditions a significant overall Mars G% deviation was observed at least for the French skeptics' sample.
		The Dutch skeptics (de Jager, Koppeschaar) had already proclaimed in public to be able to "unmask" (as they said) the Mars effect as an unrecognized artefact caused by seasonal/ diurnal priodicities.
	www.skepticfiles.org /skeptic/marsef17.htm (2020 words)

	ESA - Mars Express - Greenhouse effects... also on other planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The greenhouse effect determines the flow of energy arriving at and leaving from Earth.
		Unfortunately, fossil-fuel combustion and deforestation release large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, strengthening the greenhouse effect.
		However, most scientists agree that Mars was much warmer in the past and even had oceans, which means that the atmosphere was also very different.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMSY02A6BD_0.html (622 words)

	Martian Opposition Effect
		As the Mars Exploration Rover 'Opportunity' descended towards Meridiani Planum on Jan 24, 2004 its parachute cast a shadow on the arid Martian surface.
		Surrounding the shadow is a bright area - an opposition effect caused by shadow hiding by Martian soil grains.
		This image is possibly the first showing an "Atmospheric Optics" effect on another planet.
	www.sundog.clara.co.uk /atoptics/oppmars.htm (117 words)

	Mission to explore effect of Mars' gravity on mammals - MIT News Office
		The goal of the Mars Gravity Biosatellite Program is to send the mice into near-Earth orbit inside a one-meter space ship simulating Mars' gravity, then bring them back to Earth.
		A��view inside the��Mars Gravity Biosatellite, which��will spin to create artificial gravity at the same level as that on Mars (approximately one-third of Earth's) in order to be able to study the effects of Martian-level gravity on mammals.
		Mars Mice: - In 2006 a group of mice-astronauts will orbit Earth inside a spinning spacecraft.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2004/marsgravity-0114.html (542 words)

	No greenhouse effect on Mars - Deccan Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mars Express has previously taken photographs of deep channels that suggest icy glaciers moved across the planet’s surface millions of years ago.
		Early Mars could have kept warm with a blanket of carbon dioxide that would have absorbed and re-radiated heat lost from the surface.
		Astronomers knew that Mars possessed polar ice caps, and measurements by NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor craft found that the caps were a mixture of water and carbon dioxide ices.
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/feb282005/snt2.asp (461 words)

	Correx Archives - CSICOP and the Mars Effect
		If we hadn't organised CSICOP I think there would have been no opposition whatsoever to the paranormal nonsense that was being promoted by the media, and I must say the media are largely responsible for the promotion of this sort of thing because it serves their purposes.
		The Mars Effect is an apparent effect discovered by a man named Michel Gauquelin years ago, a man who had come out against astrology very definitively in many books.
		But then in data searching, and looking over a mass of data, he thought that he found some effect where Mars would be apt to be in certain aspects in the sky more often than chance would dictate when people who had a military future were being born.
	www.abc.net.au /science/correx/archives/randi3.htm (656 words)

	[No title]
		This seemed important because the Mars effect hypothesis holds that persons born during an approximately two-hour period just after Mars has "risen" or during a comparable period after Mars is at upper culmination (zenith), are more likely to become sports champions than persons born during other hours of the day.
		For example, that "the 'Mars effect' only appears in Paris, not in Belgium or in the rest of France." The article concluded: "lf one had a high prior 'belief' that there is a Mars effect, then the Gauquelin data would serve confirm this prior belief.
		If the Mars effect, or any other paranormal hypothesis, should ever be demonstrated using rigorous scientific procedures, there simply is no way in which the small group of individuals involved in CSICOP could ever hope to suppress such evidence.
	linuxmafia.com /pub/skeptic/files-to-classify/crybaby.txt (5181 words)

	Mars Transits
		Under Mars transits, we feel the need for greater activity and assertiveness in the area that is being hit.
		Mars energizes whatever it touches and this is the house of "restrictions" and "psychological problems.
		Mars activates whatever it touches and Saturn is the point in our horoscope where we feel at our weakest and most vulnerable.
	www.bobmarksastrologer.com /transitsMars18.6.htm (2492 words)

	SKEPTIC Bibliography / The Mars Effect A French Test of Over 1000 Sports Champions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The most recent test of M. Gauquelin's "Mars Effect," in which the birth times of sports champions seem correlated with the location of Mars in the sky.
		But they did not observe the agreed-upon protocol strictly (even if there are plausible excuses), and their selection of champions have already been criticized as biased towards the less eminent.
		It does not lay to rest all of the arguments of Mars Effect proponents.
	www.csicop.org /bib/282 (174 words)

	SKEPTIC Bibliography / The Tenacious Mars Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The best book-length defense of the legitimacy of the "Mars Effect" of M. Gauquelin, correlating planetary positions at birth and eminence in certain professions.
		Suitbert Ertel demonstrates an "eminence effect" in the data: the signal of the Mars effect is stronger the more eminent the group of champions.
		This is probably not as indubitable as claimed here, but there might be enough to keep the Mars Effect alive as a real possibility.
	www.csicop.org /bib/283 (152 words)

	[No title]
		The Mars effect has been found in two other studies by skeptics' organisations, one in Belgium and one in France.
		The effect has also been found in a sample analysed by a German researcher named Muller, and in several additional samples studied by the Gauquelins, bringing the total number of replications of the finding to eight (see Ertel, 1992).
		For a summary of the Gauquelins' findings and a description of the debate about their work and the controversy over the "Mars effect," see the article by Ken Irving that is stored (in various forms under filenames that begin with "marscont") at the ftp site (see # 20) in the directory /pub/astrology/New.
	www.humboldt.edu /~cllc/astro/ans010.html (926 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Since you go on to discuss the "Mars effect" affair, you should note that (a) the Gauquelins' own interpretation of the CSICOP "Mars effect" study was published in _SI_, in full (Michel and Francoise Gauquelin, "Star U.S. Sportsmen Display the Mars Effect," _Skeptical Inquirer_ vol.
		Executive Council members apparently are supposed to be reelected every 3 years or so, and the official story is that Rawlins was simply not reelected--and his failure to show up for the meeting was apparently a major reason for this.
		By the way, if either you or Wilson had bothered to read the articles by Patrick Curry and Richard Kammann regarding the "Mars Effect" published in issues 9, 10, and 11 of the _Zetetic Scholar_, you would not have posted such an erroneous article to the net.
	www.ibiblio.org /london/orgfarm/botany/bionet.plants/OLD1/3054 (1633 words)

	Celestial Influences
		The "Mars Effect" refers to the "significant tendency for champion athletes to have been born at the time of either the rise or the upper culmination of the planet Mars." What has the position of Mars in the earth's sky to do with an athlete's prowess?
		However, I do not know that the effect is not there; my skepticism cannot be considered closed-mindedness, any more than a gullible acceptance of astrology should be regarded as openmindedness.
		Yet, Mars and the other planets are drawn to the sun by gravitation, which is just as "mechanismless" as are the other actionat-a-distance forces.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf061/sf061b06.htm (488 words)

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