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	Marshal of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		, Duke of Retz (1522-1602), Marshal of France in 1573
		Frédéric Armand, Duke of Schomberg (1616-1690), Marshal of France in 1675
		Jean-Baptiste Bessières, Duke of Istria (1768-1813), Marshal of France in 1804
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Marshal_of_France (2454 words)

	MARSHAL OF FRANCE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		FrÃ©dÃ©ric Armand, Duke of Schomberg (1616 - 1690), Marshal of France in 1675
		Philippe, Duke of Mouchy (1715 - 1794), Marshal of France in 1775
		Philippe, Marquis of SÃ©gur (1724 - 1801), Marshal of France in 1783
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /Marshal_of_France (4427 words)

	India Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Claude d'Annebaut, (1500-1552), marshal of France in 1538
		François, duke of Montmorency (1520-1563), marshal of France in 1559
		César, duke of Choiseul (1598-1675), marshal of France in 1645
	www.indiaencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Marshal_of_France (2064 words)

	Field Marshal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Philip II of France (reigned 1179 to 1223) first instituted the office of marescallus Franciae and it became one of the greatest offices of the crown.
		The field marshal's special symbol was a baton, famously mentioned by King Louis XVIII of France in a speech to young officers graduating from the Saint-Cyr military academy: "Every one of you carries a marshal's baton in his knapsack; it is up to you to bring it out".
		In the Soviet Union, the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was actually the second-highest rank; Josef Stalin, who had appointed himself an "MSU", subsequently promoted himself to the rank of Generalissimo of the Soviet Union, a rank he and only he was ever appointed to hold.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Field_Marshal (866 words)

	MARSHAL - LoveToKnow Article on MARSHAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The marshal, as a military leader, was originally a subordinate officer, the chief command under the king being held by the constable; but in the 12th century, though still nominally second to the constable, the marshal has come to the forefront as commander of the royal forces and a great officer of state.
		In France, on the other hand, though under Philip Augustus the marshal of France (marescalcus Franciae) appears as commander-in-chief of the forces, care was taken not to allow the office to become descendible; under Francis I. the number of marshals of France was raised to two, under Henry III.
		In England the title of marshal, as applied to an executive officer, survives only in the army, where the provost marshal is chief of the military police in large garrisons and in field forces.
	22.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARSHAL.htm (1112 words)

	Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He gained the rank of Marshal of France (December 19 1643) and soon departed to Alsace to re-organize the "Army of Weimar" (the remnant of the late Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar's troops) which had just sufferred a severe defeat at Tuttlingen (November 24/25, 1643).
		Enghien again came to the front with the army of France, and Turenne's army received substantial re-inforcement with the arrival of a Swedish force and of a contingent from Hesse-Cassel.
		Turenne displayed the personal bravery of a young soldier at (March 28, 1652), the skill and wariness of a veteran general at (April 7), and he practically crushed the civil war in the (July 2) and in the re-occupation of Paris (October 21).
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Henri_de_la_Tour_d'Auvergne,_Vicomte_de_Turenne (2811 words)

	FIELD MARSHAL FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The title of Grand Marshal may also be found in several fraternity organizations, normally held by the head member of the organization.
		"Marshal" and "Marshall" are both common surnames, held by such notable figures as William_Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke, and George_C._Marshall, the United_States_Army_Chief_of_Staff during World_War_II.
		A Marshal is also the name for a law enforcement officer, such as members of the United_States_Marshals_Service, or Sky_marshals who serve as undercover law enforcement onboard commercial aircraft.
	www.gottaorderflowers.com /Field_Marshal (295 words)

	LOUIS AUGUSTE VICTOR BOURMONT - LoveToKnow Article on LOUIS AUGUSTE VICTOR BOURMONT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A year later he was given command of a division of the royal guard; and in 1823 he held an important position in the army which, under the command of the due dAngoulhme, invaded Spain.
		The landing of the French and the capture of Algiers were directed by him with complete success, and he was rewarded with the baton of marshal But the revolution of 1830 put an end to his command, and, refusing to take the oath to Louis Philippe, he was forced to resign.
		In 1832 Marshal Bourmont took part in the rising of the duchesse de Bern, and on its failure retired to Portugal.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOURMONT_LOUIS_AUGUSTE_VICTOR.htm (601 words)

	Vichy France
		This means that the Marshal does not wish decisions that the French Government may be impelled to make in the sole interest of Germany to bear his signature.
		The Marshal declared yesterday (November 19) that he was the living embodiment of France.
		The German pressure upon unoccupied France is growing stronger is indicated by messages from France and by the tone of German propaganda towards the Vichy Government.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWvichy.htm (1840 words)

	The World at War - Petain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Following the German invasion of France in 1940, Pétain - then 84 years old - was recalled to active military service as adviser to the minister of war.
		On June 16, 1940, he succeeded Paul Reynaud as premier of France and soon afterward he asked the Germans for an armistice, which was concluded on June 22.
		On July 2, with the consent of the Germans, he established his government in Vichy in central France, and on July 10 he assumed the title of chief of state, ruling thereafter with dictatorial powers over that portion of France not directly under German control.
	worldatwar.net /biography/p/petain (372 words)

	Search Results for "marshal"
		...Ferdinand, Prussian field marshal, 1721-92, Prussian field marshal, a prince of the house of Brunswick, known as Ferdinand, duke of Brunswick.
		5) Montmorency, Henri, duc de, the younger, 1595-1632, admiral and marshal of France.
		...Montmorency, Henri, duc de, the younger, 1595–1632, admiral and marshal of France, the younger, 1595-1632, admiral and marshal of France; son of the elder Henri de...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=marshal (274 words)

	Vichy France
		The Germans invaded the northern part of France, which became known as the "Occupied Zone." The southern part of France was called the "Free Zone." This zone was located in the town of Vichy, which became the name of their government.
		Between 1942 and July 1944 nearly 76,000 Jews residing in France were deported to concentration camps in the east via transit camps in France.
		We, Marshal of France, Chief of the French State, in consideration of the constitutional law of July 10, 1940,
	personal.monm.edu /cdelre/vichy_france.htm (833 words)

	Marshal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Marshal (more often spelled ''Marshall'') is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society.
		As marshals became betrusted members of the courts of medieval Europe/, the title grew in reputation.
		In the American Old West, Marshals were appointed or elected police officers of small communities, with similar powers and duties to that of a sheriff.
	www.infothis.com /find/Marshal (874 words)

	Constable of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Constable of France (French connétable de France, from Latin comes stabulari for "count of the stables"), as the First Officer of the Crown, was one of the original five Great Officers of the Crown of France (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and chancellor) and Commander in Chief of the army.
		The position was replaced by the Dean of Marshals (Doyen des maréchaux), in reality the most senior Marshal of France in a strictly ceremonial role.
		In doing this he appointed as Constable his younger brother Louis Bonaparte,, and as Vice-Constable, Marshal of the Empire Louis Alexandre Berthier, the French Army Chief of staff and Prince of Neuchatel.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Constable_of_France (684 words)

	King Lear - France
		France's betrothal to Cordelia is met with a cold acceptance.
		Surely France would suggest to Lear that he is making a mountain out of a molehill and would expect him to reassign Cordelia's dowry for the mutual security of their two countries as well as for France's sake as his son-in-law.
		The King of France needs to be at the centre of power in case this happens and this might be the fear and danger requiring his personal return.
	www.geocities.com /geotassie/france.html (934 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Comte Jourdan, Marshal of France, 1762-1833 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Jourdan has one of the longest careers of any of Napoleons Marshals, having served under Lafayette during the American War of Independence and then fighting in the French Revolutionary Wars, and on into the Napoleonic wars, surviving those to serve as governor of Les Invalides and Minister for Foreign Affairs under King Louis-Philippe.
		He became a Marshal in 1804 when he was appointed the commander of the Armee d'Italie which he commanded until September 1805.
		He was recalled to France in 1812 and retired in 1813 but this was not to last long.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/people_jourdan.html (265 words)

	[No title]
		Earl Marshal of Ireland: a title conferred in 1574 upon Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex.
		marshal of the admiralty: an officer of the Court of Admiralty.
		In the English royal household the `Marshal of the ceremonies' is now an official of the Lord Chamberlain's department, ranking below the `Master of the ceremonies'.
	web.mit.edu /adorai/oed/marshal (761 words)

	THE MARSHAL DUKE OF BERWICK (1670- 1734 )
		The Duke of Berwick, James FitzJames, Marshal of France, was born at Moulins in the Bourbonnais, France, on August 21 1670.
		On Nov 24th 1707 the Marshal was made Governor of the Limousin by Louis XIV, and was appointed in May 1708, to command the army of the Rhine under the Elector of Bavaria, and then transferred to Flanders.
		(2) Arabella FitzJames (1672-1762) - a nun in France.
	indigo.ie /~wildgees/duke1.htm (2683 words)

	Marshal General of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The title Marshal General of France was given to signify that the recipient had authority over all "camps and armies of the King" in the days when a Marshal governed only one army usually.
		There were only six in the history of France:
		Source that Biron was Marshal General is Quid.fr; unfortunately source doesn't give years of promotion for them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marshal_General_of_France (116 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 35, EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS: Library of Economics and Liberty
		A marshal of France, commander-in-chief, or vice-admiral, was generally valued at 50,000 livres tournois; a soldier or sailor at five or seven livres.
		In a cartel of 1780 between France and England, a marshal of France, an admiral, etc., were valued at 1,500 livres; simple soldiers and sailors at twenty five livres.
		In 1690 a marshal of France would have been exchanged for 10,000 soldiers; in 1780 no one would have thought of offering sixty soldiers for a marshal.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy426.html (827 words)

	Saxe, Comte de Biography / Biography of Saxe, Comte de Biography Biography
		Hermann Maurice, Comte de Saxe (1696-1750), was a marshal of France.
		Maurice de Saxe who is known as Marshal Saxe, was born in Dresden on Oct. 28, 1696, the first of the 354 acknowledged illegitimate children of Augustus II, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
		In 1743, made marshal of France, Saxe was placed in command of an army assembling at Dunkirk for a proposed invasion of England.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-saxe-comte-de/index.html (632 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Bio: Marshal Ferdinand Foch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was born in the city of Tarbes, France and was the son of a lawyer.
		Ferdinand was the commander in chief of the Allied armies in France.
		Ferdinand was eventually given unified command of all the Allied troops in France.
	www.worldwar1.com /biocfoch.htm (347 words)

	Articles - Field Marshal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The rank of Grand Marshal is another title which has appeared in some science fiction sources and also rarely in the militaries of actual countries.
		"Marshal" and "Marshall" are both common surnames, held by such notable figures as William Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke, and George C. Marshall, the United States Army Chief of Staff during World War II.
		A Marshal is also the name for a law enforcement officer, such as members of the United States Marshals Service, or Sky marshals who serve as undercover law enforcement onboard commercial aircraft.
	lastring.com /articles/Field_Marshal?mySession=5f5173f280de09d8fadb6... (453 words)

	AllRefer.com - Broglie (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Victor Maurice, comte de Broglie, 1647–1727, was marshal of France and fought in the wars of King Louis XIV.
		His son FranCois Marie, duc de Broglie, 1671–1745, marshal of France, fought at Malplaquet (1709), in the War of the Polish Succession, and in the War of the Austrian Succession.
		King Louis XV conferred on him the ducal title inherited by his son Victor FranCois, duc de Broglie, 1718–1804, marshal of France, who distinguished himself in the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years War.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Broglie-fam.html (466 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Hubert Lyautey
		General Hubert Lyautey (1854-1934), a colonial administrator and Marshal of France, played a key role in bringing down Aristide Briand's wartime coalition government in 1917 over his disagreement with cabinet support for French Commander in Chief Robert Nivelle's doomed 'Nivelle Offensive'.
		Lyautey's appointment coincided with the effective dismissal, tactfully managed, of Commander in Chief Joseph Joffre (who was made a Marshal of France the same day in compensation).
		Appointed to the French Academy in 1912 and made a Marshal of France in 1921, Hubert Lyautey died in Thorey on 21 July 1934 at the age of 79.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/lyautey.htm (392 words)

	Extraordinary Popular Delusions And The Madness Of Crowds -- Chapter 37 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the greatest encouragers of alchymy in the fifteenth century was Gilles de Laval, Lord of Rays and a Marshal of France.
		He distinguished himself greatly in the wars of Charles VII, and was rewarded by that monarch with the dignity of a marshal of France.
		In the course of a very few years, the reckless extravagance of the Marshal drained him of all his funds, and he was obliged to put up some of his estates for sale.
	www.litrix.com /madraven/madne037.htm (2825 words)

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		Louis Alexandre Berthier, prince de Neuchatel (February 20, 1753 - June 1, 1815), marshal of France and chief of the staff under Napoleon I, was born at Versailles.
		As a boy he was instructed in the military art by his father, an officer of the Corps de genie, and at the age of seventeen he entered the army, serving successively in the staff, the engineers and the prince de Lambesq's dragoons.
		He was with Napoleon in Russia in 1812, Germany in 1813, and France in 1814, fulfilling, till the fall of the empire, the functions of "major-general" of the Grande Armée.
	www.soldiers-russia.com /new_soldiers/1812/berthier.htm (700 words)

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