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Topic: Marsi (Germanic)

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	Germanic tribes - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Germanic tribes spoke mutually intelligible dialects and shared a common mythology (see Germanic mythology) and storytelling as testified by, for example, Beowulf and the Volsunga saga.
		The wars against the Cimbri and Teutoni whose military incursion into Roman Italy was thrust back in 101 BC were written up by Caesar and others as historical prototypes of a Northern danger for the Empire to be controlled.
		The concept of "Germanic" as a distinct ethnic identity was hinted at by the early Greek geographer Strabo [1] (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198;query=section%3D%2341;chunk=section;layout=;loc=7.1.1), who distinguished a barbarian group in northern Europe similar to, but not part of, the Celts.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Teuton (1823 words)

	Germany, by Tacitus: Footnotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The cattle of some parts of Germany are at present remarkably large; so that their former smallness must have rather been owing to want of care in feeding them and protecting them from the inclemencies of winter, and in improving the breed by mixtures, than to the nature of the climate.
		The chastity of the Germans, and their strict regard to the laws of marriage, are witnessed by all their ancient codes of law.
		The Germans had a great regard for the hair, and looked upon cutting it off as a heavy disgrace; so that this was made a punishment for certain crimes, and was resented as an injury if practised upon an innocent person.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/tgr/tgr47.htm (13725 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : West Germanic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as English, Dutch, and German.
		During the Middle Ages, the West Germanic languages were separated by the insular development of Middle English on one hand, and by the second Germanic sound shift on the continent on the other.
		The linguistic contact of the Viking settlers of the Danelaw with the Anglo-Saxons left traces in the English language, and is suspected to have facilitated the collapse of Old English grammar that resulted in Middle English from the 12th century.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /West_Germanic_languages (393 words)

	Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In secret, he forged an alliance of Germanic tribes that had traditionally been enemies (the Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri), but which he was able to unite due to outrage over Varus' arrogant style of governing the nascent province.
		While Varus was on his way from his summer camp to the winter headquarters near the Rhine, he heard reports of a local rebellion, fabricated by Arminius.
		The legacy of the Germanic victory was resurrected with the recovery of the histories of Tacitus in the 15th century, when the figure of Arminius, rechristened "Hermann" by Martin Luther, became a nationalistic symbol of a of Pan Germanism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest (1854 words)

	Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In secret, he forged an alliance of Germanic tribes that had traditionally been enemies (the Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri), but which he was able to unite due to outrage over Varus' arrogant style of governing the province.
		Due to the actual nature of the battle, the lack of a written German language at the time, and the lack of Roman survivors it has long been realised that contemporary reports are almost all hearsay.
		The legacy of the Germanic victory was resurrected in the 19th century as a symbol of German nationalism and pride.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest (1260 words)

	[No title]
		Arminius (born 16 BC – died 21 AD) was a war chief of the Germanic tribe of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
		In 15, Germanicus again raided Germanic settlements and captured Arminius' wife Thusnelda who was delivered to the Romans by her own father Segestes as an act of revenge on Arminius.
		In Germany, he was rechristened "Hermann" by Martin Luther, and he became an emblem of the revival of German patriotism fuelled by the wars of Napoleon in the 19th century.
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=Arminius (1155 words)

	The Varus Battle (Clades Variana) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This caused anger among the Germanic tribes who preferred to settle their problems among themselves and not by invaders like the Romans, so it was no surprise that an anti-Roman faction evolved.
		How many of the Germanic warriors fell is not known as they most likely have buried them properly shortly after the battle, only the corpses of around 20,000 Romans remained lying on the battlefield until Germanicus found them six years later.
		The Germanic warriors were not as well armed as the Romans and therefore had a chance only at a guerrilla attack.
	www.societasviaromana.org /Collegium_Militarium/thevarsusbattle.php (2052 words)

	Northvegr - Grimm's TM - Chap. 15
		In the German battle-song the praise of Hercules is sounded first, victims are slain to him as to the highest gods, to him a wood is consecrated.
		The position of Herculis silva and columnae does not indeed agree with that of the Herminones, but the worship of such a hero was sure to spread far and not to be confined to the particular race to which he gave his name.
		In the German Irman, Irmin, it seems correct for the aspirate to be wanting, as in Arminius; in Cherusci it is indispensible, and therefore the Romans never wrote Herusci.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/grimmst/015_08.php (1118 words)

	The Middle Ages: Church and State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The oftener the Germans came in contact with the Romans the more amenable they became to foreign influence, which could not very well be otherwise, since Roman culture and technique was in all respects superior to the German.
		The Roman armies were thoroughly permeated by Germans, so it was inevitable that finally one of them, the German chieftain, Odoacer, in the year 476 pushed the last Rosnan emperor from his throne and had himself proclaimed emperor by his soldiers.
		The popular assembly, the most important institution of the Germanic tribes, where all public affairs were discussed and decided, gradually lost its old character, a change necessitated by the extent of the occupied territory Meanwhile the chiefs and army leaders claimed ever greater prerogatives which logically grew to royal powers.
	flag.blackened.net /rocker/middle.htm (6988 words)

	Primer of Our Ancient
		The Germans are defined as a great ethnic complex of ancient Europe, a basic stock in the composition of the modern peoples of Germany, Switzerland, Austria, N. Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, North and central France, Lowland Scotland and England.
		From archaeology it is clear that the Germans had little ethnic solidarity; by the 7th century B.C. they had begun a division into many peoples.
		The chief historical sources for the culture and distribution of the Germans are Tacitus’ Germania and Agricola and the remnants in later ages of early Germanic institutions.
	www.kisabeth.com /primer_of_our_ancient.htm (1399 words)

	Cesis (Wenden) is second oldest city in Latvia and this weekend 795 year aniversary was celebrated
		Spain were invaded by migrating Germanic tribes, culminating in military conflict with the armies of the
		1950s shifted their interpretations in such a way that the Germanic peoples are no longer seen as invading a decaying empire but as being co-opted into helping defend territory the central government could no longer adequately administer.
		nobility from one of the Germanic tribes is evident in the
	wanclik.free.fr /Cesis.htm (2513 words)

	Cugerni
		Cugerni or Cuberni: Germanic tribe from Germania Inferior, settled by the Romans on the western bank of the Rhine, inhabitants of Xanten.
		If we call these tribes "Germanic", it is only because Caesar had used this word to describe all inhabitants of the east bank of the Rhine.
		In 39 BCE (or a bit later), the Roman general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa resettled the Ubians, a Germanic tribe from the east bank of the Rhine, on the west bank, where they founded Cologne.
	www.livius.org /ct-cz/cugerni/cugerni.html (1162 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Tacitus: Germania
		But whether the Araviscans are derived from the Osians, a nation of Germans passing into Pannonia, or the Osians from the Araviscans removing from thence into Germany, is a matter undecided; since they both still use the language, the same customs and the same laws.
		So that to them alone of all the Germans, commerce is permitted; not barely upon the bank of the Rhine, but more extensively, and even in that glorious colony in the province of Rhoetia.
		Yet they are rather reckoned amongst the Germans, for that they have fixed houses, and carry shields, and prefer travelling on foot, and excel in swiftness.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/tacitus1.html (9535 words)

	The battle in the Teutoburg forest
		Cassius Dio and Velleius Paterculus continue their account of the ambushed army almost identically with the story that there was one fortress in Germania that remained in Roman hands.
		This force reached the Marsi on the Upper Lippe and the Bructeri on the Upper Ems.
		In the year 16, Germanicus built a large fleet that was to be gathered in the country of the Batavians, near modern Nijmegen.
	www.livius.org /te-tg/teutoburg/teutoburg07.html (2178 words)

	Articles - Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In secret, he forged an alliance of Germanic tribes that had traditionally been enemies (the Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri), but which he was able to unite due to outrage over Varus´; arrogant style of governing the nascent province.
		The legacy of the Germanic victory was resurrected with the recovery of the histories of Tacitus in the 15th century, when the figure of Arminius, rechristened "Hermann" by Martin Luther, became a symbol of a new sense of ´´Germanness´´.
		As a symbol of unified German Romantic nationalism in 1875, the ´´Hermannsdenkmal´´ (´´Hermann´s monument´´), a statue paid for largely out of private funds, was erected in Detmold to commemorate the battle; similar statues also exist outside of Germany in German-founded communities including one in New Ulm, Minnesota.
	www.bronzebass.com /articles/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest (1639 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Germanic tribe living in the northwest of Germania, although the exact location of their domain has not been established firmly.
		The Marsi were closely allied with their more powerful neighbors, the Cherusci, aiding them in the defeat of the Roman governor Varus in the Teutoburg Forest in 9
		Tacitus reported that the Marsi had in their possession one of the eagles lost by Varus.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1016 (158 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Local history AD - 800 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		If the "Germanisation" of Middle-Germany was the product of migration of Germanic tribes from Northern Europe, or the progressive development of people, indigenous to the area since the arrival of mankind in Central Europe, or if both these factors contributed, is disputed amongst historians.
		Fact is, the various conflicts of Germanic tribes with the Roman Empire, most noted was the invasion of the Cambers and Teutons in 120 BC, brought Germanic tribes into a greater historical context.
		Caesar deals with his German adventures in “De Bello Gallico”, but the most important historical source about the Germanic tribes, their people, culture, customs and religion, is Tacitus’ Germania (“De origine et situ Germanorum”, “ About the origin and the distribution of the Germans”).
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=3948&PN=1 (1007 words)

	i-Friesland: Tacitus - Characteristics of Germanic people
		The Germans themselves I should regard as aboriginal, and not mixed at all with other races through immigration or intercourse.
		Thus what was the name of a tribe, and not of a race, gradually prevailed, till all called themselves by this self-invented name of Germans, which the conquerors had first employed to inspire terror.
		The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to liken them to the form of any human countenance.
	www.i-friesland.com /Tacitus_traits.htm (4755 words)

	German-American World Historical Society
		Whereas most German immigrants of the 18th century came from the Palatine or Wuerttemberg, states along the Rhine River in the southern and wester regions of the German lands, those in the second wave of immigration came mainly from the north and east-Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony.
		In the years before the Civil War, German newcomers tended to be independent craft smen or farmers and their families, who could afford the cost of passage and could meet the demands of the developing and still largely agricultural states and territories of the United States and Canada.
		Germans contributed substantially to its growth: By 1841, 28 percent of the total population was German; 10 years earlier the figure was only 5 percent.
	www.gawhs.org /germanic2.html (17712 words)

	Arminius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Once Rome had withdrawn behind the Rhine, war broke out between Arminius and Marbod, the other major Germanic leader of the time, who was king of the Marcomanni in modern Bohemia.
		The story of Arminius and his victory might have lived on in Germanic sagas, resulting in the dragon slayer Siegfried of the Nibelungenlied.
		Based on these records, the story of Arminius was revived in the 1500s with the recovery of the histories of Tacitus by German humanists.
	www.sanmateocaus.com /profile/Arminius (1231 words)

	Arminius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He eventually returned to Germany, where the Roman Empire had established control of the territories west of the Rhine and sought to extend its hegemony eastward towards the Elbe river, under the military governor Publius Quinctilius Varus.
		Largely forgotten for centuries except in the accounts of his Roman enemies, some of whom highly respected him for his military leadership skills and as a defender of the liberty of his people, the story of Arminius was revived in the late 19th century as part of the revival of German patriotism.
		While his original Germanic name is unknown, the man now known as Hermann took the Roman name of Arminius and became a Roman military officer.
	www.33beat.com /Arminius.html (547 words)

	[No title]
		The Index, which was not issued for the German book till nine years after the English translation was published, has now been greatly enlarged from its more recent German form, and has been, at the expenditure of no small labour, adapted to the altered paging of the English.
		Thus -aro-, -aratrum- reappear in the old German -aran- (to plough, dialectically -eren-), -erida-, in Slavonian -orati-, -oradlo-, in Lithuanian -arti-, -arimnas-, in Celtic -ar-, -aradar-.
		It is worthy of notice that the name for the sea is common to most of the European stocks--Latins, Celts, Germans, and Slavonians; they must probably therefore before their separation have reached the coast of the Black Sea or of the Caspian.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/0/7/0/10701/10701.txt (13386 words)

	nehaljb
		One of the most prominent Germanic scholars and linguists of the century, the late Edgar Polomé, attributes the etymology of Nerthus to 'neart'- a Celtic word (ditto the famous seer of Tacitus, Veleda- from 'gweled' = 'to see' in Welsh).
		We can hardly consider the Latin derivation of the name unless we stipulate that it is a Latin name for a Germanic goddess, or we assume Nehalennia and her cult were introduced by the Romans (which IS the most probable scenario)- but that is not the case with the 'Suebian Isis'.
		We have seen that the German scholar concludes that the iconography (ie., the dog, the apples, the horn) are Roman in origin, so there is no doubt that the Romans saw this goddess as a Matron.
	marklander.ravenbanner.com /nehaljb.html (1781 words)

	[No title]
		After diplomatic talks, the Germans made requests for land and pay in order that they be enlisted as mercenaries to fight for Rome.
		They were refused, and the Germans felt this was an insult, and attacked and smashed through his army, killing almost all of his army, estimated at about eight legions.
		The Romans charged, breaking the left wing, and when the Germans began to attack the right wing in greater force, P. Licinius Crassus brought the cavalry behind the Germans and drove them off, slaughtering many as they tried to escape.
	www.novaroma.org /camenaeum/RomanTimeline.txt (25003 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Occult Art, Occultism
		Their practice of divination and auguries seems to have been borrowed from the Etruscans and the Marsi; the latter were considered experts in magic even during the empire (Verg., "Æn.", VII, 750, sqq.; Pliny, VII, ii; XXI, xii).
		A more rational view of religion and nature had hardly gained ground, when the Germanic nations entered the Church and brought with them the inclination for magic inherited from centuries of paganism.
		No wonder that during the Middle Ages wizardry was secretly practiced in many places notwithstanding innumerable decrees of the Church on the subject.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11197b.htm (2631 words)

	Tuisto and Mannus
		His son Mannus is supposed to be the fountain-head of their race and himself to have begotten three sons who gave their names to three groups of tribes — the Ingaevones, nearest the sea; the Herminones, in the interior; and the Istaevones, who comprise all the rest.
		Tuisto then, was apparently celebrated by the Germanic tribes as a proto-God, the ultimate ancestor of the people.
		In addition to being born from the earth, celebrated amongst the Germanic tribes as their primeval ancestor, Tacitus also tells us that Tuisto has a son Mannus from whom are descended three major tribes of folk.
	www.ealdriht.org /mannus.html (546 words)

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