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Topic: Marsilius of Padua

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	Encyclopedia: Marsilius of Padua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsilius was, indeed, condemned as a "son of Belial" by
		That is, Marsilius makes statements and then expounds them, referring to authorities in a manner that plainly shows the authorities are being engaged critically, not merely being cited as if their words suffice to prove the point.
		To be fair, there is a sense in which Marsilius may be properly termed a "radical"--the sense in which he advocated the removal of all coercive ability from the spiritual power, the Church, including the normal powers of church discipline such as excommunication.
	www.societaschristiana.com /Encyclopedia/M/Marsilius.html (1488 words)

	Encyclopedia: Marsilius of Padua
		Marsilius was sent by Can Grande della Scala and Matteo Visconti to offer the captaincy of the Ghibelline League to Count Charles of La Marche some time before 1319; but nothing came of this, and Marsilius returned to Paris.
		Marsilius began the first discourse with a quote from Cassiodorus on the importance of tranquility, and then he quoted Job, "Be at peace, and thereby thou shalt have the best fruits."5 He noted also how Jesus and his disciples emphasized peace among themselves and toward others.
		Marsilius believed in divine scripture but held that it should be defined by a general council of believers, and only such a council can dispense with the commands or prohibitions of the divine law.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Marsilius-of-Padua (1415 words)

	MARSILIUS OF PADUA - LoveToKnow Article on MARSILIUS OF PADUA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsilius denies, not only to the pope, but to the bishops and clergy, any coercive jurisdiction or any right to pronounce on their own authority excommunications and interdicts, or in any way to impose the observation of the divine law.
		Having become one of the chief inspirers of the imperial policy, Marsilius accompanied Louis of Bavaria to Italy, where he preached or circulated written attacks against the pope, especially at Milan, and where he came within the sight of the realization of his wildest utopias.
		Marsilius of Padua does not seem to have lived long after 1342.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARSILIUS_OF_PADUA.htm (1031 words)

	Marsilius of Padua
		Marsilius, moreover shows himself a severe and often unjust censor of the abuses of the Roman curia.
		As this condemnation was falling on the head of Marsilius, the culprit was coming to Italy in the emperor's train and he saw his revolutionary ideas being put into practice.
		The influence of the "Defensor pacis" was disastrous, and Marsilius may well be reckoned one of the fathers of the Reformation.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/marsilius_of_padua.html (1514 words)

	Marsilius of Padua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marsilius of Padua (1270 – 1342) was an Italian medieval scholar, born at Padua, and at first studied medicine in his own country.
		Having become one of the chief inspirers of the imperial policy, Marsilius accompanied Louis to Italy, where he preached or circulated written attacks against the pope, especially at Milan, and where he came within the sight of the realization of his wildest utopias.
		To see a king of the Romans crowned emperor at Rome, not by the pope, but by those who claimed to be the delegates of the people (January 17, 1328), to see John XXII.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua (554 words)

	Talk:Marsilius of Padua - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marsilius of Padova (1270 - 1342) was an Italian medieval scholar, born Padua.
		Despite an apparent democratic bent, Marsilius' thought leaned more toward "imperial omnipotence", with religion subservient to the state.
		Marsilius' work was censured by Pope Benedict XII and Pope Clement VI.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Marsilius_of_Padua (387 words)

	Marsilius of Padua. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Little is known with certainty of his life except that he was rector of the Univ. of Paris c.1312.
		When Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV was seeking a theorist to assist him in his struggle with Pope John XXII, Marsilius composed a tract, Defensor pacis [the defender of peace], probably in collaboration with the Averroist John of Jandun.
		Marsilius, however, continued under the emperor’s protection and went in Louis’s train to Rome for his coronation and attended him afterward.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Marsiliu.html (320 words)

	Hulver's site \|\| Marsilius of Padua on why human law is the only law
		Marsilius of Padua divides law into four sense: a sensitive inclination to an action or passion, any exemplar or measure used as a model, divine law concerning rewards and punishments on a future day of judgment, and human law concerning matters of civil justice and benefit.
		Marsilius suggests that people commit many immoral deeds in this world and are not punished by coercive force except where their immoral deeds violate the civil law as well as the divine law.
		The Catholic Encyclopedia has a good entry on Marsilius of Padua that gives some of the historical background, but bear in mind that Marsilius was part of the court of Ludwig of Bavaria who set up an anti-Pope in Rome in opposition to John XXII during the Avignion captivity.
	www.hulver.com /scoop/story/2004/5/3/75633/01376 (1554 words)

	Marsilius of Padua, writing in the 1300’s, was incredibly progressive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsilius separates the ruling and legislative branch from the judicial branch.
		One such vague claim of Marsilius’ is the claim that the state was "assembled for the sake of the sufficient life [of its citizenry]" (Hyman and Walsh 723).
		The meat of Marsilius' tract comes when he claims that society is form to make possible the living of the sufficient life for as many possible citizens.
	www.smcm.edu /Users/rwgrim/evaluation.html (848 words)

	Padua -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Padua was where most of the action in Shakespeare's play, ''The Taming of the Shrew'', took place.
		Saint Anthony of Padua, also venerated as Anthony of Lisbon, particularly in Portugal (August 15, 1195 - June 13, 1231) is a Catholic saint born in Lisbon as Fernando de Bulhões, to a wealthy family.
		Padua also was the first University to graduate a woman, Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia, with a degree in phylosophy, on June 25, 1678.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/111/padua.html (1332 words)

	Marsilius of Padua
		Marsilius was a university teacher in Paris in the early fourteenth century.
		Marsilius argues (I.xvi) that it is better to elect each ruler individually, rather than to elect a ruler to be succeeded by his heirs; e.g., an elective monarchy (as the Roman Empire was) is better than an hereditary monarchy.
		Marsilius is clear that God's law is not enforced 'as such', i.e., as being God's law, by the human community, or by anyone in this world, because God does not wish it to be.
	www.humanities.mq.edu.au /Ockham/y6707.html (3833 words)

	Written biography of Marsilius of Padua \| Life of Marsilius of Padua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was the son of a notary, and he received his early education in Padua, probably completing his arts degree and, perhaps, even a degree in medicine at the university there.
		Marsilius soon moved north to the leading university of his day, the University of Paris, where he became rector in 1313.The years at Paris, first as a student, then as a teacher, were formative for Marsilius.
		Marsilius was appointed vicar of Rome, a position in which he persecuted those members of the Roman clergy who remained faithful to John XXII.When Louis was forced to return to Germany, Marsilius accompanied him.
	www.newessay.com /biographies/Marsilius_of_Padua-32197.html (312 words)

	April 3: Marsilius' book was important to future
		Marsilius of Padua denounced the papacy, blaming the popes for the miseries of Italy.
		In all this, Marsilius assumed that the scriptures alone are the rule of faith.
		Marsilius proved a tyrant, vigorously persecuting those clergy who remained loyal to John, and proving that the checks and balances he called for were needed on him, too.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2001/04/daily-04-03-2001.shtml (582 words)

	Marsilius of Padua (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsilius of Padua (1270 —; 1342) was an Italian medieval scholar, born at Padua, and at first studiedmedicine in his own country.
		Havingbecome one of the chief inspirers of the imperial policy, Marsilius accompanied Louis to Italy, where he preached or circulatedwritten attacks against the pope, especially at Milan, and where he came within the sightof the realization of his wildest utopias.
		To see a king of the Romans crowned emperor at Rome, not by the pope, but by those whoclaimed to be the delegates of the people (January 17, 1328), to see John XXII.
	www.therfcc.org /marsilius-of-padua-55783.html (445 words)

	Padua
		The Univ. of Padua, the oldest in Italy after that of Bologna, was founded in 1222 by teachers and students who had fled from Bologna.
		Saint Anthony of Padua - Anthony of Padua, Saint, 1195–1231, Portuguese Franciscan, Doctor of the Church, b.
		Marsilius of Padua - Marsilius of Padua, d.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0837260.html (349 words)

	Defensor pacis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was written by Marsilius of Padua ("Marsiligio"), an Italian medieval scholar, in collaboration with the philosopher John of Jandun.
		Marsilius denies, not only to the pope, but to the bishops and clergy, any coercive jurisdiction or any right to pronounce in temporal matters.
		Marsiligio of Padua, "Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324", Excerpts from Defensor Pacis, Part III, ch.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defensor_pacis (535 words)

	Marsilius of Padua: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsilius of Padua (1270—; 1342) was an Italian medieval scholar, born at Padua (Padua: A city in Veneto), and at first studied medicine in his own country.
		After practising various professions, among others that of a soldier, he went to Paris (Paris: The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) about 1311.
		In recompense for his services, he seems to have been appointed archbishop of Milan (archbishop of Milan: the roman catholic archdiocese of milan is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/marsilius_of_padua (409 words)

	Padua -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		List of statements made by Marsilius (Marsiligio) of Padua and John of Jandun, found to be heretical by Pope John XXII, who condemned the two as heresiarchs (chief advocators of heresy) in 1327.
		Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
		Conclusions from the political treatise of Marsilius (Marsiligio) of Padua concerning the relationship between the medieval church and state, in which Marsilius states, contrary to the view commonly held during the Middle Ages, that the state is supreme and has the right to control the church.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057954 (737 words)

	Electric Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marsiulius of Padua (1270-1343) was an eloquent defender of the rights of the emperor against the claims of the papacy.
		The State is to be ruled by a hereditary prince and the laws are made not by the whole people but by the better class, whose natural role is to legislate.
		But Marsilius is careful to insist that ultimate power belongs to the entire citizenry, for it is this that justifies rebellion when the State is ruled by an evil prince.
	www.idbsu.edu /courses/hy309/politics/intro2b.htm (404 words)

	Defender of Peace: The Defensor pacis. Harper Torchbooks 1310 - MARSILIUS OF PADUA [= MARSILIUS DEI MAINARDINI] ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Harper Torchbooks 1310 - MARSILIUS OF PADUA [= MARSILIUS DEI MAINARDINI] (1275?-1342?)
		MARSILIUS OF PADUA [= MARSILIUS DEI MAINARDINI] (1275?-1342?) Defender of Peace: The Defensor pacis.
		Born in Padua, Marsilius completed his medical studies at the University of Paris, where he became rector in 1312; subsequently he studied theology and completed in 1324 his one notable work, _Defensor pacis_, which influenced political thought for centuries.
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/gac/081121.shtml (208 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Marsiligio of Padua: Conclusions from Defensor Pacis, 1324
		The elective monarchy is the form of government preferred by Marsilius, whose ideal state thus corresponds in theory with the holy Roman empire.
		Marsilius attacks the Petrine theory and the whole papal structure.
		Marsilius maintains that coercive power and coercive judgments are the prerogatives of the state and cannot be exercised by the church.]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/marsiglio1.html (1633 words)

	Padua -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Padua was heavily bombed in World War II but was rebuilt.
		The University of Padua (1222), the second oldest in Italy (after Bologna), had Galileo among its teachers and Dante, Petrarch, and Tasso among its students.
		Padua's botanical garden (1545) is the oldest in Europe.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9374354 (784 words)

	Alibris: Padua
		As Cary J. Nederman writes in the foreword to this new edition, "Marsilius continues to speak to many of the salient issues of modern political life, expressing his doctrines in a language that has resonance and relevance.
		by Catholic Church, and Giovanni da Gaibana, and Bellinati, Claudio, and Bettini, Sergio, and Padua.
		The library of the Franciscans of the Convent of St. Antony, Padua, at the beginning of the fifteenth century
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Padua (652 words)

	MARSILIUS OF PADUA [MARSIGLIO MAINARDINO] (1270-1342) - Online Information article about MARSILIUS OF PADUA [MARSIGLIO ...
		Marsilius of Padua and John of Jandun, though they had both See also:
		minor, Marsilius completed and elaborated in a curious manner certain points in the doctrine laid down in the Defensor pacis.
		Marsilius of Padua does not seem to have lived See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MARSILIUS_OF_PADUA_MARSIGLIO_MA.html (1784 words)

	Defensor Pacis specs at MSN Shopping
		Marsilius of Padua is one of the few truly revolutionary figures in the history of political philosophy.
		The first to propound the separation of Church and State, he is considered the precursor to subsequent political thinkers, from Machiavelli to Marx.The Marsilian revolution consisted not only in a radical change in the theory of the relations between religion and...
		More politics that culminated in the Protestant Reformation and other central developments of the modern era, but, even more importantly, it had an effect on the whole conception of human beings -their nature, acts, values, and sociopolitical relations.
	shopping.msn.com /specs/shp?itemId=1166402 (204 words)

	Marsilius Of Padua - Venice 4 U (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		… from the Defensor Pacis (Defender of the Peace) of Marsilius of Padua.
		… written by Marsilius or Marsiglio, a canon of the church of Padua, in 1324.
		Medieval Sourcebook: Marsilius of Padua: from Defensor Pacis, 1324.
	www.helm-a-lite.com /marsilius-of-padua.html (343 words)

	marsilius_of_padua - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Marsilius of Padua : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Marsilius of Padua : Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names [home, info]
		Marsilius of Padua : FOLDOP - Free On Line Dictionary Of Philosophy [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=marsilius_of_padua&loc=resrd (152 words)

	Ockham's political writings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to Marsilius, Christ did not make Peter head over the other apostles and gave him no more power than he gave the others; the papacy is a purely human creation.
		Most of the commonplace arguments for rule by one [Note 48] are in fact arguments for unified government, whether by one person or by a committee.
		Marsilius held that no Christian is obliged to believe anything except the Bible and General Councils of the Church.
	www.britac.ac.uk /pubs/dialogus/pol.html (5919 words)

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