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Topic: Mart Laar

	Mart Laar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mart Laar (born April 22, 1960 in Viljandi) was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002.
		Laar was also a history teacher in Tallinn, as well as the past president of Council of Historians of the Foundation of the Estonia Inheritance, the Society for the Preservation of Estonia History and the Society of University Students of Estonian.
		Laar’s reforms are referred to as the most thorough in the region and are often used as a model for other transitions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mart_Laar (907 words)

	The Institute of World Politics > News & Publication > Fighting from the Forest for Freedom
		Laar claims that an overwhelming majority of the anti-Communist insurgents were children of petty landholding peasants—for instance, the legendary commander Ants Kaljurand, known as “Ants the Terrible.” Women also fought alongside the insurgents, especially during the latter part of the struggle.
		Laar believes that the insurgents killed Communists, not for ideological reasons, but for the manner in which the latter carried out their official duties.
		Laar was one of the leading Estonian dissidents: in the Eighties he co-founded the Society of the Estonian Heritage, a clandestine organization consisting of students and young scholars who took upon themselves the task of researching the modern history of Estonia.
	www.iwp.edu /news/newsID.192/news_detail.asp (1479 words)

	Georgia: Presidential Adviser Says Country's Future Hangs In Balance - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mart Laar, 45, a former Estonian prime minister credited with turning around his country's fortunes after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has been working since May this year as a special adviser to Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili.
		Laar: It's not outside the boundaries of the possible that if this situation had gone on a little longer, that if Georgia had kept on insisting on membership and the EU had kept on refusing, there could have been some kind of collapse of support.
		Laar: Kakha Bendukidze is my closest point of contact in the Georgian government, and according to a decree signed by the Georgian president, he is also responsible for passing on my suggestions and ideas to the government.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2006/06/5007c259-9a35-4aa1-91d8-197b95f04e2b.html (1647 words)

	Central Europe Review - Interview with Estonian Prime Minister Mart Laar
		Laar: I think that a large priority is to create the conditions for the successful development of Estonia, which means that we must create a competitive society that provides lots of work in different fields.
		Laar: No. I don't think the moving of the capital will be the main question for the government in the coming few years, but I think at one point it must be decided.
		Laar: In today's government session [27 June, day of the NRG privatisation decision, ed, see last week's Amber Coast for more details], with such a difficult question as the NRG privatisation on the table, there was a unanimous vote.
	www.ce-review.org /00/27/interview27_laar.html (2847 words)

	TCS Daily - A Champion of Liberty
		On April 20, 2006, Mart Laar, the former Prime Minister of Estonia, became the third recipient of the Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty.
		Mart Laar replaced the "dead hand" of the government with Adam Smith's "invisible hand." His government eliminated import tariffs (a decision that was partly reversed by Estonia's membership of the European Union) and established a flat income tax.
		Mart Laar's impact was felt beyond the influence he had on the lives of his fellow countrymen.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=042006G (734 words)

	Mart Laar
		Laar, who was chairman of the Historical Heritage Department in the Culture of History, first started his political career in Estonia's proto-Parliament known as the Estonian Supreme Council from 1990 to 1992.
		Determined to learn from the mistakes of other former leftists states that had failed in the transition to a free market economy, Mart Laar understood that the political structure of a society needed to be corrected first.
		Laar's free-market reforms took Estonia from a country devastated by Soviet economics to one of the most vibrant today in Europe enjoying a 7% rate of growth with 90% of all enterprises in private hands.
	unix.dfn.org /printer_MartLaar.shtml (633 words)

	Pro Patria Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mart Laar, a historian, former Chairman of the National Alliance "Pro Patria" and Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 was elected the new Chairman of the party on 24 October 1998.
		The party was successful on the parliamentary elections of 1999, receiving 18 seats.
		In April, 2006, former party leader and twice PM Mart Laar was awarded Friedman Prize for Liberty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pro_Patria_Union_(Estonia) (619 words)

	Central Europe Review - War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944 -1956
		Travelling from village to village, Laar and his colleagues collected oral testimony and data from survivors of Soviet atrocities and veterans of the Forest Brother movement, which included both active resistance fighters and their support network in villages and towns.
		Laar's narration guides the story along, but the heart of the project is in the oral testimonies given by the various individuals Laar interviewed.
		Today, the topic is no longer taboo, and the publication of Mart Laar's work is a sign of the recent general acknowledgment of the heroism and action of the Forest Brothers.
	www.ce-review.org /99/12/books12_huang.html (778 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Estonia's power vacuum
		The resignation of Estonia's reformist government led by Mart Laar - one of the most successful reformers in Central and Eastern Europe - has created a political vacuum in the small Baltic state.
		Mr Laar, 42, is considered to be one of Estonia's political heavyweight veterans.
		Some view Mr Laar, who is fluent in several Western European languages, heads the Cabinet, and in whose meetings absent ministers could participate via the internet, as an ideal symbol of Estonia's integration with the West.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/1751254.stm (616 words)

	Estonia Creates an Economic Miracle - by Steve Stanek - The Heartland Institute
		Mart Laar was barely 32 years old in 1992, when he became prime minister of Estonia, a small nation on the Baltic Sea that had just emerged from decades of Communist oppression as a satellite state of the Soviet Union.
		Laar's government removed price controls, cut regulations and welfare programs, sold state-owned businesses, introduced a new currency, and instituted a simple, flat-rate income tax that is being emulated in countries across Central and Eastern Europe.
		Laar: I must say we are a little bit surprised, to be very frank, because when we started the reforms, the administration was really very bad.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=19289 (1184 words)

	NCSJ - Estonia's Prime Minister Resigns
		Laar blamed the Reform Party for the friction in his administration, saying it betrayed him by joining the opposition Center Party to form a new Tallinn city government.
		Laar, a supporter of free-market economics, said he achieved his main goals since taking office in 1999 - the longest stint for any prime minister since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
		Abroad, Laar has been credited with solidifying Estonia's image as the most Western-oriented of the 15 ex-Soviet republics, but critics in the nation of 1.4 million say he has been too brash and has ignored the poor.
	www.ncsj.org /AuxPages/010802AP.shtml (363 words)

	Institute of Economic Affairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Laar’s prize money — $500,000 (£280,000, E405,000) — from this influential think-tank will free him to write the book he has long wanted to research and publish on the anti-communist partisans who fought on deep in the Estonian woods against the Red Army until the late 1970s.
		Laar is disarmingly modest about what he has achieved but also joyful.
		Laar is emotional about his heroes, those who fought a sporadic guerrilla war against the Russian military up until 1978.
	www.iea.org.uk /record.jsp?type=news&ID=346 (964 words)

	Finland for Thought » Former Estonian Prime Minister Mart Laar Wins Friedman Prize for Liberty \| Politics, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Cato Institute today announced that the recipient of the 2006 Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty is Mart Laar, the former prime minister of Estonia and main architect of his country’s remarkable economic transformation into one of the world’s freest and most dynamic economies.
		Laar believed that the way to ensure success for Estonia was to cultivate freedom and self-determination.
		Perhaps the best thing with Laar is that he has some credibility of being a dissident in the Soviet times, for example writing about the so-called forest brothers.
	www.finlandforthought.net /2006/04/25/former-estonian-prime-minister-mart-laar-wins-friedman-prize-for-liberty (2423 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Estonian Prime Minister Mart Laar has announced he will resign on 8 January, citing infighting among members of the ruling coalition, which he said could harm his country's bids to join the European Union and NATO.
		Laar said this was the reason he plans to resign in two weeks' time, taking the rest of the cabinet with him.
		It is also not very statesmanlike for Mart Laar to make such a statement, placing a question mark over Estonia's intentions to join the European Union and NATO.
	www.rferl.org /features/2001/12/20122001083234.asp (772 words)

	Cato Institute Will Award its 2006 Milton Friedman Prize in Chicago, May 18 - by Cato Institute staff - The Heartland ...
		Throughout his public life, Laar has embodied the values of liberty and free choice recognized by the prize, and his dedication to these ideals helped him to lead his country to economic prosperity through a radical free market program.
		When Laar took the reins of power of the newly independent country in 1992, he was only 32 years old, and Estonia was struggling to heal from the wounds of Soviet occupation.
		"Mart Laar, who was inspired by Milton Friedman, is the perfect Friedman Prize winner," said Ed Crane, president and CEO of the Cato Institute.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=18986 (699 words)

	NET FOR CUBA INTERNATIONAL - NEWS
		Laar said that when the socialists left power in 1992, ``The economy and environment were totally destroyed, and the human spirit was severely hurt.
		Laar tempered his advice with a warning against depending mainly on outside advice.
		Though Laar said former exiles played a large role in his government, he warned against leaders who weren't grounded in the country's current situation.
	www.netforcuba.org /News-EN/2002/Aug/News49.htm (381 words)

	BBC News \| MEDIA REPORTS \| Icon tribute to Estonian premier
		Estonian Premier Mart Laar has had his image immortalised on an icon decorating the wall of a Ukrainian church in the capital Tallinn.
		Mr Laar describes himself as a free-market liberal and an active supporter of Estonia's entry into the EU and Nato.
		Pleasant as his surprise iconic status may be, Mr Laar hopes to be remembered for his connections to the West, not for his popularity in an Eastern European church.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1269095.stm (507 words)

	CNN.com - Estonian prime minister resigns - January 8, 2002
		Laar's resignation means the entire government also steps down.
		Laar's Pro Patria party held talks with coalition partners the Reform Party and the Moderates on Monday in an attempt to salvage the alliance.
		Reform became increasingly estranged from Laar and the Moderates after it held secret talks on local government alliances with the opposition.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/01/08/estonia.resign (205 words)

	BW Online \| June 11, 2001 \| Mart Laar
		Tiny Estonia was reeling from an economic crisis when Mart Laar became Prime Minister in 1999.
		During his first term as Estonia's leader in 1992, Laar negotiated the withdrawal of Russian troops, introduced the rock-solid Estonian currency, and began the march to a market economy.
		Laar's leadership style has changed since his first term, when he earned a reputation as a hothead; back then, his coalition fell apart after a year.
	www.businessweek.com /magazine/content/01_24/b3736617.htm (321 words)

	WorldBlu l Designing Democratic Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mart became Prime Minister of Estonia at age 32, serving from 1992-1994 and again from 1999-2001, during the most pivotal moments of Estonia’s transition following the collapse of communism.
		Under Laar’s leadership, Estonia achieved record economic growth, reined in inflation, boosted foreign trade, and implemented a successful privatization program.
		Laar has received several prizes and honors, including the European Bull Prize in 2001, the Adam Smith Award in 2002, and the Polak Award in 2003.
	www.worldblu.com /forum/speakers2.html (2801 words)

	Comment is free: The wisdom of the Mart
		Mart Laar, the prime minister who led Estonia on a journey from Soviet poverty and repression to its current position as one of the freest and fastest-growing economies in the world, has won the 2006 Milton Friedman prize for advancing liberty, awarded biennially by the Cato Institute.
		During his first term as prime minister in 1992-94, Laar negotiated the withdrawal of Russian troops - a significant enough contribution to his country's freedom after 50 years under Moscow's thumb - introduced a sound currency, abolished tariffs and business subsidies and introduced a flat-rate income tax.
		As a young student of history, Laar braved arrest by researching Estonian resistance to the Soviet occupation of the country during the second world war.
	commentisfree.guardian.co.uk /david_boaz/2006/04/up_from_communism.html (794 words)

	Centesimus Annus Lecture Series
		Mart Laar was the Prime Minister of Estonia in 1992-1994 and 1999-2002.
		Mr Laar was born in 1960 behind the Iron Curtain.
		As prime minister of Estonia, Laar's free-market reforms took Estonia from a country devastated by Soviet economics to one of the most vibrant in Europe, with a a 7% rate of growth and 90% of all enterprises in private hands.
	www.acton.org /centesimusannus/06.05.04.php (835 words)

	Isamaaliit - PAREMA ELU NIMEL! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Nemad tegid omakorda teksti väiksemaid parandusi ning nii ta valmis”, ütles Laar.
		From Mr Mart Laar, Guntars Krasts MEP, Vytautas Landsbergis MEP and Jerzy Buzek MEP.
		Mart Laar, former prime minister of Estonia; Guntars Krasts, former PM of Latvia; Vytautas Landsbergis, former president of Lithuania; Jerzy Buzek, former PM of Poland
	www.isamaaliit.ee /?id=32944 (675 words)

	Estonia and Classical Liberalism » Outside The Beltway \| OTB
		Laar was politically naïve enough to put the theories into practice.
		When Mart Laar began his second term as prime minister of Estonia in 1999, the country was in the midst of a fiscal crisis.
		Laar realized that the only way for Estonia to weather the crisis was to finally leave behind the legacy of its communist past.
	www.outsidethebeltway.com /archives/2006/09/estonia_and_classical_liberalism (688 words)

	New Economic Advisor Of Georgian President Arrives In Tbilisi
		May 24 (Prime-News) – Mart Laar, new advisor of the president of Georgia and former Prime Minister of Estonia arrives in Georgia on Wednesday.
		This is the first visit by Mart Laar to Georgia after his appointment to the new position one week ago.
		Mart Laar said the he would be regularly visiting Georgia for consultations and hopes for implementation of recommendations that may call for dramatic changes too.
	eng.primenewsonline.com /?c=122&a=8138 (299 words)

	Walking on Water: How to Do It \| The Brussels Journal
		When Laar became Prime Minister, inflation in Estonia was over 1,000%, the economy was falling at a rate of 30%, unemployment was over 30%, 95% of the economy was state-owned and 92% of Estonian trade was dependent on Russia.
		Meanwhile Mart Laar hopes to resume his career as a historian, having just completed a study on the anti-communist partisans in the Estonian forests who fought the Soviets from 1944 to 1978, when the last of them was shot.
		Mart Laar on the Parliament Meadows (Thingvellir) in Iceland, the site of the oldest parliament in the world.
	www.brusselsjournal.com /node/202 (1996 words)

	The Volokh Conspiracy - Former Estonian Prime Minister Mart Laar Wins Friedman Prize for Liberty
		But as Laar, who served two terms as prime minister, has pointed out, he is not an economist: "I had read only one book on economics.
		If Mart Laar believed that these economic ideals have already been embraced in the West, and he has shown that it works in Estonia, is it possible that we can have some of these economic reforms?
		Kroon was in place by summer of 1992; Laar became the PM in late autumn of 1992.
	volokh.com /posts/1145540991.shtml (3292 words)

	Marek Chodakiewicz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		One could castigate Mart Laar for idealizing the Estonian insurgents.
		In June 1940, the Soviets occupied Estonia, a small country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.
		Therefore “every nation looks upon its freedom fighters, its men and women who have fallen in defense of their land and people, as heroes.” Woe to any nation which forgets the sacrifice of its best sons and daughters.
	criterion.uchicago.edu /issues/i3/chodakiewicz.html (1463 words)

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