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	Martin Marprelate Controversy.
		The Martin Marprelate controversy was an Elizabethan religious and literary argument, which stemmed from the strict censorship policies enforced by Archbishop Whitgift.
		In response, numerous Puritan pamphlets criticizing Whitgift, the bishops, and the Church of England, appeared under the pseudonym Martin Marprelate (1588-1589).
		The identity of Martin Marprelate was never established conclusively, though John Penry and John Udall were arrested.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/marprelate.htm (437 words)

	Marprelate Controversy - LoveToKnow 1911
		MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY, a war of pamphlets waged in 1588 and 1589 between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym "Martin Marprelate" and defenders of the Established Church.
		Martin's tracts are characterized by violent and personal invective against the Anglican dignitaries, by the assumption that the writer had numerous and powerful adherents and was able to enforce his demands for reform, and by a plain and homely style combined with pungent wit.
		It now appeared to some of the ecclesiastical authorities that the only way to silence Martin was to have him attacked in his own railing style, and accordingly certain writers of ready wit, among them John Lyly, Thomas Nashe and Robert Greene, were secretly commissioned to answer the pamphlets.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Marprelate_Controversy (673 words)

	Martin Marprelate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Martin Marprelate was the name used by the anonymous author or authors of the Marprelate tracts.
		In 1586, by an edict of the Star Chamber, the archbishop was empowered to licence and control all of the printing apparatus in the country.
		The Marprelate tracts are important documents in the history of English satire: critics from C.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Martin_Marprelate (406 words)

	The Martin Marprelate Controversy Criticism and Essays
		The Marprelate pamphlets incited a reply from Thomas Cooper, the bishop of Winchester.
		In its era, the Martin Marprelate scandal was one of the most significant rebellions against the Church of England.
		While most of the analyses written in the last century focus on ascertaining verifiable authorship of the tracts, the recognition of Martin Marprelate as one of the most influential rebels of the Elizabethan era is undisputed.
	www.enotes.com /literary-criticism/martin-marprelate-controversy (854 words)

	Marprelate Controversy - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Marprelate Controversy, religious controversy of the late 16th century that developed in England.
		Nashe was employed by the Church of England to answer the attacks made on it by a Puritan writer, or group of writers, known as Martin Marprelate....
		Martin Marprelate was the pseudonym under which appeared several Puritan...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Marprelate_Controversy.html (190 words)

	Vernacularity: The Politics of Language and Style
		But Martin's method presses further than the earlier Protestant push toward the vernacular: he transforms the mode of discourse from the by-now plain style of theological dispute to a new vernacular of mirth, such as he has perceived it.
		Martin had earlier asked leave, so as to maintain decorum, to "play the dunce." To answer the fool John Bridges he would need to draw on an established rhetoric of foolery, as played on stage.
		Martin's attackers, in turn, also offer the necessity of maintaining decorum as an explanation for their use of colloquial language, ad hominum attacks, bawdy puns, and vituperation.
	www.uwo.ca /modlang/MedRen/conf99/abstracts/leonidas.html (872 words)

	[No title]
		Martin discusses how the notions of press liberty inherited from England clashed with the idea that government was justified in suppressing speech dangerous to the stability of government; i.e.
		Martin asserts it was the Republican and Jeffersonian victory of 1800 that founded the broader and now modern view of democratic theory and press liberty.
		Martin's assumption regarding the reader's knowledge is further demonstrated by his frequent use of names, events, and other historical facts without any prior explanation or elaboration as to their meaning.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/martinrowt.htm (2074 words)

	§8. "Martin Junior". XVII. The Marprelate Controversy. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge History ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Martin Junior or Theses Martinianae, the next in the series, exhibits a change in method.
		Field’s notes, which Martin had merely decorated with his drolleries, had formed the basis of The Epistle, while the apologetics of Bridges and Cooper had given substance and cohesion to the sallies to The Epitome and Hay any worke.
		This manuscript, which breaks off in the middle of a sentence, Martin Junior gives to the world, adding a long defence of his father’s methods, obviously addressed to the puritans, whose “misliking” had been the cause of Waldegrave’s defection.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/213/1708.html (280 words)

	XVII. The Marprelate Controversy: Bibliography. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge History of English ...
		An Admonition to the people of England: Wherein are answered, not onely the slaunderous untruethes, reprochfully uttered by Martin the Libeller, but also many other Crimes by some of his broode, objected generally against all Bishops, and the chiefe of the Cleargie, purposely to deface and discredite the present state of the Church.
		Fit for the knave Martin, and the rest of those impudent Beggers, that can not be content to stay their stomakes with a Benefice, but they will needes breake their fastes with our Bishops….
		Counter-Cuffe given to Martin Junior, A. [By Thomas Nashe?.] A Counter-cuffe given to Martin Junior: by the venturous, hardie, and renowned Pasquill of England, Cavaliero….
	www.bartleby.com /213/1700.html (4090 words)

	MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY - LoveToKnow Article on MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first tract by Martin Marprelate, known as the Epistle, appeared at Molesey in November 1588.
		The Epistle attracted considerable notice; and a reply was written by Thomas Cooper, bishop of Winchester, under the title An Admonition to I/fe People of England, but this was too long and too dull to appeal to the same class of readers as the Marprelate pamphlets, and produced little effect.
		Meanwhile, in July 1589, Penrys press, now at Wolston, near Coventry, produced two tracts purporting to be by sons of Martin, but probably by Martin himself, namely, Theses Martinianae by Martin Junior, and The Just Censure of Martilf Junior by Martin Senior.
	88.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARPRELATE_CONTROVERSY.htm (688 words)

	§10. "The Protestation". XVII. The Marprelate Controversy. Vol. 3. Renascence and Reformation. The Cambridge ...
		In 1643, it is interesting to notice, it was reprinted under the title of The Character of a Puritan …; by Martin Marprelate; so that there was evidently a tradition which assigned it to our jester-puritan.
		The style of the whole is quite unlike Martin’s; but it may be that the dialogue form would put considerable restraint upon his natural exuberance.
		But, however this may be, the tract, if not Martin’s, is interesting as a proof that there was at least one puritan who sympathised with his methods.
	www.bartleby.com /213/1710.html (607 words)

	PRESBYTERIANISM, POLITICS, AND LUNACY:
		Martin’s clandestinely published tracts promoted presbyterianism, but they mostly consisted of savage, personal, and very funny attacks on the bishops.
		Martin’s guerrilla and gutter tactics, completely severed from the respectable traditions of learned exchange and severed even from conventional venues of change like parliament, neatly reinforced the standard charge that presbyterians were “popular” and seditious sectaries promoting social instability.
		Job Throkmorton in his Martin Marprelate persona declared his willingness to die for the cause; given the opportunity in the 1590s, he redirected his authorial energies into truth-bending claims that he was not Martin.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~winthrop/Hackett.htm (10462 words)

	Luminarium Encyclopedia: John Penry, Martin Marprelate Author (1559-1593)
		JOHN PENRY, Welsh Puritan, was born in Brecknockshire in 1559; tradition points to Cefn Brith, a farm near Llangammarch, as his birthplace.
		In January 1590 his house at Northampton was searched and his papers seized, but he succeeded in escaping to Scotland.
		He was convicted by the Queen's Bench on the 21st of May 1593, and hanged on the 29th at the unusual hour of 4 p.m., the signature of his old enemy Whitgift being the first of those affixed to the warrant.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/penry.htm (561 words)

	The Anglican Library - The Marprelate Tracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Marprelate Tracts are mentioned in almost all histories of the Elizabethan era, in histories of the Anglican Church, and in all considerations of the religious disputes between the Puritans and the Church of England in the late sixteenth century.
		The pamphlets are briefly described in terms of their presumed scurrility and opposition to the office of bishop and the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, but the contents of the writings, the underlying theology of the writer and the degree to which they agree or disagree with other, better known Puritan writings are not considered.
		Nevertheless, it does appear that Martin Marprelate deserves to be better known than he is. The only full consideration of the texts and historical setting prior to 1970 is that of William Pierce: An historical introduction to the Marprelate Tracts (1908), and: The Marprelate Tracts 1588, 1589 edited with notes historical and explanatory (1911).
	www.anglicanlibrary.org /marprelate (1014 words)

	The Woodforde Family - Robert Woodford's Diary - Local Context
		The major contributor to the Marprelate tracts is believed to have been the Puritan writer John Penry (1553-93), but the identity of `Martin Marprelate’ is still to be proven.
		The mysterious Martin Marprelate dared to ignore the traditional reverence for the episcopate, choosing to use a wild comedic form to mock the bishops.
		In seeking to define the structure of the puritan network of support and friendship, which undoubtedly existed in Northamptonshire at the time of the diarist's birth, it is important to consider the patronage of Sir Richard Knightley of Fawsley, a manor on the western edge of the county.
	www.woodforde.co.uk /page16.htm (2233 words)

	Stritmatter Appleton Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although the Marprelate battle itself was short-lived, it had an extended afterlife in the ensuing pamphlet duel between TomNashe and Gabriel Harvey (1592-97) which continued long after Martin Marprelate and his "sons" had fallen silent.
		Surprisingly, Francis' Edward's introductory survey of the literature on Martin Marprelate also slights this important work, referring only to the earlier tradition of Donald J. McGinn and other scholars, who hypothesized that Martin was John Penry, the Welsh printer of many of the pamphlets.
		Although listed in her bibliography, Carlson's impressive case identifying Martin as the Puritan divine Job Throckmorton, who was arrested and questioned for as a suspect in the case but never brought to trial for the offense, is not considered in any detail by Ms.
	www.shakespearefellowship.org /Reviews/StritmatterAppleton.htm (2282 words)

	MARPRELATE, Martin., [ LANDMARK IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH SATIRE ]A dialogue. Wherin is plainly layd open the ...
		Between 1588 and 1589 a series of pamphlets issued under the spurious authorship of one "Martin Marprelate" were circulated in England lampooning ruthlessly the prelacy.
		To subject the bishops, as they did, to merciless ridicule has been compared to the use of poison gas in warfare, which is liable with a change of wind to blow back into the faces and lungs of those using it...
		Marprelate was remembered through the first forty years of the new century even though the form of Church government he defended, Presbyterianism, had been effectively extirpated in England...
	www.polybiblio.com /shapero/56866.html (507 words)

	Marprelate Controversy - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Marprelate Controversy, religious controversy of the late 16th century that developed in England.
		Nashe was employed by the Church of England to answer the attacks made on it by a Puritan writer, or group of writers, known as Martin Marprelate....
		Scholarly speculation that the anonymous author of the historically important Marprelate Tracts (1588-1589; see Marprelate Controversy) may have been...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Marprelate_Controversy.html (101 words)

	Marprelate controversy - Encyclopedia.com
		Martin Marprelate was the pseudonym under which appeared several Puritan pamphlets (1588-89) satirizing the authoritarianism of the Church of England under Archbishop John Whitgift.
		A flood of both Martinist and anti-Martinist literature followed, to which Thomas Nashe, John Lyly, and Richard Harvey are supposed to have contributed.
		The true identity of Martin Marprelate has never been determined, but John Penry may have been the chief author.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Marprela.html (435 words)

	MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY - Online Information article about MARPRELATE CONTROVERSY
		Martin Marprelate and defenders of the Established See also:
		appeal to the same class of readers as the Marprelate pamphlets, and produced little effect.
		It now appeared to some of the ecclesiastical authorities that the only way to silence Martin was to have him attacked in his own railing style, and accordingly certain writers of ready wit, among them John See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MARPRELATE_CONTROVERSY.html (1026 words)

	Martin Marprelate: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Martin Marprelate was the name used by the anonymous author or authors of the Marprelate tracts The marprelate controversy was a war of pamphlets waged in england and wales in 1588 and 1589, between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym martin marprelate, and defenders of the established...
		United Christian Church The united christian church is a small evangelical body of christians with roots in the pietistic movement of martin boehm and william otterbein....
		Marprelate Controversy The marprelate controversy was a war of pamphlets waged in england and wales in 1588 and 1589, between a puritan writer who employed the pseudonym martin marprelate, and defenders of the established...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /m/martin_marprelate (1054 words)

	John Penry's Body of Work
		Martin lacks all respect for Whitgift and mocks him: "Is seven-score horse nothing, thinkest thou, to be in train of an English priest?" He calls him "Beelzebub of Canterbury," "Canterbury Caiphas," "monstrous anti-Christ," "bloody tyrant." -and most often, mockingly, as "His Canterburiness."
		Diligent pursuit by Whitgift's agents, failed to discover the identity of "Martin Mar-prelate." Penry was a chief suspect because of his track record of dissent and the testimony of a printer, who said John proofread a manuscript.
		Marprelate is a master prose satirist in the tradition of Swift and Twain.
	members.aol.com /marlovian/inquest/penry.htm (2147 words)

	[No title]
		Martin Marprelate, assumingly an alias for one or more Puritan authors illegally publishing harsh attacks on the bishops and the clergy, launched his first tract The Epistle in 1588 and thus triggered off an extended guerilla pamphlet warfare.
		Throughout Martin` s writing, there are hints of the carnival grotesque; the prelates, those ‘carnal and senseless beasts’, ‘monstrous and ungodly wretches’, revel with their ‘boosing mates’ in a world of social madness and hierarchical inversion (…).
		Laughing with and at subversive voices and forces represented by Marprelate and Falstaff on stage meant, and in the case of Falstaff still means that the audience simultaneously disapproves and participates, which was and is highly subversive to any given orthodoxy.
	www.anglistik.uni-muenster.de /Materialien/Falstaff/data/fc/complwork.html (5256 words)

	[No title]
		Martin Marprelate, assumingly an alias for one or more Puritan authors illegally publishing harsh attacks on the bishops and the clergy, launched his first tract The Epistle in 1588 and thus triggered off an extended guerilla pamphlet warfare.
		Throughout Martin` s writing, there are hints of the carnival grotesque; the prelates, those ‘carnal and senseless beasts’, ‘monstrous and ungodly wretches’, revel with their ‘boosing mates’ in a world of social madness and hierarchical inversion (…).
		Laughing with and at subversive voices and forces represented by Marprelate and Falstaff on stage meant, and in the case of Falstaff still means that the audience simultaneously disapproves and participates, which was and is highly subversive to any given orthodoxy.
	www.anglistik.uni-muenster.de:90 /Materialien/Falstaff/data/fc/complwork.html (5256 words)

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