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	Martin Rodbell
		Martin Rodbell was born on December 1, 1925, in Baltimore, Maryland.
		Rodbell discovered that ATP (adenosine triphosphate) could reverse the binding action of glucagon to the cell receptor and thus dissociate the glucagon from the cell altogether.
		Rodbell deduced that GTP was probably the active biological factor in dissociating glucagon from the cell's receptor, and that GTP had been present as an impurity in his earlier experiments with ATP.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/rodbell.html (760 words)

	Martin Rodbell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In December 1969 and early January 1970, Rodbell was working with a laboratory team that studied the effect of the hormone glucagon on a rat liver membrane receptor--the cellular discriminator that receives outside signals.
		Rodbell discovered that ATP (adenosine triphosphate) could reverse the binding action of glucagon to the cell receptor and thus dissociate the glucagon from the cell altogether.
		Rodbell deduced that GTP was probably the active biological factor in dissociating glucagon from the cell's receptor, and that GTP had been present as an impurity in his earlier experiments with ATP.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Martin_Rodbell (616 words)

	Martin Rodbell - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins.
		Martin Rodbell (1925-1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who shared the Nobel Prize in 1994 in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of G-proteins and the principles of...
		Martin Rodbell: American biochemist who was awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine...
	encarta.msn.com /Martin_Rodbell.html (181 words)

	RODBELL, Martin
		Rodbell discovered the proteins involved in the process, which became known as G-proteins because they became activated when bound to guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a derivate of base guanine in the makeup of
		Rodbell’s discovery was followed up by the American pharmacologist Alfred G. Gilman, who isolated the first G-protein and described its activities when studying cellular communication in mutated (genetically altered) leukemia cells in the early 1970s.
		Rodbell and Gilman shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their discovery of “G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.”
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=220851 (673 words)

	Martin Rodbell Summary
		Rodbell was born on December 1, 1925 in Baltimore, Maryland.
		Rodbell and his new wife traveled to Seattle, where Rodbell began his graduate studies in biochemistry at the University of Seattle.
		In December 1969 and early January 1970, Rodbell was working with a laboratory team that studied the effect of the hormone glucagon on a rat liver membrane receptor--the cellular discriminator that receives outside signals.
	www.bookrags.com /Martin_Rodbell (2118 words)

	2 Americans Share Nobel For Cell Signal Finding - New York Times
		Rodbell, 68, retired in June as head of the laboratory of signal transduction at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, a Federal agency in Research Triangle Park, near Durham, N.C. He said he stepped down because of the lack of Federal funds for his research.
		Rodbell spoke from the home of his daughter, Suzanne Richardson, in Bethesda, Md., where he went this weekend expecting to meet an old friend, Dr. Rolf Luft, whom he had not seen for many years and who said he would be in Washington.
		Rodbell, who was born in Baltimore, received a bachelor's degree in biology from Johns Hopkins University and a doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Washington in Seattle.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DEED61E3DF932A25753C1A962958260&sec=health&pagewanted=all (1608 words)

	Nobel Prize Recipient at NIEHS
		Martin Rodbell of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Dr. Alfred G. Gilman of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas were awarded the 1994 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine.
		Rodbell is a scientist emeritus in the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology at NIEHS and Dr. Alfred G. Gilman, an NIH grantee, is professor and chairman in the department of pharmacology at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
		Rodbell followed his discovery of the signal transmission function of GTP with continued work on the nature and mechanism of G protein action in cells and membranes.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /external/nobel.htm (553 words)

	Environ Health Perspect 107-1, 1999: Martin Rodbell Obituary
		Martin Rodbell was born on 1 December 1925 in Baltimore, Maryland.
		Rodbell subsequently moved to the NIAMD in 1961 where his research with hormone-sensitive fat cells led to his landmark theory of transducers as mediators of hormone action subsequent to their binding to their respective receptors, which became a major contribution to the general concept of "signal transduction" that has become extremely important in modern biology.
		Rodbell followed his discovery of the signal transmission function of GTP with work on the nature and mechanism of action of G-proteins, which have been shown to play many roles in normal cellular function, including cell growth and neurotransmission.
	www.ehponline.org /docs/1999/107-1/rodbell.html (865 words)

	Rodbell, Martin - Talk Medical
		Rodbell, Martin: (1925-1998) American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who shared the Nobel Prize in 1994 in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of G-proteins and the principles of signal transduction in cellular communication.
		Martin Rodbell was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of a grocer.
		In 1969, Rodbell outlined a system for describing the components of cellular communication that he called "signal transduction." Signal transduction theory helped him discover the importance and function of G-proteins in the early 1970s, which became the basis for his Nobel prize-winning contribution to biomedical science.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/12483/Rodbell-Martin (633 words)

	Martin Rodbell
		Prior to Martin Rodbell's work, it was believed that a hormone receptor and an interior cell enzyme were responsible for virtually all cellular communication.
		In May of 1994 Rodbell was forced to retire from the National Institutes of Health, due to federal budget cuts that basically eliminated his lab.
		As a teenager, Barbara Ledermann was active in the Dutch Underground, acquiring false ID as a non-Jew and using her false papers to smuggle numerous Jews toward safety.
	www.nndb.com /people/181/000133779 (305 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Table of Contents
		Alfred G. Gilman, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and Martin Rodbell, of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in North Carolina, won the prize for work they conducted independently in the past three decades to discover the "G proteins" that act as the switchboard of the body's communication pathway.
		Rodbell, at a press conference in Maryland, criticized the commercialization of science.
		Rodbell and his co-workers at the National Institutes of Health determined that guanine nucleotides were involved in cell communication -- a finding that led to the discovery of G proteins.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/nobel/1994/1994l.html (818 words)

	In Memory of Dr. Martin Rodbell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dr. Rodbell's many contributions to science and to NIEHS were lauded by the initiation of a lecture series in his honor, of which Dr. Rodbell recently gave the first lecture, an inspiring talk about the joys of science and the NIH.
		I was distressed at the news that Martin died.
		Rodbell worked with love for the humanity and the humanity mourns his loss and will be eternally grateful for his nobles attitudes.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /external/mrmry.htm (9162 words)

	Profiles in Science: The Martin Rodbell Papers
		Martin Rodbell (1925-1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who shared the Nobel Prize in 1994 in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of G-proteins and the principles of signal transduction in cellular communication.
		The National Library of Medicine is the repository for the Martin Rodbell Papers, which range from 1928 to 1998.
		Individuals interested in conducting research in the Martin Rodbell Papers are invited to contact the National Library of Medicine.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /GG (294 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gilman and Dr. Rodbell, who split the $930,000 prize, were the first to identify proteins called G-proteins and the role they play in letting cells react to signals from other cells, said a statement from the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
		Rodbell and his team were working at the U.S. National Institutes of Health at the time.
		Gilman and Rodbell found once a cell has received chemical signals by means of surface proteins called receptors, G-proteins transmit and modify these signals within a cell to produce the cell's response.
	www.virginia.edu /insideuva/textonlyarchive/94-10-14/3.txt (299 words)

	Martin Rodbell
		Martin Rodbell and his wife, Barbara, were visiting their daughter in Bethesda, Md., when the phone rang at 6 a.m.
		Thanks to the prize money, he was able to shore up his "rather small" retirement income and to help his four children and seven grandchildren.
		Rodbell tends to shy away from radio and television interviews.
	www.washington.edu /alumni/columns/march98/rodbell.html (339 words)

	NIEHS News
		Rodbell is a scientist emeritus at the NIEHS and winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology.
		Rodbell has functioned since 1989 as chief of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and is the institute's first scientist emeritus.
		Rodbell is highly regarded by his fellow scientists, not only for his work, which has resulted in over 100 publications in the highest quality scientific journals, but also for the training and direction he has provided to emerging scientists throughout his career.
	www.ehponline.org /docs/1994/102-11/niehsnews.html (4208 words)

	Sandwalk: Nobel Laureates: Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell
		Alfred Gilman (1941-) and Martin Rodbell (1925-1998) shared the Nobel Prize in 1994 for discovering G proteins [G Proteins Are Signal Transducers].
		About 25 years ago, Martin Rodbell and his colleagues decided to investigate how a chemical signal - a hormone - that came in contact with the outer surface of the cell membrane could bring about changes on the inside of the same membrane.
		The major breakthrough was Martin Rodbell's realization that there was a switch between these two steps, and that this switch, which he called the transducer, could be turned on by a high-energy compound, guanosine triphosphate.
	www.uf2.org /proxy.php?q=aHR0cDovL3NhbmR3YWxrLmJsb2dzcG90LmNvbS8yMDA3LzA1L25vYmVsLWxhdXJlYXRlcy1hbGZyZWQtZy1naWxtYW4tYW5kLmh0bWw=&p=1e3 (1271 words)

	NIH - The NIH Almanac - Nobel Laureates
		Rodbell dis- covered in 1970 that signal transmission requires a cellular molecule called GTP.
		In 1977 Dr. Gillman identified the proteins to which GTP binds and named them "G proteins." They are a family of proteins bound to the cell surface membranes that serve as intermediaries between incoming signals and cellular proteins that respond to these signals.
		Rodbell conducted this research while an intramural scientist with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (now NIDDK).
	www.nih.gov /about/almanac/nobel (1523 words)

	Martin Rodbell Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Martin Rodbell Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Martin Rodbell Papers: Profiles in Science (submitted by Freeman)
		Martin Rodbell Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	www.nobelprizes.com /nobel/medicine/1994b.html (122 words)

	Martin Rodbell Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Martin Rodbell Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Martin Rodbell Papers: Profiles in Science (submitted by Freeman)
		In Memory of Dr. Martin Rodbell (submitted by Davis Brown)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/medicine/1994b.html (122 words)

	Office of NIH History
		This exhibit explains the work of Martin Rodbell and his colleagues in discovering a mechanism that transformed our understanding of how cells respond to signals.
		In a series of pioneering experiments conducted here at the NIH, Rodbell studied hormones--substances which have specific effects on cells' activity.
		He could not have predicted the broad impact his findings would have.
	history.nih.gov /01Docs/exh/1000exh.htm (270 words)

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