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Topic: Martyrdom

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	THE CONCEPT OF MARTYRDOM IN ISLAM
		Martyrdom is not the monopoly of Islam (though it is the monopoly of spiritual, religious, and divine systems, and cannot be claimed by followers of materialistic schools).
		The concepts of martyrdom and Holy Struggle in the cause of Allah are interrelated.
		Jihad is the means for establishing the truth, and may lead to martyrdom, but does not necessarily lead to being killed for it in the battlefield, although it necessarily involves the continuous Holy Struggle, and death in the cause of the struggle.
	www.al-islam.org /al-serat/Concept-Ezzati.htm (2140 words)

	Martyr - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sometimes, it is for a different "noble cause", like patriotically dying for a nation's glory in a war (usually known under other names such as "fallen warriors").
		The Anabaptists have embraced this part of their heritage to such an extent that the book Martyrs Mirror, which describes the deaths of Anabaptist Martyrs in the 16th and 17th century, is still widely owned and read in Mennonite and Amish households (see Anabaptist persecution for more).
		In all cultures, dying in a war is considered "martyrdom", although the word is usually applied to deaths specifically in a religious or moral cause.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Martyrdom (911 words)

	Epistle to Smyrnaeans, Martyrdom of Polycarp
		Martyrdom of Polycarp 1:1 We write unto you, brethren, an account of what befell those that suffered martyrdom and especially the blessed Polycarp, who stayed the persecution, having as it were set his seal upon it by his martyrdom.
		Martyrdom of Polycarp 13:2 But when the pile was made ready, divesting himself of all his upper garments and loosing his girdle, he endeavored also to take off his shoes, though not in the habit of doing this before, because all the faithful at all times vied eagerly who should soonest touch his flesh.
		Martyrdom of Polycarp 18:3 where the Lord will permit us to gather ourselves together, as we are able, in gladness and joy, and to celebrate the birthday of his martyrdom for the commemoration of those that have already fought in the contest, and for the training and preparation of those that shall do so hereafter.
	www.housechurch.org /miscellaneous/early_polymart.html (2363 words)

	Summa Theologica
		Now it is evident that in martyrdom man is firmly strengthened in the good of virtue, since he cleaves to faith and justice notwithstanding the threatening danger of death, the imminence of which is moreover due to a kind of particular contest with his persecutors.
		Thus martyrdom is related to faith as the end in which one is strengthened, but to fortitude as the eliciting habit.
		Hence martyrdom is an act of charity as commanding, and of fortitude as eliciting.
	www.godrules.net /library/summa/SS124.htm (3215 words)

	Martyrdom operation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islamist militants use this term as they do not see their attacks as an act of suicide, which is prohibited by Islam.
		While most combat involves a chance of death, a "martyrdom operation" implies a deliberate act of self-sacrificial suicide and a systematic form of terrorism.
		In Arabic, suicide bombings or martyrdom operations are called Shuada or Is-shtahad, both coming from the root Shaadi ("Testimony") that refers to the act of declaring one's belief in Islam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Martyrdom_operation (144 words)

	Death and Martyrdom
		Martyrdom entails death; only that one who dies for the faith is called a “martyr.” However, and this is a second observation, the death imposed on the martyr is the result of a judgment to death.
		The character of martyrdom as a conflict between God and the false gods is evident from the interrogations of the martyr by the Roman officials and by the responses that the martyrs give.
		Because God wills the martyrdom of Polycarp, the narrative of Polycarp's martyrdom reports of his constant steadfastness in his confession, even to the extent that he refuses to be bound to the stake at which he was to be burned, since God will grant him to remain unflinching in the fire.
	www.beezwaxrecords.com /martyrdom.htm (3778 words)

	Demetrios Constantelos - Altruistic Martyrdom or Altruistic Suicide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Most of the neo-martyrs were simple and unpretentious folk people and their martyrdom reveals that it was not "suicide thinly disguised" but the result of lofty ideals and a powerful commitment to the moral and eschatological teachings of Christianity.
		Martyrdom was identical to confession of faith before infidels or enemies of Christianity.
		Undoubtedly some sought martyrdom because of the Church's teaching that martyrdom was a second baptism, which meant a catharsis from all sins.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/constantelos_altrouistic_6.html (578 words)

	Martyrdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Martyrdom in our day tends more to be hidden martyrdom, where modern forms of brainwashing and torture reduce someone like Cardinal Mindszenty to standing before the judges a broken man, incapable of giving a glorious testimony of unbroken courage.
		In recent years the concept of martyrdom has been vigorously discussed inside and outside Islam as a result of the growing number of Muslim suicide bombers; however, it has also fallen into disrepute because here the perpetrators are not only sacrificing their own lives but also deliberately intending the deaths of others.
		This longing for martyrdom is bound up with a conviction that opponents and enemies will be found in the governments and religions of these lands who out of false religious and ethical convictions will maliciously do all that they can to prevent the proclamation of the Christian message.
	www.missionsocieties.org.uk /MOUT/04April/Evers.htm (2361 words)

	Pax Nortona: Martyrdom Series Archives
		It was not for beauty that the early church fathers banned the damaged from celebrating the Mass; the prelates were more concerned about the barbarous lengths to which some interpreted scripture and pagan rites in which initiates altered themselves.
		Martyrdom 2: Pyramids, Tophets, and a Ram in a Thicket
		Martyrdom 1: The Martyrs of York and Edith Stein
	www.notfrisco2.com /webzine/Joel/archives/cat_martyrdom_series.html (242 words)

	Dying for God: Islam
		The public aspect of martyrdom both serves to intimidate the enemy by demonstrating the fervor and commitment of the martyr, and to inspire and vitalize his follow fighters by serving as a role model.
		Martyrdom is therefore justified as an Islamically legitimate sacrifice, not an illegitimate suicide.
		The haste with which Muslim apologists deny that martyrdom is suicide and quote official prohibitions of suicide further betrays a not-uncommon and perhaps even prevalent belief that martyrdom was indeed seen by some as a noble and commendable expression of one's religious faith.
	bahai-library.com /theses/dying/dying4.islam.html (3685 words)

	CMIP - CENTER FOR MONITORING THE IMPACT OF PEACE: REPORTS
		The textbooks employ a variety of other means to inculcate the ideal of martyrdom in the minds of the students, such as poetry and language exercises.
		They are proud to have martyrdom as the seal of their lives for the sake of the liberation of their country and homeland that the Zionists have occupied." ("Direction and Urge for Holy War and Martyrdom", Islamic Education, Grade 5, p.
		Martyrdom has become a general love of the masses and a general heroism of the masses.
	www.edume.org /reports/6/10a.htm (1453 words)

	Martyrdom in Jihad
		Martyrdom in the contemporary prosecution of jihad has two principle functions: it furthers the mujahid's agenda through its unique military efficacy, and it consolidates his or her movement and inspires its participants.
		Outside the Muslim world martyrdom need not be and often is not a religious phenomenon--taxi drivers on a hunger strike for higher wages dying in a Mexican prison or a ship's captain sinking with his craft would not necessarily profess a transcendental cause for their actions.
		Martyrdom and its relata, such as suffering, pain, asceticism, sacrifice, death, and resurrection, are principal phenomena in the religious experience, doubtless as central as birth and creation.
	bahai-library.com /personal/jw/my.papers/jihad.html (11605 words)

	MUHARRAM/martyrdom -Allaahuakbar......An Invitation to Discover True Islaam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Special gatherings are held wherein the heart-rending incident of the martyrdom of Sayyidina Husain (RA) is mentioned.
		Martyrdom is nothing strange or uncommon to Muslims.
		His martyrdom was indeed heart-rending in the extreme.
	www.allaahuakbar.net /muharram/martyrdom.htm (924 words)

	Martyrdom of Polycarp
		Handbook of Patrology: St. Polycarp and the Acts of His Martyrdom
		Quasten, Didache, the Epistle of Barnabus, the Epistle and Martyrdom of St. Polycarp, the Fragments of Papius, the Epistle of Diogentus (Paulist Press 1985).
		Polycarp resided in Asia Minor as bishop of Smyrna and sent an epistle to the Philippians c.
	www.earlychristianwritings.com /martyrdompolycarp.html (873 words)

	Martyrdom? What a Bargain!
		This quest for martyrdom is not based on emotions; it is based on belief in Islam and faith in [the] Judgment Day and faith in life after death.
		Hence, martyrdom is the ultimate good work; and from a psychological standpoint, doing the highest of the best deeds frees the jihadists' minds from the torment of doubt over their eternal destiny.
		It is also true that some of the early Christians suffer martyrdom, but, again, never in the cause of warfare; rather, they are persecuted and put to death because the listeners and local authorities are offended at their message, not because the Christians "fight in God's way: they kill and are killed" (Sura 9:111).
	www.aina.org /news/20050304104241.htm (5286 words)

	Sachi Sri Kantha - Of Martyrdom and Hope
		Historians have presented evidence that during the first three centuries of the first millennium, martyrdom was a weapon of choice for Christians in their fight against the Roman empire.
		Martyrdom was often the only choice for the Christian, but, there was not only the acceptance of martyrdom as unavoidable, but also a desire - and indeed an active pursuit - of death.
		Martyrdom was no longer unusual, and many staunchly devout Christians went to their deaths before crowds in the arenas or, more privately, in prisons....Several themes appear repeatedly in Cyprian's writings.
	www.tamilnation.org /forum/sachisrikantha/martyrdom.htm (1459 words)

	Martyrdom in Jewish Traditions
		As a result of this moderating tendancy in Rabbinic literature, the tale of the Maccabean mother and her seven sons is torn from its Hasmonean context and re-placed in the context of Judea’s rebellion against Rome.
		The genre of martyrdom laments had become so well-established that when the Talmud was burned in Paris in 1242, poems portrayed this event as a martyrdom of Torah itself; the murder of the very soul of the Jewish people.
		Martyrdom is never to be sought; he who embraces it by failing to seek safety in flight is a sinner.
	www.bc.edu /research/cjl/meta-elements/texts/cjrelations/resources/articles/Lander_martyrdom (10724 words)

	\| Victory News Magazine \| Martyrdom is Our Inheritance \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ergo, nearly 70 Muslims kissed martyrdom in the Battle of Ohd (3rd Hijri), while Commander of Faithful Hazrat Ali ibn-e-Abi Talib (A.S.) got wounds on his holy body so he expressed his desire for martyrdom in the respected court of the holy Prophet (SAW).
		So we say that martyrdom is glad tidings and a key to success and elevation.
		Martyrdom is the zenith of loftiness of humanity, that is why a saying of Masoom (A.S.) goes:
	www.victorynewsmagazine.com /4MartyrdomOurInheritance.htm (1079 words)

	Reason Is Beguiled: On the Mystery of Martyrdom and of Total Self-Gift by Michele T. Gallagher, Ph.D.
		Martyrdom is always a great and radical test for any human being, the proof of his or her dignity before God and the world.
		Any total gift of self, like martyrdom itself, is a mystery that leaves human reason beguiled.
		Her desire in this work is to offer hope to all those who, by making a total gift of themselves in the service of Christ and others, find themselves suffering for the sake of the kingdom of God on earth.
	www.albahouse.org /Reason.htm (384 words)

	Martyrdom (Al Haadi) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		How it that we have remembered the tenth of Muharram but are totally unaware of the heart-rending martyrdom of many other great personalities of Islam.
		The Muslims were shattered upon the martyrdom of Umar (R.A.).
		It is therefore absolutely clear that the tenth of Muharram is not a day to observe as the martyrdom of Sayyidina Husain (R. It's significance lies solely in what has been explained in the Ahadith.
	www.jamiat.org.za /muharram/Martyrdom.htm (1107 words)

	CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL - THE MARTYRDOM. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was a dramatic Victorian work of the murder of St. Thomas by John Cross which, although being historically inaccurate, was a powerful representation of the murder of The Saint and yet, from where it hung seemed to me, to add to the atmosphere.
		I believe that the Martyrdom had a peace and tranquility previously that has been totally destroyed by this new alter and the glare of the floodlights.
		In regard to the Martyrdom, he states, "...but a particularly ugly modern altar was put here in 1986, apparently to commemorate the Pope's visit in May, 1992".
	www.digiserve.com /peter/mdom.htm (537 words)

	GN Online: Church supports martyrdom
		Martyrdom by Palestinian men and women is part of intifada, which serves their struggle against Israeli atrocities and cannot be separated from their liberation movement, said a visiting official of the Orthodox Church in occupied Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
		Giving his full support to martyrdom, the spokesman of the Orthodox Church in the Holy Land said: "As you know, political parties in Palestine agree to the continuation of the intifada, which includes different approaches of struggle.
		We are in the struggle, whether it's martyrdom or any other means, we are part of it," he said.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=55045 (763 words)

	ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT: ARAFAT'S CHILDREN \| PALESTINIAN CHILDREN YEARNING MARTYRDOM ENCOURAGED BY PARENTS
		In particular, note the positive attitude of parents toward their children's death, and the statements of injured children that they seek a higher goal, death and Martyrdom.
		Karam announced his own death on the walls of his home and attributed to himself Martyrdom and its honor, in his handwriting on the walls.
		He stated that becoming a Martyr is a tremendous source of pride and a medal on his chest...
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/angelforisrael/israel/childmartyr.html (800 words)

	Texts related to King Charles I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Sermon on the Martyrdom of King Charles I, by Thomas Wilson.
		A Pindaric Ode upon the Martyrdom of King Charles I. London, Printed for James Norris, at the Kings Arms without Temple-Bar.
		A Sermon Preach'd Before the Honourable House of Commons, on the Anniversary Fast for the Martyrdom of King Charles I. By E. Langford, D.D. Printed For Thomas Bennet, At the Half-Moon in St. Paul's Church-Yard.
	anglicanhistory.org /charles (365 words)

	Martyrdom
		Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew, Lorenzo di Niccolo di Martino, c 1400.
		The Martyrdom of Saint Apollonia, Jacopo Zucchi, c 1580.
		The Martyrdom of Saint Margaret, Giuseppe Cesari, c 1608/1611.
	www.textweek.com /art/martyrdom.htm (154 words)

	washingtonpost.com: In Hideout, Foreign Arabs Share Vision of 'Martyrdom' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This was the scene two days before the massive assault on the city that began Monday, and the men were its target, a dozen of them in sneakers, tracksuits and beards, preaching jihad and the virtues of martyrdom.
		Dressed alike, the men were as different as their accents, a new generation of the jihad diaspora, arriving in Fallujah from all over the Arab world: five Saudis, three Tunisians, a Yemeni.
		Outside, artillery shells rocked the low-slung buildings of a city that has been a symbol of violence to one part of the world and a beacon of resistance to another.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A35300-2004Nov8?language=printer (968 words)

	USATODAY.com - Devotion, desire drive youths to 'martyrdom' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In more than a dozen interviews with former and current members of the militant group Hamas and with Israeli security officials who track them, USA TODAY was given a rare look into the secretive and terrifying world of suicide bombers and the culture that creates them.
		Lured by promises of financial stability for their families, eternal martyrdom and unlimited sex in the afterlife, dozens of militant Palestinians like Hotari aspire to blow themselves up, Israeli and Palestinian officials say.
		In return for "martyrdom," Hamas tells the youths that their families will be financially compensated, their pictures will be posted in schools and mosques, and they will earn a special place in heaven.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/june01/2001-06-26-suicide-usat.htm (1778 words)

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