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Topic: Marula

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	Marula Oil (Cold Pressed) - Sclerocarya birrea - Antioxidants - Carrier Oils for Aromatherapy - Oils for Skincare & ...
		Marula trees are indigenous to Southern Africa and parts of West and East Africa.
		Marula oil is suitable for use in cosmetics and as a carrier oil for aromatherapy.
		Marula Oil is rich in components necessary for healthy skin, such as antioxidants, vitamins E and C, and oleic acid.
	www.oilsbynature.com /products/marula-oil-refined.htm (244 words)

	the marula tree of africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Marula is a handsome, spreading tree of wooded savannah, and belongs to the mango (Anacardiaceae) family.
		Observations on baboons suggest that they prefer fresh Marula fruit and because the pulp is digested and the seeds passed within a 24-hour period, fermentation is impossible.
		Marulas are among the dominant trees at Phinda, Ngala and Londolozi in South Africa, where leopards frequently cache kills in their branches or recline on their shady boughs.
	www.wildwatch.com /resources/plants/marula.asp (860 words)

	Marula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Marula FRUIT is very juicy and aromatic and is the size of a small plum.
		In the land of the northern Sotho, marula trees are the only trees that are not cut when land is cleared for planting.
		The marula tree is known to the Zulus as the "marriage tree", since it is a symbol of fertility and is used in a cleansing ritual before marriage.
	www.knet.co.za /herbs/marula.htm (519 words)

	Marula Products - Marula Essential Oil
		Marula oil has remarkable qualities; it is rich in antioxidants and oleic acid, essential components for the maintenance of healthy skin.
		With its combination of high nutritional value and excellent stability, marula oil is an ideal and innovative choice for modern cosmetic formulas and as a carrier oil for aromatherapy.
		Marula oil is a new oil which meets the demand for a trendy, marketable, efficacious ingredient.
	www.marula.org.za /prodoil.htm (548 words)

	Non-Wood Forest Products in Namibia
		In all important feasts, such as a wedding ceremony, marula oil is one of the special foods and the organisers have to see to it that they are available (refer to 4-O regions).
		The trial marula oil project shows that interest in Marula oil from commercial parties is as strong as ever, and negotiations with premier potential buyers show that the project is on the verge of an important commercial breakthrough.
		It is necessary to formalise the extraction of marula wine and expand the mechanical extraction of oil from marula kernels.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X6694E/X6694E03.htm (2539 words)

	Marula \| Tree \| South Africa...
		Archaeological evidence shows the marula tree was a source of nutrition as long as ago as 10,000 years B.C. Marula, Scelerocarya birrea, subspecies caffera, is one of Africa'; botanical treasures.
		The Marula Fruit is very juicy and aromatic and is the size of a small plum.
		Marula trees are dioecious, which means they have a specific sex.
	www.krugerpark.co.za /africa_marula.html (568 words)

	Bristol University \| Research news \| Drunken elephants
		The marula tree, a member of the same family as the mango, grows widely in Africa.
		Assuming that fermenting marula fruit has an alcohol content of 7 percent, it would require 7.1 gallons (27 litres) of marula juice to come up with that half-gallon of alcohol, the scientists say.
		Myth, marula and elephant: An assessment of voluntary ethanol intoxication of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) following feeding on the fruit of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea).
	www.bris.ac.uk /researchreview/2006/11363083475.html (607 words)

	Marula Legends
		Festivals are held in the marula fruits' honour throughout southern Africa, to celebrate the harvest from the fields in February.
		A whole range of beliefs is developed around the marula tree; it is known to the Zulu as the "marriage tree," for it is a symbol of fertility and is used in a cleansing ritual before marriage.
		The marula stone is used as dice by Shangaan diviners, who cast their "bones" to foresee the future or help their clients with a variety of problems or maladies.
	www.marula.org.za /legends.htm (1109 words)

	AKAMUTI - Natural & Organic Skincare - Online shop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Marula trees can produce up to a tonne of fruit which are very high in vitamin C (four times more than oranges) and form an important ingredient in local jams, jellies and alcoholic drinks such as the famous liquor 'Amarula Cream'.
		Marula is also used as a healing medicine by communities to treat diseases from measles to dysentry and rheumatism.
		Marula trees are also known as Elephant Trees being particular favourites with elephants who love to gorge themselves on the fruit and enjoy the bark so much they endanger the trees by stripping the trunk.
	www.akamuti.co.uk /marulaoil.htm (455 words)

	Marula Platinum
		Marula Platinum Limited (Marula) is 77.5% owned by Implats and was one of the first operations developed on the relatively under-exploited eastern limb of the Bushveld Complex in South Africa.
		Marula is currently converting to conventional breast mining as the initial mine plan utilising mechanised bord-and-pillar techniques proved unsuccessful due to steeper dips and the unexpected rolling of the reef.
		In addition to the BEE equity stakes in Marula, the company is determined to maximise the benefits of the mine for the community even further.
	www.implats.co.za /business/marula.asp (638 words)

	Marula PGM Plant Commissioned - Mining Technology
		The plant and infrastructure project undertaken for the Marula platinum mine was, in terms of value and size, the biggest PGM related contract undertaken by DRA to date.
		Marula expects to produce 16,000oz of platinum in concentrate during Impala¡¯s current financial year with an eventual target of 100,000oz of platinum a year from January 2006.
		The Marula plant and its layout have been designed so that it is possible to add a second module, increasing capacity to 400,000t a month should Impala and its partners wish to implement a phase II expansion in the future.
	www.mining-technology.com /contractors/separation/dowding/press8.html (594 words)

	Marula Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) is indegenous to Africa.
		The Marula Tree bears fruit which is similar to a mango, only much smaller - it weighs only 15 grams.
		The Marula Tree is known for its abundunt crop and its lavish size - it gets up to 15 metres high and wide.
	www.knet.co.za /ddkmarula (206 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Swazi police target marula drinkers
		Marula drinkers say the beer is invigorating and does not cause bad hangovers.
		Authorities are also concerned at the number of Swazis who lose their jobs because of their marula habit, many of whom are the main family breadwinner.
		But the appetite for the drink is insatiable, and buses and trucks carrying loads of 25-litre containers of marula beer are still a common sight on the roads.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/1789661.stm (407 words)

	@The Source Israel Online Magazine
		Towering marula trees with full leafy branches are testimony to Elaine's claim that the marula thrives in Ketura's desert environment.
		Marula trees require only one-fourth the amount of water that citrus trees need in order to bear fruit.
		In addtion, the fruit of the marula has four times the amount of vitamin C than that of citrus fruts.
	www.thesourceisrael.com /issue31/tour.shtml (814 words)

	On TV : The Thirsty Traveler : Maurula : Fine Living
		As the marula fruit ripens and falls to the ground, its fragrance is carried on the African breeze and picked up by eager, voracious elephants, who will walk for days to gorge themselves on its luscious fruit.
		The marula fruit is one of the most versatile fruits on the planet.
		Marula beer is commonly served at traditional feasts and ceremonies such as marriages and funerals.
	www.fineliving.com /fine/thirsty_traveler/article/0,1663,FINE_10176_3148771,00.html (371 words)

	Drunken elephants: The marula fruit myth
		Dispelling years of anecdotes in travelogues, the popular press, and scholarly works, biologists from the University of Bristol argue that it is nearly impossible for elephants to become intoxicated from eating the fruit of the marula tree.
		Disregarding a large fruit pit, the metabolism of alcohol over time, and the unlikeliness of total ethanol absorption, a three-ton elephant gorging itself quickly on nothing but marula fruit would still be hard-pressed to ingest enough ethanol to reach a blood alcohol content indicative of inebriation.
		Elephants also eat the bark of the marula tree, which is home to a beetle pupae traditionally used to poison arrow tips.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-12/uocp-det120505.php (355 words)

	Focus on... Tree crops: Marula - Africa's 'treasure tree'
		But the range of Marula products is increasing and during the last four years, the development of a range of skin care products based on marula pip oil, has shown the extensive market potential of this indigenous African fruit.
		Marula pips, at first an ignored by-product of the fruit pulp extraction process, were subsequently recognised for containing a valuable oil.
		Distel, manufacturers of Amarula, have sponsored a booklet about marula, and the provincial government have also established a marula nursery which aims to distribute 5 million trees for planting in homesteads, as part of a reforestation programme.
	www.new-agri.co.uk /06-5/focuson/focuson8.html (806 words)

	Marula Oil (kernel oil) ~ Organic
		Marula oil has been found to be tremendously stable and stands above all known natural liquid oils.
		Marula is uniquely African as it grows especially well in the Northeast area of South Africa and is indigenous to Africa.
		The Marula tree is known to the Zulus as the 'marriage tree,' since it is a symbol of fertility and is used in a cleansing ritual before marriage.
	www.sunrosearomatics.com /catalog/shop/shopexd.asp?id=1238 (756 words)

	IUCN Regional Office for Southern Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Marula fruit pulp is a natural product of the organically grown and harvested marula fruit.
		Marula Oil is rich in antioxidants and oleic acid, essential components for the maintenance of healthy skin.
		Marula Natural Products is one of the eight Southern African enterprises being showcased at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August as part of an initiative of the IUCN (World Conservation Union).
	www.iucnrosa.org.zw /news/works_sa_marula.html (339 words)

	marula.net
		Marula oil producers in southern Africa are now represented by PhytoTrade Africa.
		I use the income from Marula kernels ‘iyasiwondla lokusisiza kakhulu’ (income takes care of us and helps us in many ways) to buy maize-meal, laundry soap, sugar, salt and pay school fees for my grandchildren.
		Before selling Marula kernels, I used to make and sell mats for between E50-80 (US$8-11) per mat and I would make a maximum of six mats per month.
	www.marula.net (475 words)

	Debating the hot issues
		Marula trees produce several hundred kg per tree on average but certain trees have been known to produce up to an incredible three tons of fruits during the season from January to May in South Africa.
		The two to three edible nuts of the seed are eaten raw or roasted; from these, a stable oil is pressed for use in cosmetic creams and as a meat preservative.
		Marula is the source material of the famous South Africa Amarula liquor, one of the largest single-product export earners of South Africa.
	www.pub.ac.za /issues/articles_marula.htm (819 words)

	News in Science - 'Drunk' elephants back on the wagon - 08/12/2005
		It is an enduring image of the South African bush: elephants staggering across the veldt after gorging themselves on the delectable marula fruit, which ferments into an alcohol that sends the great beasts reeling.
		Elephants gather around marula trees when the fruit is in season but prefer to strip it from branches rather than gather it from the ground, where it ferments.
		Fallen marula fruit may naturally ferment to an ethanol content of about 3% after three or four days.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1526783.htm (385 words)

	Marula Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Marula oil is naturally produced and cold-pressed from the seed kernel of the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp.
		Marula oil has in recent years undergone a process of research and development and other investigations.
		Other functional features of marula oil, related to the presence of antioxidants in specially processed marula oil, are under research and development (CRIAA SA-DC, in preparation).
	www.marula.net /MarketingSupport.htm (473 words)

	Marula - Plants - Flora and Fauna - Tourism of Botswana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Marula is a single-stemmed tree with a wide-spreading, round crown of which the most diagnostic feature is the characteristic grey, mottled bark, peeling in disc-shaped flakes.
		Distribution: The Marula does not flourish in deep sand and therefore occurs on firm soil.
		It is widely distributed in the Okavango Delta, but isolated specimens rather than pure woodland are the norm.
	www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw /flora_and_fauna/marula.html (211 words)

	African Trading Company - Amarula
		During February, at the height of the African summer, the olive green fruit of the Marula tree ripens to a golden yellow and its intense tropical fragrance floats on the warm summer breeze, luring various species of wild animals from miles around.
		The ripe marula is light yellow in colour and composed of a leathery skin enclosing white fibrous flesh and a large stone.
		Once the ripe fruit of the marula has been gathered, the kernels are removed in a destoner and the flesh crushed from the skin.
	www.africantradingco.com /amarula.html (1107 words)

	Amarula
		As the marulas ripen the local inhabitants harvest them from the veld and deliver them to the marula plant or to central pick-up points.
		The fruit solids are compressed to extract all the juice and then distilled to release the marula fruit flavours, which are added to the marula wine.
		The marula wine is distilled in copper pot-stills to produce the characteristically flavourful marula spirit, which is then oak-matured for two years in small oak barrels.
	www.amarula.com /about/process.asp (394 words)

	Marula
		The marula tree is a highly appreciated tree in northern Namibia.
		Marula fruits may be of vital nutritional importance as the production happens during the period where not much food is ready.
		The marula brew is a quite potent alcoholic drink and quarelling and fighting can easily break out when men have been at the brew all day.
	www.larsen-twins.dk /213marula.html (405 words)

	Domestication and Introduction of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. Caffra) as a New Crop for the Negev Desert of Israel
		Caffra) as a new crop for the Negev desert of Israel.
		Marula fruits abscise before ripening; at this stage the skin color is green and the fruit is firm.
		Marula was established well at various sites in the Negev Desert, differing in environmental conditions.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-496.html (1728 words)

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