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Topic: Marxist feminism

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	Marxist / Materialist Feminism
		Materialist Feminism is a "way of reading" that rejects the dominant pluralist paradigms and logics of contingency and seeks to establish the connections between the discursively constructed differentiated subjectivities that have replaced the generic "woman" in feminist theorizing, and the hierarchies of inequality that exploit and oppress women.
		The authors differentiate materialist feminism from marxist feminism by indicating that it is the end result of several discourses (historical materialism, marxist and radical feminism, and postmodern and psychoanalytic theories of meaning and subjectivity) among which the postmodern input, in their view, is the source of its defining characteristics.
		I understand Marxist Feminism as the body of theory produced by feminists who, adopting the logic of analysis of historical materialism, expand the scope of the theory while critically incorporating useful insights and knowledges from non-marxist theorizing, just as Marx grappled with the discoveries of the classical economists and their shortcomings.
	www.cddc.vt.edu /feminism/mar.html (3132 words)

	English 100: Intro to English Studies
		Feminism is not a methodology or a theory unified by reference to a single propler noun (e.g.
		Indeed I wish feminism was "always a radical and political form of critique." Unfortunately, and perhaps inevitably with a movement as widespread and successful as feminism, the term is often invoked for ends quite conservative and reactionary.
		As a Marxist, I find myself sympathetic to the political agenda of feminism, but often at odds theoretically with the humanist framework of assumptions of liberal feminists--the group which comprises by far the majority of feminists in the academy.
	www.english.ilstu.edu /Strickland/110/feminism.htm (411 words)

	What Kind of Feminist Are You?
		Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in Greek mythology, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Amazon feminism focuses on physical equality and is opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women based on assumptions that women are supposed to be, look, or behave as if they are passive, weak and physically helpless.
		Male feminism seeks to unearned privilege as it has been afforded to men and defines and understands it as unjust, acknowledge just how harmful men (include male feminist) oppressive actions have been to others, and try to envision non-oppressive ways of being in the world.
	www.umt.edu /wcenter/default_files/page0004.htm (1279 words)

	Marxist feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marxist feminism is a sub-type of feminist theory which focuses on the dismantling of capitalism as a way to liberate women.
		Marxist feminism states that capitalism, which gives rise to economic inequality, dependence, political confusion and ultimately unhealthy social relations between men and women, is the root of women's oppression.
		According to Marxist theory, in capitalist societies the individual is shaped by class relations; that is, people's capacities, needs and interests are seen to be determined by the mode of production that characterises the society they inhabit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxist_feminism (429 words)

	Introduction to Ecofeminism - Karen J. Warren (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There are two main ecological indications of liberal feminism: the first draws the line of moral considerability at humans, separating humans from nonhumans and basing any claims to moral consideration of nonhumans either on the alleged rights or interests of humans, or on the consequences of such consideration for human well-being.
		Traditional Marxist feminism views the oppression of women as a kind of class oppression, a direct result of the institution of class society and, under capitalism, private property.
		The claim is that language that so feminizes nature and naturalizes women describes, reflects, and perpetuates the domination and inferiorization of both by failing to see the extent to which the twin dominations of women and nature (including animals) are, in fact, culturally (and not merely figuratively) analogous.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/courses/ecowarrn.html (4841 words)

	Feminista! v4n1 - One Purpose, Many Voices
		Feminism is advocacy of the rights of women based on the theory of equality of the sexes.
		Marxist and radical feminists would argue, however, that blatant and rampant sexism and discrimination still exist, that equal legal rights and political protest are not enough to end the oppression of women.
		If feminism and the women's movement mean advocacy of and enthusiasm for the inalienable human rights and achievements of women, then feminism must strive to redress inequalities in the protection and distribution of those rights.
	www.feminista.com /archives/v4n1/eaton.html (2293 words)

	Marxist Feminism/Materialist Feminism
		I always considered Vogel a Marxist Feminist because, unlike Socialist Feminists (whose avoidance of Marx's alleged reductionisms led them to postulate ahistorical theories of patriarchy), she took Marxism seriously and her analysis of reproduction as a basis for the oppression of women is firmly grounded within the Marxist tradition.
		Rosemary Hennessy (1993) traces the origins of Materialist Feminism in the work of British and French feminists who preferred the term materialist feminism to Marxist feminism because, in their view, Marxism had to be transformed to be able to explain the sexual division of labour.
		Materialism (i.e., the Marxist method), she argued, is the only theory of history that views oppression as the most fundamental reality; this is why women and all oppressed groups need it to examine their situation: "to start from oppression defines a materialist approach...
	www.colorado.edu /Sociology/gimenez/work/rphil.html (4852 words)

	Topics in Feminism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Feminism is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks justice for women and the end of sexism in all forms.
		Although the term "feminism" in English is rooted in the mobilization for woman suffrage in Europe and the US during the late 19th and early 20th century, of course efforts to obtain justice for women did not begin or end with this period of activism.
		Feminism is grounded on the belief that women are oppressed or disadvantaged by comparison with men, and that their oppression is in some way illegitimate or unjustified.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/feminism-topics (6673 words)

	Feminism? You want feminism? Which brand would you like? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Feminism is exhibited by a spirit of unrest among a comparatively small number of dissatisfied women.
		Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
		Although it is obvious that feminism is far from a unified ideology, other than perhaps that the vast majority of its various factions is united in its opposition to traditional moral standards and especially all things male, there is another reality to the vast number of variations amongst feminist factions.
	www.fathersforlife.org /feminism/femterms.htm (11300 words)

	[No title]
		I had thought that feminism was about equality for women, equal treatment under the law, equal education, equal opportunity, equal dignity and respect.
		But then the great evil occurred, the Marxist original sin, men discovered that they were fathers and they claimed their right to their children and the right to pass their property on to their children.
		The Marxist had focused on the economic issues, but according to Marxist theory, the first oppression was caused by marriage.
	www.ewtn.com /library/ISSUES/FEMINISM.TXT (3814 words)

	[No title]
		Historically, radical feminism started with the assumption that the sexes are adversarially poised, that men have power over women, and that society and its various social relationships can be best understood in terms of their relationship to that situation (Eisenstein 1983).
		The women who continued to work mainly within a Marxist framework to critique the limited Marxist perspectives and oppressive tendencies of the male left developed Marxist feminism, which was a furthering of dialectical materialist conceptualizations of women's oppression (a previously acknowledged but long-neglected topic in Marxist literature-Morgan 1982).
		Both "Marxist feminism" and "socialist feminism" are terms which imply the inclusion of specifically feminist perspectives and theories along with the Marxist perspective, thus giving the impression that these perspectives provide one with as much of a feminist analysis as is likely to be useful in understanding society.
	home.earthlink.net /~ahunter/RFvSoc/conflict.html (1470 words)

	Dirty Laundry
		Marxist feminists advocate restructuring the family and paying womyn for housework/child care, or socializing this work so that it is done by other people.
		The problem with Marxist feminism is that it is very culturally specific to white middle-class America.
		Marxist feminism also focuses excessively on class structures while ignoring issues of race, age, gender, and other societal problems.
	www.cornellcollege.edu /e-zine/myths/comparecontrast.html (1028 words)

	Marxist Feminism
		Marxist feminism arises out of the doctrines of Karl Marx, whose theory is centered less on the material aspects of life than on the more broadly defined social ones.
		Marxist feminists base their arguments of moral right and wrong in reference to the corruption of wage labor that is in itself an expression of class distinctions.
		What appears to have gone unnoticed in Marxism, Marxist feminism, and radical feminism is that there is the perception that in the capitalist system there is a stripping away of the spiritual qualities of life as a person is reduced to being a mere cog in a machine.
	www.feministissues.com /marxist.html (631 words)

	ASK AMY: FEMINISM
		In my free time I surf the web, and lately I've been coming across different brands of feminism; such as "Marxist feminism, moderate feminism, individualist feminism." I was wondering if you find any "type" of feminism more valid than others.
		However, I think that they are many ways to express your feminism and many ways to pursue feminism, but this is about approach not definition.
		The entire purpose of feminism is to open up choices to women and to ensure that individual women can makes choices, therefore a group of people who are opposing women's choices aren't really feminists to me. It's not so much what choice women make, but the power to make a choice.
	www.feminist.com /askamy/feminism/301_fem6.html (301 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Fe
		Feminism is the ideology of, or theoretical commitment to, the Women's Liberation Movement.
		Socialist Feminism, in which women's emancipation is seen as intimately connected to the emancipation of the working class and consequently of humanity as a whole.
		Within Socialist Feminism, “Marxist Feminism” is the current which employs the theoretical legacy of Marxism in order to theorise the special oppression of women within the relations of production, both domestic and social.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/f/e.htm (1622 words)

	Radical Philosophy - print friendly
		Given the conflicting views that coexist under the materialist cover, I will argue for a clear break between Materialist and Marxist Feminisms, and for a return to the latter necessitated by the devastating effects of capitalism on women and the consequent political importance of a theoretically adequate analysis of the causes of their plight.
		Take, for example, Lise Vogel's work.1 I always considered Vogel a Marxist Feminist because, unlike Socialist Feminists (whose avoidance of Marx's alleged reductionisms led them to postulate ahistorical theories of patriarchy),2 she took Marxism seriously and her analysis of reproduction as a basis for the oppression of women is firmly grounded within the Marxist tradition.
		The terrain of those early debates, which were aimed at a possible integration or synthesis between Marxism and feminism, shifted due to the emergence of identity politics, concern with postcolonialism, sexuality, race, nationalism, and so on, and the impact of postmodernism and poststructuralism.
	www.radicalphilosophy.com /print.asp?editorial_id=10045 (1165 words)

	Marxist Feminism (was Re: kelley on katie roiphe)
		Secondly, the kind of 'instrumentalist' Marxist description of women's oppression - as if it were a tool to be (fairly arbitrarily) picked up whenever the time seems right - is not necessarily accepted by modern proponents of M-F (e.g.
		Finally the comments of some people on a Marxist list about sex workers are hardly a criterion for judging either Marxism, or Marxist-Feminism.
		Any so-called Marxist who argues that non-productive labour is not 'real' labour is a poor Marxist, and an even poorer friend of the working class.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /1999/1999-June/011206.html (395 words)

	Marxism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similarly the use of Marxist theory in politics, including the social democratic movements in 20th century Europe, the Soviet Union and other Eastern bloc countries, Mao and other revolutionaries in agrarian developing countries have added new ideas to Marx and otherwise transmuted Marxism so much that it is difficult to specify its core.
		Marxist humanists contend that ‘Marxism’ developed lopsided because Marx’s early works were unknown till after the orthodox ideas were in vogue — the Manuscripts of 1844 were published only in 1932 — and it is necessary to understand Marx’s philosophical foundations to understand his latter works properly.
		Marxist political parties and movements have significantly declined since the fall of the Soviet Union, with some exceptions, perhaps most notably Nepal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxist (6347 words)

	MARXIST FEMINISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Marxist Feminism is a form of feminism which believes that women's oppression is a symptom of a more fundamental form of oppression.
		Marxist Feminism postulates that women are not oppressed by men or by sexism, but by capitalism itself.
		Engels assumed that socialist revolution, through which the means of production would become common property, would result in the development of equal access to paid work for both men and women and the consequent disappearance of gendered inequality between the sexes.
	sociologyindex.com /marxist_feminism.htm (177 words)

	Science and Society: OVERVIEW PAGE
		The editors of, and contributors to, this special issue have a strong message for their sisters and brothers in the feminist movement (all waves thereof): neither neoliberalism, nor mainstream political liberalism, nor postmodernism can offer a secure ground for continued development of feminist thought and the movement for women's equality.
		To make real progress, feminism must, in effect, be Marxist feminism; it must embrace the methodology and theoretical strategy begun in the work of Marx and Engels, and continued in the mainstream of Marxist practice up to the present.
		Meanwhile, Marxist scholars, concentrating on political economy, the state, and so forth, see themselves as having little to say about women's oppression; paradoxically, they thereby capitulate to the weaknesses of ahistorical dual systems theorizing.
	www.scienceandsociety.com /editorial_jan05.html (776 words)

	Notes from Feminism Discussion
		Liberal feminism assumes that women are the rational equals of men and that legal and political barriers are the only things keeping them from full participation and equality in the workforce.
		Liberal feminism is criticized for being too white, middle-class, and individualist, criticisms many liberal feminists have responded to by recognizing the oppression of women in the third world and joining with women in the inner-cities to bring about equality.
		Underlying Marxist feminism, to differing degrees, is the idea that, if women want to be free of the control of men, they must be materially independent.
	www.rso.cornell.edu /gradcf/show.php?roundtable_feminism (1765 words)

	Smaller Feminist Schools: From Global To Marxist
		Libertarian feminism is a right-wing political movement that is very closely related to Anarchy feminism.
		Marxist feminism is often grouped with socialist, materialist and welfare feminism.
		For Marxist feminists, a sexual class is almost irrelevant; when NO class system exists patriarchy will end and female oppression will disappear.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/13914/76808 (440 words)

	Marxism versus feminism - The class struggle and the emancipation of women
		For Marxists, the root cause of all forms of oppression consists in the division of society into classes.
		Lenin and Russian Marxists waged an implacable struggle on the one hand against all forms of national oppression, but also on the other hand against the attempts of bourgeois and petit bourgeois nationalists to make use of the national question for demagogic purposes.
		Actually, the whole history of the movement shows that the class question is primary, and that there has always been a sharp struggle between the women of the oppressed classes, who stood for revolutionary change, and the well-to-do women "progressives" who merely used the question of the oppression of women for their own selfish purposes.
	www.marxist.com /marxism-feminism-class-struggle-emancipation-women.htm (5711 words)

	Monthly Review March 2003 Nancy Holmstrom
		Feminism that speaks of women’s oppression and its injustice but fails to address capitalism will be of little help in ending women’s oppression.
		Socialist feminism is the approach with the greatest capacity to illuminate the exploitation and oppression of most of the women of the world.
		For Tong, “[a]lthough it is possible to distinguish between Marxist and socialist-feminist thought, it is quite difficult to do so.” While there are theoretical differences among socialists and feminists on various issues, which in some contexts are important, the terms “Marxist” or “socialist” or “materialist” do not necessarily denote different perspectives.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0303holmstrom.htm (3702 words)

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