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	Marxist historiography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marxist or historical materialist historiography is an influential school of historiography.
		The chief tenets of Marxist historiography are the centrality of social class and economic constraints in determining historical outcomes.
		Marxist history is generally teleological, in that it posits a direction of history, towards an end state of history as classless human society.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxist_historiography (674 words)

	Marxism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although there are still many Marxist revolutionary social movements and political parties around the world, since the collapse of the Soviet Union and its satellite states, relatively few countries have governments which describe themselves as Marxist.
		From a Marxist perspective, the actually-existing basic classes in today's advanced economies are the capitalist class, the new middle classes who engage in both labour and managerial responsibilities, self-employed proprietors, the working class and a lower "lumpenised" stratum.
		It is common to speak of Marxian rather than Marxist theory when referring to political study that draws from the work of Marx for the analysis and understanding of existing (usually capitalist) economies, but rejects the more speculative predictions that Marx and many of his followers made about post-capitalist societies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxism (5152 words)

	Q. Edward Wang \| Encountering the World: China and Its Other(s) in Historical Narratives, 1949–89 \| Journal of ...
		The Chinese experimentation of modern historiography, defined by and large by the experience of Euro-American historians of the late nineteenth century, was closely associated with their country's experience in encountering with the West from the mid-nineteenth century onward.
		Following the Marxist doctrine on social development, which predicted the ultimate triumph of socialism and Communism over capitalism, these historians argued that the primary reasons to study Western historiography were to show the "superiority" of Marxism in historical writing, supply the specifics for such "superiority," and explicate its teleology.
		He announced that with regard to the periodization question in the history of historiography, there were mainly two major periods: the pre-Marxist, pre-scientific period, and the Marxist, scientific period, for "in the development of historical science, a turning point occurred in the mid-nineteenth century, thanks for the birth of Marxism.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.3/wang.html (12061 words)

	THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC AND IDEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS OF THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY DEBATE ON MAN'S PLACE IN NATURE
		The theory in question is that of the historiography of science, and the praxis to which it is applied is the attempt to write about the debate on man's place in nature in nineteenth-century Britain.
		Reverting once again to Needham's Marxist thesis about men and their ideas being born of their time, it is important to add the corollary that changed men with changed consciousness are the products of changed times.
		However, whether or not Marxist historians have advanced substantially beyond Marx, their contribution today has a new importance, because of the changes which are at present taking place in the social sciences.
	human-nature.com /dm/chap6.html (15293 words)

	North Korean Historiography in Crisis
		After WWII, while the Marxist scholar-politicians such as Paek Nam-un, Ch’ŏe Ch’ang-ik and Kim Tu-bong occupied the highest positions in the DPRK, their scholarly views were adopted by the newly established historical circles and continued to dominate until the crisis of the Korean War (1950-1953).
		As a result, the Pokrovsky’s school of Marxist historiography was demolished in the USSR for advocating a “subjective conception of Marxism”.
		Once it became important to overcome the conventional Marxist views on Korea’s history as "abnormal” and “backward”, the legacy of the Socio-economic school of historiography was to be regarded merely as outdated and harmful.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/champion/65/crisis.htm (4898 words)

	Volumes 16-20: Abstracts
		Marxist historiography has always claimed to be "conceptually" rooted in the natural sciences and has therefore been concerned with the function of laws, the structure of theories, and the logical relations between hypotheses and empirical data.
		In the field of historiography, historians have not engaged in a dialogue on the subject and have accepted uncritically the value-judgments of eighteenth-century scholarship.
		Eighteenth-century historiography was not, as Meinecke argued, "the substitution of a process of individualizing observation for a generalizing view of human forces in history." This generally accepted view involves a metaphysics which, though characteristic of nineteenth-century historicism, rejects the primarily contextual evaluation of eighteenth-century historicism.
	www.wesleyan.edu /histjrnl/archives/indx1620.html (11563 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Guardian daily comment \| In defence of history
		But the most familiar impact of Marxist ideas, the stress on economic and social factors, was not specifically Marxist; it was part of a general historiographical movement which was to reach its peak in the 1950s and 1960s.
		The Marxist approach is a necessary component of this reconstruction of the front of reason.
		Marxists are not the only ones to have had this aim, but they have been its most persistent pursuers.
	www.guardian.co.uk /comment/story/0,,1390980,00.html (1418 words)

	Marxist aesthetic theory - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Marxist aesthetic theory
		Early Marxists saw art as a means of communicating socialist ideals to the masses, covering subjects relevant to their everyday lives (‘proletarian art’).
		Walter Benjamin was interested in the way that technological developments made art accessible to the masses, challenging the elitist nature of art.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Marxist+aesthetic+theory (214 words)

	Haines Brown, Bibliography for Historical Materialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A standard treatment of the subjective aspect of historiography in terms of intellectual history is Adam Schaff, History and Truth (Oxford, 1976); and useful for the US intellectual context is Linda Gordon, "Comments on 'That Noble Dream,' " American Historical Review, 96 (1991), 683-687.
		An identification of ideology with class consciousness is, with the exception of a probabilistic element, common in traditional sociology.
		Suchting, "Marx, Popper and 'Historicism,' " Inquiry,15 (1972), 235-266, for a defense of possibilistic determinism in historiography.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/10/038.html (3544 words)

	[No title]
		To join in the Marxist conversation, even just as a reader, requires an %askesis% that cannot be casual, an experience of initiation that involves extraordinary "difficulty" of every possible kind: difficult texts, difficult issues, difficult problems, a (very) difficult history, difficult political conditions.
		For Brecht, the Marxist "dialectic of history" is "comic in principle": "a source"--quoting Brecht now--"of enjoyment" heightening "both our capacity for life and our pleasure in it."^13^ Hence, explains Eagleton, the redemptive move from pessimism to "the vulgar cheerfulness of social hope": "What for Walter Benjamin is potentially tragic.
		But of course we had better push in the direction of that transindividual "libidinal apparatus" that assigns the "objective limits" (Jameson's phrase) determining such failures--and in fact to "allegorize" the trajectory of Eagleton's essay as enacting the fate of pleasure in our present "conjuncture" is to assimilate Eagleton to Jameson.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /pmc/text-only/issue.593/helmling.593 (3745 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Marxism
		One of the first major splits occurred between the advocates of social democracy, who argued that the transition to socialism could occur within existing bourgeois parlimentarian frameworks, and communists, who argued that the transition to a socialist society required a revolution.
		Social democracy emerged within the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and caused it to abandon its Marxist roots by increments, while communism resulted in the formation of various communist parties.
		This point of view ignores the overall vision and general intent of Marx and Engels's Communist Manifesto, for qualitative change to the economic system, and focuses on a few steps that Marx and Engels believed would occur, as workers emancipated themselves from the capitalist system, such as "Free education for all children in public schools".
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Marxism (3265 words)

	'A right-wing ploy'
		One of the arguments advanced is that if the Gazetteers is a legacy of the colonial past, Marxist historiography is a legacy of "outdated communist imperialism" and that there is not much to choose between the two.
		Marxist historiography the world over is still a very active academic pursuit where Marxism as a methodology is used.
		And even now I think there are people in it who never used the Marxist method in historical analysis or who used a variety of methods, including the Marxist method.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1821/18210900.htm (1062 words)

	HistoriographyDesc.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the number of scholars in "cultural studies" increases both within traditional departments and as part of "interdisciplinary studies," it is becoming every more crucial to be aware of the "stakes" of credibility and standards of argument and evidence tacitly or overtly encompassed in history-writing and histories.
		As a benchmark, the course will begin by introducing in brief the great nineteenth-century movements in historiography, including especially positivism, Geistesgeschichte (often ill-translated as "intellectual history"), and general marxist historiography.
		The goal in splitting up national historiographies in this way is to show their very clear preferences in defining what historical "data" is, and the ideological bases of their respective story-tellings.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/arens/Historiography/HistoriographyDesc.html (352 words)

	North Korean Historians at the Helm of Power
		In many ways, this approach was copied from the early official Soviet historiography of Mikhail Pokrovsky, who called upon every Marxist historian to unmask the “rottenness” of the old regime.
		The Japanese-trained Marxist historians and economists managed to occupy the highest State and Party posts and succeeded in the role of leading statesmen and ideologists.
		In other words, similarly to how the orthodox Marxist school of Pokrovsky was scrapped in the USSR in 1930s, in North Korea the tradition of Marxist history writing developed by Paek Nam-un was swept away by the forces of nationalism-inclined Juch’e historiography in the 1960s.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/champion/65/power.htm (2153 words)

	A shade of saffron
		In a statement published in a section of the media, Narayanan said that the formation of the Council was "a Marxist party conspiracy to hijack history for its destructive, sectarian purpose of party propaganda" and welcomed the government's move to dissolve it.
		Alleging that there was no scope for free intellectual discourse in the universities in Kerala as they have "Marxist Vice-Chancellors and Leftist-dominated ruling bodies imposed on them by the previous government", Parameswaran said that "the Marxists wanted the KCHR to be a super academic body to guide and patronise" the universities.
		In response to the criticism that the concept of Gazetteers is a legacy of the colonial past, Parameswaran said that "after the collapse of the communist empire, Marxist historiography is also just a legacy of outdated communist imperialism and there is not much to choose between the two".
	www.flonnet.com /fl1821/18210890.htm (1926 words)

	interactive university -- heading south, looking north
		Conversely, the fact that the Soviet Union shares with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the rare distinction of refusing nationality in its naming suggests that it is as much the legatee of the prenational dynastic states of the nineteenth century as the precursor of a twenty-first century internationalist order.
		My sense is that on this topic both Marxist and liberal theory have become etiolated in a late Ptolemaic effort to 'save the phenomena'; and that a reorientation of perspective in, as it were, a Copernican spirit is urgently required.
		My point of departure is that nationality, or, as one might prefer to put it in view of that word's multiple significations, nation-ness, as well as nationalism, are cultural artefacts of a particular kind.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7001 /Outreach/k-12education/dorfman/texthtml/anderson.html (1541 words)

	December 1996
		In this article I analyze the historiography of Chen Yinke and Fu Sinian as a case study for this ongoing process of reform.
		Chen Yinke's historiography is one of the first examples of the emerging pluralization of the relationship between dao and history, since he is aware of the subjective influences that affect a historian's research and seems to recognize that these influences can be positive.
		In this article the political aspect of discussions of historiography in the PRC is left aside; here the discussion of the relationship between data and theory is used to develop a typology of Marxist historiography in the PRC.
	www.wesleyan.edu /histjrnl/archives/dec96.html (1515 words)

	Immagined Communities
		Conversely, the fact that the Soviet Union shares with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the rare distinction of refusing nationality in its naming suggests that it is as much the legatee of the pre-national dynastic states of the nineteenth century as the precursor of a twenty-first century internationalist order.2
		Eric Hobsbawm is perfectly correct in stating that 'Marxist movements and states have tended to become national not only in form but in substance, i.e., nationalist.
		My sense is that on this topic both Marxist and liberal theory have become etiolated in a late Ptolemaic effort to 'save the phenomena'; and that a reorientation of perspective int as it were, a Copernican spirit is urgently required.
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/easteurope/sources/anderson.htm (1863 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To the extent that Marxist methodology lays special stress on the role of material forces in the shaping of history, they were able to make a significant contribution in highlighting the exploitative nature of the state under Sultanate and Mughal rulers, who appropriated the bulk of the agrarian produce, leaving the peasants in abject poverty.
		A brief critique of the work is hereby presented, with a view to explain to the general reader the objections that non-Marxists have to Marxist historiography, and to share a larger concern for veracity and objectivity in the presentation of the past, howsoever unpalatable the past may be.
		This kind of whitewashing and obfuscation of the state’s dealings with native rulers and subjects is the hallmark of Marxist historiography.
	www.bharatvani.org /indology/SatishChandra-flawed_history.doc (20634 words)

	CHAPTER IX
		From the second half of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century the social democratic movement in the Czech territories was a significant democratizing factor in Czech society and influenced the democratization processes throughout the whole Austrian kingdom.
		The Czech "Marxist philosophy", however, often was a shortened form for Marxist-Leninist philosophy, because the study of Lenin's writings, and, later also of Stalin's works, long substantially influenced the contemporary interpretation of Marx's philosophy.
		The controversy between the democratic and antidemocratic interpretations of Marxist philosophy was decided historically on the side of the democratic tendencies.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-4/chapter_ix.htm (4019 words)

	History News Network
		On October 2, 2002 you wrote, "I follow the Marxist school of thought on history most of the time...I have a BA...and MA in Labor and Radical history...".
		You argue from a Marxist viewpoint, chose a Marxist education and brought up Marxism in your first defense of Carpenter.
		Obviously there is a great deal of overlap between the two, and much of it either way is piffle, but a great number of non Marxist (in either manifestation) historians have benefited a great deal from some of the ideas of dialectical materialism that marxist scholars have introduced.
	hnn.us /readcomment.php?id=3236 (403 words)

	[No title]
		In fact, this course is of introductory character and is designed for undergraduate students.It will be taught in Russian and aimed at students in Department of History of Kaliningrad State University who would like to learn in general about the development of modern history writing, as well as at everybody interested in historical problems.
		This course is included in the standard history department curriculum prescribed by the Russian Ministry of Education and fits into the curriculum of the University.
		To some extent it differs from the previous course on the same subject which firstly, dealt with the subject exclusively from the Marxist perspective and secondly, did not cover all the important changes which the second half of the twentieth century has revealed.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/alumni/history/sergueev.html (1677 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historian in the sense of a "researcher of history" in a higher sense than that of an annalist or chronicler, who merely record events as they occur, is attested from 1531.
		Historiography is the study and analysis of history through a belief system or philosophy.
		A form of historical speculation known commonly as virtual history ("counterfactual history") has also been adopted by some historians as a means of assessing and exploring the possible outcomes if certain events had not occurred or had occurred in a different way.
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/h/hi/history_2.html (2052 words)

	HI608 Historiography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Historians also need to be aware, more than they generally have been or are, of the implications for their work of that being done in related disciplines such as sociology, social anthropology, philosophy of knowledge, literary criticism and cultural studies.
		The role of the core unit on historiography is to ensure that research students continue to be aware of all these contexts just at that critical point when they are otherwise in danger of simply tunnelling into specific materials and techniques without further reflection.
		The bulk of the unit will deal with the elaboration of frameworks of interpretation in the period from 1750, meaning the period both of modern (and post-modern) consciousness and of professional scholarly historical writing.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~pg2/HI608rl.html (3610 words)

	Czech and Slovak History: An Annotated Bibliography (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Heymann, Frederick G. "The Hussite Movement in the Historiography of the Czech Awakening." In The Czech Renascence of the Nineteenth Century, 1970 [Chapter 4, Brock and Skilling]: 224-38.
		Pesek, Thomas G. "Karel Havlicek in Czech Historiography and The Czech Intellectual Tradition." In Labyrinth of Nationalism, Complexities of Diplomacy: Essays in Honor of Charles and Barbara Jelavich, 1992 [Chapter 4, Frucht]: 84-103.
		Tibensky, Jan. "Slovak Historiography in the Period of the Beginnings of the Slovak National Revival (1780-1830)." Studia Historica Slovaca 13 (1984): 107-35.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/cash/cash13.html (3841 words)

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