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	Marxist philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term does not indicate a strictly defined sub-field of philosophy, because the diverse influence of Marxist theory has extended into fields as diverse as aesthetics, ethics, ontology, epistemology, and philosophy of science, as well as its obvious influence on political philosophy and the philosophy of history.
		Much of Marxist philosophy also subscribes to some form of weak social determinism, holding that individual subjects' choices and beliefs are strongly conditioned by the social conditions in which they exist.
		So Marxist philosophy must continue to take account of advances in the theory of politics developed after Marx, but it must also be wary of a descent into theoreticism or the temptations of idealism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxist_philosophy (618 words)

	Humanism as the Theme of Chinese Modernity
		To wit, humanism is, to Chinese scholars, merely one of the themes of the twentieth century, and a theme that was brought forth after the appearance of the Enlightenment and modernity in China.
		When humanism and other concepts were transplanted into the context of China by means of translation, their original definition underwent sensational changes and become the most energetic factors in modern Chinese cultural thinking.
		This handling of humanism in the sense of space was a rejection of the modern teleology of time, and an exposition of the relationship of knowledge/power embodied in the discourses of humanism.
	www.pum.umontreal.ca /revues/surfaces/vol5/hui.html (4953 words)

	Humanism 101: Humanism and Communism
		This means that Humanism received a clean bill of health from the most virulent anti-communist of the twentieth century (though he didn't tell anybody at the time, so we had to learn about it much later under the Freedom of Information Act).
		Humanism, on the other hand, holds that human beings, while being social animals, are nonetheless capable of independence, individuality, and the pursuit of self-interest.
		So then, while it is true that both Humanism and Marxist-Leninism recognize that humans are social animals, it is also true that Humanists, like Objectivists and libertarians, recognize the value of individual liberty and the right to pursue one's own interests (the pursuit of happiness).
	www.thehumanist.org /humanist/articles/Edwords.Mar.Apr.05.HTML (673 words)

	Louis Althusser Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These included both the threat from an empiricism which was beginning to invade Marxist sociology and economics, and a threat from humanistic and democratic socialist orientations which were beginning to corrode the purity of the European Communist Parties.
		Althusser is commonly referred to as a structuralist Marxist, although his relationship to other schools of French structuralism is not a simple affiliation.
		The essay extends the Marxist theory of ideology to include ideology's material existence in the form of "ideological state apparatuses" including the family, the Church, and the school (which, the essay concludes, is now the dominant ISA).
	www.mgzone.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/louis_althusser.html (563 words)

	M
		Its second stage is connected with the working class passing to a new and higher stage of development as the era of the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and socialist transformations sets in.
		Marxist humanists stressed the importance of the texts of Marx’s youth, especially the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, The German Ideology, and the Critique of Hegel’s "Philosophy of Right," as well as others from his maturity such as Theories of Surplus Value.
		With regard to the human and social sciences, many materialists view economic factors as playing the governing role in the development of society, determining the interests and possibilities of human beings and organizing their lives and actions.
	www.geocities.com /humanistke/m.html (3331 words)

	DAOL: Discursive resources: 2 Interventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One way of starting the story is with a theoretical intervention that was also designed to be a political practice, with the journal Ideology and Consciousness which first appeared in 1977, before any of us in the Discourse Unit were psychology undergraduates, and disappeared in 1981 as some of us embarked on our postgraduate work.
		Even the terms 'Ideology' and 'Consciousness' became, for the editors, suspiciously close to the humanist-Marxist readings they were trying to avoid, and the journal changed its name to I and C to try and prevent this happening before it folded up.
		Humanism and therapy was more predominant in these publications, and some of the participants in the 1986 'Changing the Subject' day brought with them a variety of interests ranging from Social Representations theory to Tarot cards.
	www.shu.ac.uk /schools/cs/daol/articles/v1/n1/a2/parker2002001-03.html (768 words)

	The Marxist "Religion" of the National Council of Churches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Since man, according to Marxist notions, is the source of his own creation, a group of theoreticians or a "dictatorship of the Proletariat" must emerge to define and improve that creation, in place of God, for the good of mankind.
		Marxists hold as a virtue the idea that individual man, with all his attributes such as family relationships, private ownership, limited sovereign government, and a personal relationship with God, which is the Judeo-Christian, American approach, must be replaced with a "collective" consciousness.
		The beneficiaries of this human sacrifice are the "theoreticians" who present themselves to the public as acting for the "common good".
	www.sierratimes.com /archive/morse/edcm052400.htm (1061 words)

	Marxism and Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A common criticism of Marxist philosophy is that Marxism is not "humanistic." I would beg to differ, not only does Marxism embody humanism, it transcends the limited bourgeois moralist conception of it.
		A Marxist is aware that only through the elimination of private propriety and the misconception that man is divorced from his social environment that humanism may truly flourish.
		Marxist share this outrage from the violation of individual rights but furthermore we understand that this is an inherit part of the capitalist system, a vital mechanism to maintain the status quo and hinder revolutionary social movements.
	www.socialistappeal.org /theory/marxism_and_humanism.html (437 words)

	Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Humanism is a rational philos= ophy informed by science, inspired by art, and motivated by compassion.
		Humanism thus derives the goals of life from human need and interest rather than from theological or ideolog= ical abstractions, and asserts that humanity must take responsibility for its = own destiny.
		Humanism is an ethical proce= ss through which we all can move, above and beyond the divisive particulars, heroic personalities, dogmatic creeds, and ritual customs of past religio= ns or their mere negationBut we can discover no divine purpose or providen= ce for the human species.
	www.floralheightschurchofchrist.org /webarchive/Humanism.mht (1873 words)

	Marxist Humanism
		Marxist Humanists usually base themselves on the early, humanist writings of Karl Marx, especially the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 (which had only been deciphered and translated, thanks to Raya Dunayevskaya, in the 1930s).
		Marxist humanists therefore emphasise human agency and subjectivity, as against structuralist interpretations of social theory, as, for example, espoused by Louis Althusser, and place greater emphasis on ethical rather than social-theoretical problems of Marxism.
		Eugene Kamenka is an Australian Marxist who was the first writer after the rise of Stalin in the 1920s to make a systematic investigation of Ethics from a Marxist perspective, publishing The Ethical Foundations of Marxism in 1962.
	www.marxists.org /subject/humanism (1553 words)

	review2
		Althusser was disdainful of the ‘right-wing revision’ of Marxist theory in the ascendant in Moscow.
		This is mapped in an unusually explicit form in ‘The Philosophical Conjuncture and Marxist Theoretical Research’ — a lecture given at a specially-convened public session in June 1966, which subsequently circulated widely in typescript and enjoyed a semi-public status.
		Hence for Marxists the complexities of strategic and tactical alliances in an intellectually fluid situation.
	culturemachine.tees.ac.uk /Reviews/rev41.htm (3973 words)

	CHAPTER IV
		The emerging dialogue between Marxists and Christians is evidence of a sense of rivalry accompanied by a sense of unity.
		The influence of Fichte on Marx is evident in Fichte's notions of the self-creative freedom of humanity, of the human being as a practical and social being, of the person's continuous self-transcendence, of the dialectical process of development, and of the revolt against theoretical and social dualisms.
		In both cases humanism is sacrificed to mechanism, the human to the non-human, the free to the necessary, individual project to totalitarian control, and the unformed to the formed.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series01/I-11/chapter_iv.htm (14386 words)

	The concreteness of Marxist-Humanism -- News & Letters, June 2004
		It was not only a summary of her earlier work on this theme, but it intervened in the battle of ideas going on at the time in order to meet the demands of the moment in a concrete way.
		The Marxist Left had so little interest in Marx’s 1844 ESSAYS, that the first to resurrect them were European Catholics after World War II, who used them in their struggles with the Communist parties for the hearts and minds of the masses.
		Dunayevskaya’s warning in 1965 against turning Marx’s humanism into an abstraction, and her discussion of the need for “thought to proceed to...concrete truths,” seem to me to be crucial to the perspective of concretizing an alternative to capitalism.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/2004/June/Essay_June2004.htm (2211 words)

	Humanist: Humanism in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		I shall paraphrase some of his points: it abolishes human sacrifice, promotes a this, worldly view of the heavenly, and understands spirituality as the fullest development of ethical character.
		This is because those seen to be exploited are to better their condition in the name of their human status.
		But, as noted, the Marxist-Leninist cause in China (and elsewhere) is a departure from humanism for positing the necessity of contradiction and class conflict.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1374/is_n3_v53/ai_13818495 (1203 words)

	Introduction to Marxism and the Human Individual
		The renaissance of Marxist humanism is occurring with such force and intensity in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Hungary, that one can truly speak of a movement in which the great majority of the philosophers of these countries are participating.
		This renaissance of humanism among socialists is part of an even larger movement, the significance of which has not been sufficiently recognized: the renaissance of humanism all over the world, and within different ideological camps.
		It has arisen as a reaction to the ever- increasing threat to man -- the threat of nuclear extinction and the threat to all that is specifically human: independence, aliveness, creativity, and most of all, to man's being an end in himself and not the means for institutions or purposes outside of himself.
	www.geocities.com /c_ansata/fromm1.html (962 words)

	Hobgoblin Front Page
		Ironically as a result of the atrocities in London a brief glimpse of the potential of humanity can be seen by all races and creeds in the capital helping each other out for pure humanity’s sake.
		To accept this is to accept the logic of Blair and Bush by failing to project an alternative: a philosophy of human liberation and a concrete alternative to the unsustainable, exploitative rule of capital on a global scale.
		But he conflates the position of various post-Marx Marxists, who held that value production is to be “realized” in socialism (rather than abolished), with the early Marx’s appropriation of Hegel’s Idea of Freedom working through history and transhistorical concept of labour at odds with value production.
	www.thehobgoblin.co.uk (3596 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This year's discourse partners understood discourse in the humanistic sense as future-oriented remembrance of human suffering--the innocent victims of society and history--with the practical intent to diminish this suffering.
		The discourse partners shared the background conviction that the social theories in the humanistic tradition of Hegel and Marx are at least to some extent able to fill the gap left behind by existentialism.
		Marxist humanism promises it with the innocent victims of merciless scientific-technological historical progress, when past crimes, the sufferings, the humiliations and the misery of past generations appear irreversible to the secular-humanist perspective, and beyond redress.
	georgefox.edu /academics/undergrad/departments/soc-swk/ree/SIEBERT.doc (1076 words)

	Queer Notions III Queer Left Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The New Left and the student movements of the 1960s galvanized the Italian Marxist, Mario Mieli, who was a founding member of the London Gay Liberation Front and the Italian group Fuori!.
		Here he broke with Marxist dialectics because he (mistakenly) felt it was merely objective, with no room for human subjectivity.
		The queer left critique of post-Marx Marxist organizations is appropriate, but not outside of a thorough consideration of the dialectics of philosophy and organization.
	www.graphicgirlz.com /qniii/qll.htm (1830 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Political Philosophy Forum :: Marxist Humanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Marxist Humanist theory predicts the overthrow of capitalism by the working class.
		To the extent that marxism is a humanism it is not theoretical.
		To the extent it pretends to be theoretical it is not a humanism.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-2457.html (1471 words)

	What is Humanism - Page 298 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Marxist Humanism: A state of society in which the notion class, status, and heirarchy is completely eraducated and redundant.
		Renaissance Humanism — Having confidence in the ability of human beings to determine truth and falsehood.
		Much of human progress in recent history occurred due to the defiance of religious dogma or of the presumed natural order.
	members.aol.com /sitaram/page298.htm (289 words)

	Hobgoblin Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Where that shocking event had Lenin return to Marx's origins in Hegel, and the dialectic of transformation into opposite, today's Marxists plunge not only into the latest series of economic "facts" sans any dialectical rudder, but also to a violation of the dialectical structure of Marx's Capital itself.
		But what does Mandel choose to illustrate what a commodity is? Here is his definition: "If a pound of opium, a box of dum dum bullets or a portrait of Hitler find customers on the market, the labor which has been spent on their output is socially necessary labor" (p.
		Marx, however, was so determined to stress the freedom that he warned the Paris Communards that unless control is totally in their own hands, even cooperative labor can become a "sham and a snare." He returned to the subject in Vol.
	www.thehobgoblin.co.uk /journal/6mandel.htm (5529 words)

	Queer Notions III Philosophy , Revolution and the Queer Dimension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When discussing queer subjectivity, some Marxist-Humanists and most of the Marxist Left raise contradictions within the gay community as pointing to the bourgeois nature of queer liberation itself.
		However I would like to bring out some of the points which struck me as relating directly to Raya’s column, though Jennifer had no idea what would be published on the opposite page from her essay when she wrote it.
		Lorde refers indirectly to this methodology in her Erotic as Power, as shown by Jennifer through a relation to Marx’s views on alienation and human subjectivity.
	www.graphicgirlz.com /qniii/prqd.htm (1057 words)

	Hegel, Marx, and Dunayevskaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He also spoke of the human condition, not as unchanging, but as a dynamic that can change from one historical era to the next.
		is the human struggle for freedom."* She has also written Philosophy and Revolution: From Hegel to Sartre and from Marx to Mao; and Rosa Luxemburg, Women's Liberation, and Marx's Philosophy of Revolution; as well as many other books and essays.
		Various writings by Dunayevskaya can be found in issues of News and Letters, and at the website of the NIU Marxist-Humanist Forum.
	www24.brinkster.com /revphilosophy/marx/intro.html (395 words)

	Raya Dunayevskaya. 1963
		The totality of the opposition between the world of the ruled and that of the rulers is bound to explode.
		An OBJECTIVE view of historical development of necessity reveals the subjective, the human force which will be the one to REALIZE the forward movement of humanity.
		This, precisely, is why, once we made explicit all that was implicit in the theory of state-capitalism and workers' revolt and returned to philosophy, we achieved the full circle-Marx's original Humanism rather than yet one other form of vanguardism.
	www.marxists.org /archive/dunayevskaya/works/1963/uniqueness.htm (1560 words)

	Peter McLaren: Paulo Freire, Critical Pedagogy, Marxist-Humanism, education, marxism, critical social theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The critical pedagogy which I support and practice advocates non-violent dissent, the development of a philosophy of praxis guided by a Marxist humanism, the study of revolutionary social movements and thought, and the struggle for socialist democracy.
		As Freire writes in The Pedagogy of Freedom, "Terrorism is the negation of what I call a universal human ethic." Critical pedagogy is driven by the engine of class struggle in both national and international arenas.
		The Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies is published by the Institute for Education Policy Studies, an independent Radical Left/ Socialist/ Marxist institute for developing analysis of education policy.
	www.gseis.ucla.edu /faculty/pages/mclaren/body4.html (1037 words)

	The New York Review of Books: MARXISM
		Lichtheim's statement that Marxist humanism is "more suited to the academy than to the organization of a mass movement" (NYR, 9-16) to attempt entry.
		Lichtheim himself is a Marxist of some kind or another; he certainly does a good job in exposing the lack of Marxism in Marxism in the Modern World.
		In contrast to his opposition to the Cold War context of this work, he praises Socialist Humanism, the other book under review from which I quoted the sentence, above, about the unsuitability of Marxist humanism for organizing a labor movement.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/12712 (340 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Amazon.ca: Books: Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today.
		Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today.
		Top of Page : Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0394172736 (96 words)

	AN INTRODUCTION TO EXISTENTIALISM
		Human nature formed by radical choice, not by socio-economic material conditions.
		But possible links between dialogical existentialism and neo-Marxism or Marxist humanism, especially in Merleau-Ponty.
		this age, all history, the human race as a whole must pass."
	www.class.uidaho.edu /ngier/315/315intro.htm (660 words)

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