Marxist international relations theory

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	International relations theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		International relations theories can be divided into "positivist/rationalist" theories which focus on a principally state-level analysis, and"post-positivist/reflectivist" ones which incorporate expanded meanings of security, ranging from class, to gender, to postcolonial security.
		Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories of IR are a positivist theory which reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects.
		Influential in the study of a feminist international relations has been the work of Dr. Cynthia Enloe, who in her books has systmatically re-evaluated the ways in which IR is typically gendered.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_relations_theory (2031 words)

	International relations theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marxist and Neo-Marxist international relations theories are positivist paradigms which reject the realist/liberal view of state conflict or cooperation; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects.
		International relations theories can be divided into "positivist/rationalist" theories which focus on a principally state-level analysis, and"post-positivist/reflectivist" ones which incorporate expanded meanings of security, ranging from class, to gender, to postcolonial security.
		Whereas realism deals mainly with security and material power, and liberalism looks primarily at economic interdependence and domestic-level factors, Constructivism in international relations most concerns itself with the role of ideas in shaping the international system (of course, there is some over lap between liberalism and constructivism, but they remain two separate schools of thought).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_relations_theory (1252 words)

	Political Science and International Relations Library University of Waterloo
		Provides data on the condition, organization, policies, activities, and international relations of communist or Marxist/Leninist parties throughout the world.
		Grouped by main subjects, for example, crime and criminal justice, environment, international relations, security, women and children, etc., this resource provides very comprehensive information on web sites, books, reports, and other important materials, and conclude with research strategies and tips on the most efficient ways to search for certain types of information.
		With an international and wide-ranging scope, the dictionary encompasses issues such as voting theory and feminism, to Chinese and Muslim political thought.
	www.lib.uwaterloo.ca /libguides/9-6.html (1070 words)

	horton.html
		Some elements of Marxist international theory object to the spread of international civil society because it is held to be the superstructural handmaiden of world capitalism, helping to deepen the relations of domination which characterize it.
		In this devotion to a new world order, Marxist international theory is in accord with the tenets of deep ecology.
		Hence, Marxist theory looks upon world politics as another arena of bourgeois domination; however, with the inevitable transition from capitalism to socialism, this international state of war will ultimately give way to a state of peace.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/horton.html (1070 words)

	Webster University Vienna
		Students consider the growing literature on international relations theory, classical and modern, including realism, idealism, behavioralism, globalism, and Marxist and imperialist theories, and the people who have elaborated these ideas and the context in which they did so.
		The relationship of theory to the practice of international relations is considered.
		The international relations curriculum is designed to enable the student to examine and understand the complexities and processes involved in the relationships among institutions of international governance.
	www.webster.ac.at /vienna/w/ac_003_04.html (1070 words)

	Herman Schwartz - GFIR 738 - Spring 2001
		Robert Gilpin: Political Economy of International Relations organized around the holy trinity of "marxist," "liberal" and "statist" (aka mercantilist, realist) approaches (which Gilpin originated), but heavily favoring a realist, hegemonic stability gloss on the usual trio of money, trade and MNCs.
		T McKeown: "Hegemonic Stability Theory and 19th Century tariff levels in Europe." International Organization 37:1, winter 1983, pp.
		D Snidal, "The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory," International Organization 39 (Autumn 1985): 579-614.
	www.people.virginia.edu /~hms2f/738-s01.html (2267 words)

	POL 204 - The Third World and International Relations
		Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism.
		World Voting Realignments in the United Nations, 1946-84," International Organization 43: 505-41, Summer 1989.
		Why the Third World Should be the Priority of the Clinton Administration." Third World Quarterly, vol.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /faculty/thompson/courses/pol204.html (2267 words)

	International Rooksbyism
		What this, of course, represses is the central fact of contemporary international relations: one single member of the Pacific Union—the United States—has acquired absolute military dominance over every other state or combination of states on the entire planet, a development without precedent in world history.
		In recent times Marxist theory has suffered from a series of withering attacks by postmodernists, pluralists and proponents of forms of ‘identity politics’ who claim, amongst other things, that Marxism is reductionist and simplistic, focusing merely on class and political economy in its analysis of social forces and human identity.
		In this system, sovereignty is reconceived as a partial and conditional licence, granted by the ‘international community’, which can be withdrawn should any state fail to meet the domestic or foreign standards laid down by the requirements of liberal governance.
	introoksbyism.blogspot.com (2267 words)

	Chapter 3
		Sociology has traditionally ignored (up to and including the Marxist debate on state theory) not merely international relations but the basic territorial aspect of the state.
		There has been a tendency, in the appropriation of sociology by international relations to see the former as more unified than it actually is: it is to be hoped that this book conveys something of the debate within sociology which is needed to make the discipline relevant to the new international situation.
		One might think that sociology had no more to offer to international relations than a more weighty, secure intellectual underpinning for positions which are under challenge within the discipline; paradoxically, the radical infusion of social categories may have effects which are intellectually conservative.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/hafa3/global3.htm (2267 words)

	Miller Center — Kenneth Thompson
		Thompson’s desire to ground international relations thought in history led him to distrust mono-causal theories, whether the Marxist championing of class and economic relations, the liberal faith in democratic government, or the ’scientific’ theorizing of much of international relations thought since the behavioral revolution.
		For Thompson, theory picks out what is most essential from reality, but theory that strays too far from the complexity of reality revealed in history is more likely to be the projection of the theorist’s own prejudices than a useful way of understanding the international states-system.
		Thompson’s assertion of the truths derived by the realist tradition from political philosophy, international history, and Christian theology has been questioned by behaviorists and neo-realists, who see it as ‘soft’, and by moral critics, who see it as cynical.
	millercenter.virginia.edu /about/scholars/thompson.html (2267 words)

	Marxism and Philosophy by Karl Korsch (1923)
		We are not concerned here with the social history of the working-class as a whole, but only with the internal development of Marxist theory in its relation to the general class history of the proletariat.
		Sufficient proof of this is one writer’s account of the relation between Marxist science and politics, who was in the best sense a representative Marxist theoretician of the Second International.
		The major weakness of vulgar socialism is that, in Marxist terms, it clings quite ‘unscientifically’ to a naive realism – in which both so-called common sense, which is the ‘worst metaphysician’, and the normal positivist science of bourgeois society, draw a sharp line of division between consciousness and its object.
	www.marxists.org /archive/korsch/1923/marxism-philosophy.htm (2267 words)

	Political Science 857
		Realism represents the oldest and the dominant paradigm in international relations theory.
		Most of the course explores eight traditions in international relations scholarship, five "mainstream" (realism, neo-realism, society of states, neoliberalism, and liberalism) and three critical (marxist, constructivist, post-structural, and feminist).
		Our primary concern is to examine and assess each approach's foundational assumptions, method and scope of the problem defined, understanding of the units of global politics, how it conceptualizes international institutions, and the relationship between agency and international structure.
	www.polisci.wisc.edu /~mbarnett/857.htm (4375 words)

	AddAll Book Searching and Price Comparison - submit
		Historical Materialism Book Series, #4: Historical Materialism Book Series, Pavel V. Maksakovsky: The Capitalist Cycle: An Essay on the Marxist Theory of the Cycle
		Cambridge Studies in International Relations #26: Gramsci, Historical Materialism and International Relations
		Historical Materialism Book Series, #3: Historical Materialism Book Series, Making History: Agency, Structure, and Change in Social Theory
	addall.com /New/submitNew.cgi?query=materialism&...&dispCurr=USD (786 words)

	The IR Theory Knowledge Base
		The globalist image is influenced by Marxist analyses of exploitative relations, although not all globalists are Marxists.
		Dependency theory, whether understood in Marxist or non-Marxist terms, is categorised here as part of the globalist image.
		Also included is the view that international relations are best understood if one sees them as occurring within a world-capitalist system (Viotti, P. and M. Kauppi, (eds.).
	www.irtheory.com /know.htm (786 words)

	War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This theory, advanced by scholars of international relations such as Geoffrey Blainey, argues that all wars are based on a lack of information.
		The economic theories also form a part of the Marxist theory of war, which argues that all war grows out of the class war.
		For example, the United States Government referred to the Korean War as a "police action", and the British Government was very careful to use the term "armed conflict" instead of "war" during the Falklands War in 1982 to comply with the letter of international law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War (3598 words)

	Articles - International relations
		Linked in with Marxist theories is dependency theory which argues that developed countries, in their pursuit of power, penetrate developing states through political advisors, missionaries, experts and MNCs to integrate them into the integrated capitalist system in order to appropriate natural resources and foster dependence by developing countries on developed countries.
		Under the minimal-realism theory it is possible to have two equally powerful co-hegemons with whom a smaller entity may ally in turn depending on which hegemon better fits with the smaller entity's policies at the moment (playing both sides against the middle).
		Social Constructivism focuses on the power of ideas in defining the international system - its founder, Alexander Wendt, noted that anarchy is what states make of it, implying that the international structure is not only a constraint on state action, but in fact constitutes state action through constituting the identities and interest of state agents.
	www.lastring.com /articles/International_relations?mySession=f172570d4a21ee2648d5817de3ad1f2a (3598 words)

	Encyclopedia: Feminism
		Marxist feminism is a sub-type of feminist theory which focuses on the dismantaling of capitalism as a way to liberate women and states that capitalism, which gives rise to economic inequality, dependence, political confusion and ultimately unhealthy social relations between men and women, is the root of womens...
		Feminism is a body of social theory and a political movement primarily based on, and motivated by, the experiences of women.
		First International Convention of Women in Washington D.C. Susan B. Anthony is third from the left, front row.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/feminism (3598 words)

	Encyclopedia: Communication
		Left communism Left Communism is a term describing a whole range of communist viewpoints which oppose the political ideas of the Bolsheviks from a position which is asserted to be more authentically Marxist and proletarian than the views held by the Communist International after its first two Congresses.
		Communication studies is the academic discipline that studies communication; subdisciplines include animal communication, argumentation, speech communication, rhetoric, communication theory, group communication, information theory, intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, intrapersonal communication, marketing, organizational communication, persuasion, propaganda, public affairs, public relations and telecommunication.
		Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Communication (511 words)

	SEVEN LETTERS EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION
		Beginning with the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, you imposed public polemics on the entire international communist movement in violation of the principles guiding relations among fraternal Parties as laid down in the 1960 Statement, and you asserted that to do so was to "act in Lenin's manner".
		In these circumstances, in the interests of the unity of the communist movement and desirous of stating its Marxist-Leninist viewpoints which are being libellously assailed by the Chinese press, the CC CPSU considered it necessary to discuss the question at the February Plenum of the Central Committee and thereafter openly to state its views.
		The unity of the Communists of all countries is not that of a club, it is the revolutionary unity of people guided by a common theory and fighting for a common ideal.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/classics/mao/polemics/sevenlet.html (511 words)

	Readling list for Modernity and International Relations
		For secondary expositions of this see Sayer 1985 and 1991 (Chaps.2, 4), Mommsen (especially the table on pp76-7), Brubaker, Schroeder etc. Marxist and Weberian historical explanations of the emergence of the modern state can be found in Wood 1991 and Axtman 1990 respectively.
		Mann has sought to provide a generic theory of the autonomy of the political, while, by contrast, Poulantzas has vigorously denied the possibility of such a theory.
		Within the Realist tradition itself, a central figure influenced by Weber is Morgenthau (especially ch.1) - but the themes of intellectual disenchantment, the conflict of the value-spheres and the dominance of instrumental rationality are (unconsciously?) rehearsed by Carr, Bull and Waltz respectively.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Units/IRPol/MAcourses/modernity/readings.html (511 words)

	The IR Theory Knowledge Base
		Also included is the view that international relations are best understood if one sees them as occurring within a world-capitalist system (Viotti, P. and M. Kauppi, (eds.).
		Dependency theory, whether understood in Marxist or non-Marxist terms, is categorised here as part of the globalist image.
		Behaviorism refers to the ideas held by those behavioral scientists who consider only observed behavior as relevant to the scientific enterprise and who reject what they consider to be metaphysical notions of "mind" or "consciousness" (Viotti, P. and M. Kauppi, (eds.).
	www.irtheory.com /know.htm (511 words)

	Trots in Space
		Posadist “atomic war” theory emerged at the first congress of the fully independent Fourth International (Posadist), held shortly after its definitive split with all other versions of the International in 1962.
		Not only did Posadas’ political heirs defend his UFO theories, they also took on board his increasingly New Age ideas on “the goal of the harmonisation of human relations together with nature and the cosmos” that followed in the wake of Flying Saucers.
		And there is a Marxist explanation for why the UFOs visit but do not stay: “Capitalism doesn’t interest the UFO pilots, which is why they do not return.
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/176_trots2.shtml (1460 words)

	Feminist Theory and Criticism: 4. Materialist Feminisms
		Materialist feminist literary critics focus instead on key problems in language, history, ideology, determination, subjectivity, and agency from the basic perspective of a critique of the gendered character of class and race relations under international capitalism.
		Materialist feminist critics in the United Kingdom and the United States have contributed significantly to Film Theory, semiotics, and the study of popular culture, though work in these fields has often developed independently of socialist politics and outside of traditional Marxist analytical categories.
		Although feminists and socialists have engaged in continuous conversations since the nineteenth century, those crosscurrents within literary theory that might be designated "materialist feminisms" have their origins in the late 1960s with various attempts to synthesize feminist politics with Marxist analyses.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/feminist_theory_and_criticism-_4.html (1460 words)

	Léo Panitch, professeur, Sciences politiques, York University, Toronto
		Panitch's project will also contribute a theoretical innovation, since the Marxist "historical materialist" approach on which his analysis is based must be revised for his study to be realized.
		Panitch is tracing how the US arrived at a strategy for dealing with the economic crisis of the 1970s, then re-established the vitality of American capital, asserting its international dominance by encouraging the economic restructuring of other states and coordinating the management of global capitalism.
		York Distinguished Research Professor Leo Panitch, a renowned political economist, Marxist theorist, and editor of the Socialist Register, has been awarded a Canada Research Chair for his study of the role of the United States in leading and managing globalization.
	www.uqac.uquebec.ca /zone30/Classiques_des_sciences_sociales/contemporains/panitch_leo/panitch_leo_photo/panitch_leo_photo.html (1460 words)

	EMPIRE by michael hardt and antonio negri
		To all this Hardt and Negri add an extremely confused theory, their take on what Daniel Bell labeled postindustrial society, and what has more recently been called the ''knowledge economy.'' The ''immaterial labor'' of knowledge workers differs from labor in the industrial era, Hardt and Negri say, because it produces not objects but social relations.
		Hardt and Negri should remember the old insight of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, taken up later by the German Greens: progress is to be achieved not with utopian dreaming, but with a ''long march through institutions.''
		Francis Fukuyama, a professor of international political economy at Johns Hopkins University, is the author of ''State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century.''
	ilx.wh3rd.net /thread.php?msgid=2319682 (4433 words)

	Feminist Theory and Criticism: 4. Materialist Feminisms
		Although feminists and socialists have engaged in continuous conversations since the nineteenth century, those crosscurrents within literary theory that might be designated "materialist feminisms" have their origins in the late 1960s with various attempts to synthesize feminist politics with Marxist analyses.
		Materialist feminist literary critics focus instead on key problems in language, history, ideology, determination, subjectivity, and agency from the basic perspective of a critique of the gendered character of class and race relations under international capitalism.
		In Kaplan's work, and in that of Mary Jacobus and Penny Boumelha, the collective's interest "in developing a Marxist feminist analysis of literature" (61) continues, producing class-sensitive critiques of sexual ideology in various literary texts of the postindustrial era (in contrast to Belsey's focus on the literature of the early capitalist period).
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/feminist_theory_and_criticism-_4.html (2373 words)

	Macpherson, Crawford Brough
		His uniquely humanist analysis drew on a Marxist critique of emergent capitalism, but also on the ethical promise of liberalism: the individual freedom to realize one's full human potential, which he believed was overshadowed by capitalist market relations.
		His various writings on the development of liberal-democratic theory brought him international acclaim.
		Macpherson, Crawford Brough, political theorist, professor (b at Toronto 18 Nov 1911; d there 22 July 1987).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005018 (2373 words)

	Political views of Lyndon LaRouche - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They say the Marxist concept of the ruling class was converted by LaRouche into a conspiracy theory, in which world capitalism was controlled by a cabal including the Rothschilds, the Rockefellers, Henry Kissinger, the Council on Foreign Relations and other standard villains of the extreme right, many though not all of them Jewish.
		In the 1960s and 1970s, LaRouche was particularly focused on the supposed danger posed by liberal Republicans such as Nelson Rockefeller believing that they were attempting to rescue a debt-strapped international financial system by imposing austerity and forced-labor programs on impoverished populations in order to facillitate debt collection.
		He believes that the material and cultural progress of humanity is the proper concern of government, and that the state does not serve a merely negative function, i.e., to ward off hostile foreign powers or restrain criminals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche (6645 words)

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In the News (Fri 25 Jul 08)