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Topic: Marxist literary criticism

	1993 Project: Marxist Criticism
		Marxist literary criticism is based upon the political and economic theories of the German philosopher Karl Marx.
		To Marxist critics, a society's economic base determines the interests and styles of its literature; it is this relationship between determining base and determined superstructure that is the main point of interest for Marxist critics.
		Marxist literary criticism may be thought of as a reaction to many of the rigid theories of the New Critics.
	www.lawrence.edu /dept/english/courses/60A/marxist.html (1438 words)

	Free literary Essays
		Literary journalism is criticized as being the bad child of "the modern age of media and hype"(Yagoda, "In").
		Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk - Tuite’s Literary Criticism of Lewis’ The Monk.
		Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry - Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry.
	www.123helpme.com /search.asp?text=literary (3205 words)

	Rebecca Sorbel
		While the Marxist literary criticism perspective illuminates the economic effects on a society, the feminist literary criticism perspective seeks to illumine the ideologies that devalue and marginalize women.
		From a feminist literary critic’s perspective, the denial of power is at the root of the subjugation of women and minorities.
		Marxist criticism calls for awareness of the inequities and suffering experienced under polarized social and economic conditions that result in class division and exploitation.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /english/Banks/Rebecca_Sorbel.htm (2611 words)

	socialism and democracy
		As David Margolies comments, taken together they represent an extraordinary outpouring of Marxist literary theory at one time, all in one way or another responding to the crisis, especially as it was reflected in the dislocation of literary values, the lack of direction of the novel or poetry, and the abdication of criticism.
		Woman's critical attitude cannot be mainly cognitive or "rational" in form, because the cognitive elements in culture, as a result of man´s scientific role, are masculine.
		In response to critics of his Spectres of Marx, Jacques Derrida asserts the need for a radical reassessment of the heritage of Marx and Marxism¾its victories as well as its defeats.69 The same could be said for the Marxist literary criticism of Britain in the 1930s.
	www.sdonline.org /32/marxist_critics.htm (6533 words)

	[No title]
		Criticism based on the historical, economic, and sociological theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
		Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections between the content or form of a literary work and the economic, class, social, or ideological factors that shape and determine that content or form.
		Moreover, recent Marxist criticism incorporates aspects of structuralism and poststructuralism -- Barthian semiotics, Lacanian psychoanalysis, Derridean deconstruction, and feminist criticism.
	www.library.utoronto.ca /utel/glossary/Marxist_criticism.html (556 words)

	lifeissues.net \| Right to Life in Literary Theory:
		Certainly, given the hostility most literary critics have towards the pro-life movement, one would think that established literary criticism would use whatever tools are at hand to promote an anti-life agenda.
		Literary theorists bring their various approaches to the study of literature to argue for the inclusion of women's experiences -- except that the unborn woman is excluded.
		Literary theorists bring their approaches to literature to validate the experiences of marginalized groups in society such as homosexual men, lesbians, minorities, non-Western authors, etc. -- a good thing to do, basically.
	www.lifeissues.net /writers/kol/kol_05rightlifeliterary1.html (3205 words)

	Marxist literary criticism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marxist literary criticism is a loose term describing literary criticism informed by the philosophy or the politics of Marxism.
		The simplest goals of Marxist literary criticism can include an assessment of the political "tendency" of a literary work, determining whether its social content or its literary form are "progressive"; however, this is by no means the only or the necessary goal.
		From Walter Benjamin to Fredric Jameson, Marxist literary critics have also been concerned with applying lessons drawn from the realm of aesthetics to the realm of politics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marxist_literary_criticism (188 words)

	marxist literary interpretation information -- marxist literary interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Critics of Marxism speculated that perhaps Marxist ideology itself was to blame for the nations...
		and it is an immense literary achievement, indeedis to...
		of a clockwork orange 156 literary historical criticism 157 marxist literary criticism 158...
	www.sewninterpretation.info /marxistliteraryinterpretation (1468 words)

	marxist views of literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He criticized the techniques of montage, inner monologues, streams of consciousness in writers like Joyce, Kafka, Beckett and Faulkner, and saw these narrow concerns with subjective impressions as a contribution to the angst and alienation prevalent in western societies.
		Absurd discontinuities of discourse, the pared-down characterization, the plotless depiction of aimless lives — all these are needed to shake audiences from the comfortable notion that the horrors and degradations of the twentieth century have left the world unchanged.
		Though the Marxist is one of the most vigorous and varied of twentieth century schools of aesthetics, its bases of evaluation are difficult to establish.
	www.textetc.com /theory/marxist-views.html (2735 words)

	Literary theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Literary theory is the theory (or the philosophy) of the interpretation of literature and literary criticism.
		Meanwhile a Marxist critic might find such judgments merely ideological rather than critical; the Marxist would say that the New Critical reading did not keep enough critical distance from the poem's religious stance to be able to understand it.
		The New Criticism was the first school to disavow the role of the author in interpreting texts, preferring to focus on "the text itself" in a close reading.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Literary_theory (1699 words)

	Thumbs Up, Thumbs Down: A Look at the Literary Criticism of Mary Barton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Literary critics are also concerned with not only the heavy borrowing of other published stories, but that Gaskell, on multiple occasions, misquotes or draws errant conclusions from these texts.
		While feminist critics praise the actions and participation of Mary Barton in controlling the things that happen to her, and those she loves, this is not an accurate reflection of women in the 1840s.
		Marxists are highly critical of this parent-child analogy because they believe it blocks out the source of class oppression: "the appropriation of surplus value" (Stoneman 118).
	students.uwsp.edu /tcedo167/thumbs.htm (3318 words)

	English 495: Marxist Cultural Theory
		The marxist critique of ideology has played an important role in literary studies since the decline of "new criticism" from its position as the hegemonic framework for literary criticism in the U.S. and U.K. beginning in the early 1970's.
		Calling for a radical rethinking of literary studies-- "the self-abolition of poetics and its transformation into a general rhetoric" (235) Frow redefines formalism as a sort of refined, highly specific branch of discourse theory capable of analyzing the particular complexity of literary texts.
		In its initial break with traditional historiography and New Criticism, this scholarship has been characterized by an interest in the socio-political contexts of literature, by an awareness of the problematic nature of historical contexts, and by a rethinking of the traditional, positivistic assumption that literary texts merely reflect their historical contexts.
	www.english.ilstu.edu /strickland/495/ideology.html (4663 words)

	'Marxism and the Bible'
		The situation needs to be addressed in a comprehensive and critical fashion so biblical critics will be able to use, or at least be aware of, various elements of Marxist criticism in their critical task.
		For its part, Marxist literary criticism has remained -- rightly, in many cases -- suspicious of anything to do with religion, of which biblical criticism is inevitably understood as a subset.
		The third aim is to read crucial texts and debates in biblical criticism -- the quests for the historical Israel and Jesus, the constructions of gender and sexuality, the referential function of the text and so on -- in light of Marxist literary criticism.
	www.uow.edu.au /arts/joscci/boer.html (4697 words)

	Jameson, Fredric Criticism and Essays
		In opposition to critics who find postmodernism to be a merely passive acceptance of current social structures, Jameson uses examples from these various art forms to demonstrate that postmodernism, through its signaling of the end of the individualistic bourgeois ego, actually furthers the Marxist struggle for freedom.
		Praised for its commanding presentation of the twentieth-century Marxist tradition, as well as its insightful attention to Lukács, the Frankfurt School of Marxists, and Sartre, the book is considered one of the more distinguished and important works of literary theory from the 1970s.
		Jameson was criticized for his unquestioning faith in the relevance of Marxism, in particular the extent to which he attributes significance to economics at the expense of the roles of such social factors as race and gender.
	www.enotes.com /contemporary-literary-criticism/jameson-fredric (1301 words)

	Marxist Criticism
		Central to the Marxist plotting of history is the economic struggle for power between the ruling class and the working class, between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
		The potency of Marxist literary theory is perhaps reflected in its resurgence in the late twentieth century even when the influence of Marxist politics has waned.
		The Marxist response to literature begins with the recognition that literature is one artistic component of the superstructure of a society.
	www.mtsu.edu /~ckr2c/marxist_criticism1.htm (637 words)

	University of Cambridge: Faculty of English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		in Criticism and Culture, launched in October 2004, is an innovative nine-month course of literary study with an interdisciplinary and comparative focus, running from October until the end of June.
		You will be encouraged to develop a critical and methodological framework, and to pursue questions relating to literary and cultural production alongside your individual research project.
		Option A courses may be either conceptually or historically oriented, or both, but in any year will include a selection of topics such as: philosophy and poetry, Marxist literary criticism, theories of writing, performance culture, post-colonial writing, visual culture, psychoanalytic literary criticism, post-modern theory, literature and politics.
	www.english.cam.ac.uk /postgraduate/Criticism_Culture_MPhil_Info.htm (2379 words)

	Lit Crit & Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Freud's own relevance to "critical theory" was revived by Jacques Lacan's poststructuralist revision of psychoanalysis, in which the "self" (or ego)--trapped in the Symbolic of language--is forever fraught with a "gap" or incompleteness that is always striving--and failing--to (re-)achieve a wholeness with the original (and "Imaginary") state of unity perceived by the infant.
		For instance, the socio-political critic with a Marxist bent might reject as worthless any literary classic--Homer's Iliad, for example--that implicitly accepts the framework of a class-based society--even though Homer was unable to be instructed in the wonders of Marxist dialectic before he wrote his 9th c.
		Marxist criticism (very simply put) champions the downtrodden of socio-economic class, critiquing texts that assume a classist society of economic elitism and hegemony (Gramsci), and championing texts that support the "common man." In this century, the FRANKFURT SCHOOL's attacks on pop culture as a dehumanizing, alienating prop for the capitalist State have been influential.
	www.usd.edu /~tgannon/crit.html (4965 words)

	The Question of Literary Criticism
		We cannot think and talk of literary criticism without the discipline it presupposes, and the power of discipline producing perception and thought proves its worth.
		the critic and the author are not resistant enough to the general mind and won’t take a stand against it, rejecting journalism; and thereby they live in a false relation to human achievements and to the interests of life.
		In short, Eliot as critic is in pretty full and pretty specific relation with all the things a critic ought to be in relation with: the conventional elements of traditions he supports.
	www.angelfire.com /tv2/proftvs/The_Question_of_Literary_Criticism.htm (14296 words)

	Georg Lukacs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Lukacs primarily wrote against the literary quality of modernism using two essentially Marxist strategies: that a mere reflection of the world around us does not accurately represent reality, and that inner contradictions caused by class struggle (rather than anything else) cause the development of history.
		This attempt was less than successful as Demetz states: "unfortunately, Lukacs often continue[d] to judge many works of art on the basis of their author's theories and dulls his sensitivity to the possibility that the work may contradict theoretical intent" (226).
		Lukacs states "It is necessary, in considering the Marxist view of literature, to make a critical appraisal of the developments of the theory and practice of Marxism itself, within which views of literature having evolved" (Slaughter 6).
	athena.english.vt.edu /~hbrizee/lukacs_page.htm (929 words)

	ENG 450/650: Marxist/Feminist Criticism
		Spawned by the sexual confusions of the amoral news media, spores of Marxist ideology blew around in the wind, multiplied the powers of government, and impregnated the English departments at the Ivy League universities, which then gave birth to the monster of deconstruction that devoured the arts of learning.
		Unfortunately the international character of Marxist literary criticism (particularly and specifically in this anthology) means that literary references in the essays are not always to familiar American and British texts.
		Whatever you choose to write about, your paper must acknowledge that literary criticism is an ongoing discourse by containing relevant reference to at least 3 recent (post 1980) critical essays on the texts or topic from scholarly resources.
	www.wright.edu /cola/Dept/eng/loranger/cl450f99.htm (1552 words)

	Open Directory - Arts: Literature: Reviews and Criticism: Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Feminist Literary Criticism and Theory - Literary genres, specific historical periods, pedagogical issues, politics and literature, and literary theory.
		Literary Theory Explorations - The world of literary theory is an ever changing hot bed of debate.
		Literature and Ideology - An essay on the influence of Raymond Williams, Etienne Balibar and Pierre Macherey, and Terry Eagleton on postmodern critical theory.
	dmoz.org /Arts/Literature/Reviews_and_Criticism/Theory (490 words)

	Marxist Literary Criticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It is difficult for suburban bourgeois (weaned on MTV) to relate to the revolutionary attitude the Marxists (and their rebellious brethren) developed in the early and middle 19th century.
		Perhaps this is because capitalism has finally won the battle, and we now believe that "everything is ok. Why complain?" But when studying Marxist literary criticism, we must place ourselves in the mindset of the revolutionaries so that we can effectively examine text as they would.
		While studying Marxist literary criticism one must remember that when Marx and Engels created the foundations of the workers' movement, and wrote the key texts that spread the word, they were more concerned with the actual revolution than with literature.
	athena.english.vt.edu /~hbrizee/marxindex.htm (1221 words)

	Crumb Library Guide - Literary Criticism
		Psychoanalytic literary criticism Use: Psychoanalysis and literature 54 rec.
		Browse the shelves - many general critical studies (as opposed to critical works on particular authors or on the literature of a nation or people) will be found at PN 31 through PN 99.
		The Critical temper; a survey of modern criticism on English and American literature from the beginnings to the twentieth century.
	www.potsdam.edu /library/Guides/LiteraryCriticism.html (892 words)

	Definitions of Feminist Literary Criticism
		From Jennifer: "The early feminist literary critics (in the 1960's and 70's) argued that men and women had different points of view about literature, and that what had been considered as neutral about literature was really the male point of view."
		So, here goes: Feminist literary criticism is about the search for a literature that women can call their own but without segregating it to an extreme which would result in separatism.
		Feminist literary criticism encompasses not only female literary works but also male literary works, leaving men to be held accountable for their portrayal of women as well as men in their literary works."
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~sparks/flc/flitcrit.html (480 words)

	Applied Hermeneutics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		g) Biographical Criticism: the basic assumption of this school of thought is that the chief clues to a person's work can be found in the study of his or her own life, personality and character (Hyman, 1955, p.
		b) Both criticism, in certain instances, and hermeneutics, in certain instances, are in a sense "explication[s]" of the meaning of a particular text.
		a) Criticism deals primarily with texts, (literary criticism specifically with works of literature), while hermeneutics is not limited to the written word, but deals also with the spoken word, communication between persons, and the apprehension of an actual truth.
	www.philosophy.ucf.edu /ahlit1.html (881 words)

	UWM English Department Courses
		This course will consider these questions, providing a brief history of the development of Marxist literary theory in the twentieth century.
		We will study some of the major theorists (Marx, Engels, Lukacs, Macherey) and more recent developments that seek to update a Marxist critical vocabulary with a postmodernist and sometimes feminist view of language and history.
		In addition, because the focus of the course is on building a critical vocabulary for literary study, students will develop a "dictionary" of key terms.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/English/fall1997/f97worsham2.shtml (310 words)

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