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	Mary of Guise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Marie de Guise (in English, Mary of Guise) (November 22, 1515 – June 1560) was the Queen Consort of James V of Scotland and the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots.
		Marie's regency was threatened, however, by the growing influence of the Scottish Protestants, supported secretly by Elizabeth I of England, and was effectively deposed on religious grounds.
		When Marie died in June 10 or 11, 1560 at Edinburgh Castle, her body was taken back to France and interred at the church in the Convent of Saint-Pierre in Reims, where Marie's sister Renée was the abbess.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mary_of_Guise (705 words)

	House of Guise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Claude's daughter, Mary of Guise (1515-1560), married King James V of Scotland and was mother of Mary Queen of Scots.
		His nephew, the young Duke of Guise, was proposed by the Catholic League as a candidate for the throne, possibly through a marriage to Philip II of Spain's daughter Isabella, the granddaughter of Henry II of France.
		Although Mayenne and other members of the House of Guise had murdered, tortured and wreaked havoc on the lives of many French citizens, for the sake of the country King Henri IV bought peace with him and in January of 1596 a treaty was signed that put an end to the League.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/House_of_Guise (659 words)

	Mary of Guise articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary of Guise MARY OF GUISE [Mary of Guise], 1515-60, queen consort of James V of Scotland and regent for her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots.
		Mary Queen of Scots MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS [Mary Queen of Scots] (Mary Stuart), 1542-87, only child of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise.
		He married (1558) Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart), and during his brief reign the government was in the hands of her uncles, François and Charles de Guise.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/08143.html (551 words)

	Mary Queen of Scots: Biography with portraits
		By the age of eleven, Mary was deemed to be as intelligent and well-spoken as a woman of twenty-five by her doting father-in-law.
		Mary was taken to Lochleven Castle and held prisoner in that island fortress; fearing for her own life, she became desperately ill. She was forced to sign a document abdicating the crown in favor of her year-old son.
		Mary was calm and composed before the several hundred spectators present; she listened while the execution warrant was read and then prayed aloud in English for the Church and her son.
	www.englishhistory.net /tudor/relative/maryqosbio.html (4317 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots
		Mary was born in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, on the 7 of December 1542.
		Mary was sent to France to marry the Dauphin, Francis, the eldest son of the king of France, later Francis II.
		Mary of Guise's position in Scotland was weak, and she was fighting for survival in a country that was now Protestant.
	www.elizabethi.org /uk/queenofscots (2682 words)

	Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots
		Mary Stuart, queen of Scots was born on 8 December 1542 at Linlithgow Palace in Scotland.
		Mary was sent to France when she was only six years old to marry Francis II, the Dauphin, in return for Frances's aid in helping the Scottish rid themselves of the English.
		Whether Mary Stuart was the champion of women's rights in the 16th Century as her admirers claim, or the conspiring and murderous woman that her critics claim, she was one of the most interesting women of her time.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/marystuart.html (2589 words)

	Birlinn Ltd - publishers of scottish books. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Challenging the conventional interpretation of Mary of Guise as the defender of Catholicism whose regime climaxed with the Reformation Rebellion, Pamela Ritchie shows that she was, on the contrary, a shrewd and effective politician, whose own dynastic interests and those of her daughter took precedence over her personal and religious convictions.
		Mary of Guise's dynasticism, and political career as a whole, were inextricably associated with those of Mary, Queen of Scots, whose Scottish sovereignty, Catholic claim to the English throne and betrothal to the Dauphin of France carried with them notions of Franco-British Imperialism.
		Mary of Guise's assumption of the regency in 1554 completed the process of establishing French power in Scotland, which was later consolidated, albeit briefly, by the marriage of Mary Stewart to Francois Valois in 1558.
	www.birlinn.co.uk /cgi-bin/user/birlinn/store/BRNstore.cgi?user_action=detail&catalogno=1862321841 (235 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mary of Guise (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Mary of Guise[gEz] Pronunciation Key, 1515–60, queen consort of James V of Scotland and regent for her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots.
		The daughter of Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise, she was also known as Mary of Lorraine.
		The civil war was concluded shortly after Mary's death by the Treaty of Edinburgh (1560), which ended the French domination of Scotland and opened the way for the establishment of the Protestant church.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MaryGuis.html (378 words)

	Mary Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Born in 1542, her parents were Mary of Guise a french noblewoman and James V of Scotland.
		Mary became queen when she was less than a year old and for her own safety was sent to France at the age of six.
		Mary was beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle in 1587.
	home.earthlink.net /~zzz12 (338 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although Mary's great-uncle King Henry VIII of England made an unsuccessful effort to secure control of her (Mary inherited Tudor blood through her grandmother, a sister of Henry VIII of England), the regency of the kingdom was settled in favour of her mother.
		Mary and Bothwell were parted forever at Carberry Hill on June 15, 1567, Bothwell to exile and imprisonment where he died in 1578, and Mary to incarceration on the tiny island of Loch Leven, where she was formally deposed in favour of her one-year-old son James.
		Mary's captivity was long and wearisome, only partly allayed by the consolations of religion and, on a more mundane level, her skill at embroidery and her love of such little pets as lap dogs and singing birds.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/MaryQueenofScots/MaryQueenofScots.html (1586 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scotts - OOAK fashion dolls by VALKYRIE
		Mary was born in Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, on the 7th of December 1542.
		Mary was sent to France to marry Francis, the eldest son of the king of France.
		Mary's involvement is unclear, but shortly afterwards she created him Duke of Orkney, and three months after her husband's death married the man most people regarded as his murderer.
	www.dolls-n-daggers.com /Dolls/OOAKmary.html (652 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary was the daughter and only child of James V of Scotland by his second wife, a French woman called Mary of Guise.
		Mary's involvement is unclear, but shortly afterwards she was carried off by Bothwell, who had divorced the wife he had only recently married.
		The presence of Mary in Engand was a constant source of unease to Elizabeth and her advisers.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/mary.html (933 words)

	Mary,Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary Stuart was the last Catholic ruler of Scotland, born in Linlithgow, the only child of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise.
		Her husband Darnley was one of the leaders in the murder but Mary escaped with him to Dunbar, where she had a son two months later.(Her son later became King James I of England.) Mary began to show interst in James Hepburn, the Earl of Bothwell.
		In 1567 Mary was forced to abdicate in favor of her infant son.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Ridge/5850/mary.html (509 words)

	A Review of Dr Marshall's book "Marie of Guise", Mary Queen of Scots' mother. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For my own part, on reading 'Mary of Guise', it has certainly helped me to understand the woman "Who went before the Throne" and in turn to place together events and people she was connected with, including thoughts, emotions, beliefs and courage passed on to her daughter Mary, Queen of Scots.
		MARY OF GUISE "Here is a lady, whose story begins in Bar le duc, above the River Ornain in North East France, in 1515, who, for the first 4 years of her life was the only child of Claud, Count of Guise and Antoinette de Bourbon until her brother, Francis, was born in 1519.
		Mary and Louis were married on 4 August 1534 in the Chapel of the Royal Palace of the Louvre.
	www.marie-stuart.co.uk /MarshallReview.htm (2086 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots
		The story starts in 1560 as the Catholic Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots (Vanessa Redgrave), following the death of her husband, the King of France, returns to Scotland from France, where she is met with considerable opposition from the Scottish Protestants and from Queen Elizabeth of England (Glenda Jackson).
		Hamilton promises Mary in marriage to Prince Edward of England (1537-53), son of Henry VIII (1491-1547), but the Scottish parliament revokes the promise and this leads to war with England.
		Mary had a legitimate claim to the English throne and as such she posed a threat to Elizabeth).
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/maryscot.html (1057 words)

	Mary of Guise on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		MARY OF GUISE [Mary of Guise], 1515-60, queen consort of James V of Scotland and regent for her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots.
		Mary Stewart in France and Scotland: Retha Warnicke examines the tumultuous career of Mary, Queen of Scots, before her long incarceration by her cousin Elizabeth I of England.(Profiles in Power)
		Mary Queen of Scots and the French connection: Alexander Wilkinson considers what the French made of the controversial royal who played a pivotal role in the French wars of religion, both as Queen of Scots and Queen of France.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/MaryG1uis.asp (552 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : Mary Queen of Scots (1542 - 1587)
		Mary Queen of Scots was the daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise.
		Mary was only one week old when her father died and she became the queen.
		Mary was a queen, after all, and she was Elizabeth's second cousin, as well as being in line for the English throne.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/0019.html (568 words)

	Amazon.com: Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548-1560 : A Political Career: Books: Pamela E. Ritchie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary of Guise has traditionally been written off in Scotland as the main agent of an unpopular French/Catholic domination of Scotland that took place in the 1550s, which was overturned by the popular revolution of John Knox's Reformation in 1560.
		Instead Guise, for most of the 1550s, enjoyed considerable support from Scots, and her plans for a dynastic union of the French and Scottish crowns by the marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to the Dauphin Francois was supported by Catholic and Protestant Scots alike.
		Guise, above all, was a skilled politician who carefully balanced the difficult circumstances of the dynastic conflicts of sixteenth-century Europe to best pursue the interests of her own family (les Guises) and her daughter, the monarch of Scotland.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1862321841?v=glance (1621 words)

	[No title]
		Mary's marriage in 1565 to her cousin, the Catholic Scottish nobleman Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, was performed with Roman Catholic rites.
		It was suspected that Mary herself was not wholly ignorant of the plot.
		On June 15, 1567, Mary's forces were defeated at Carberry Hill, and she was forced to abandon Bothwell and surrender herself to the confederate lords.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/c/craftg/HRS134/Mary.doc (756 words)

	Mary of Guise. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He negotiated (1543) the betrothal of the infant Queen Mary to Prince Edward (later Edward VI) of England, but the queen mother persuaded the Scottish Parliament to repudiate the agreement.
		After the outbreak of war with England, Mary of Guise arranged the betrothal of her daughter to the French dauphin, and the young queen was sent to France.
		By 1554, with French aid, Mary of Guise had replaced the ineffectual Arran as regent, and she made no secret of her desire to bring France and Scotland together.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/MaryGuis.html (301 words)

	scottish heritage - genealogy scotland - clans - scottish associations - historical attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary was probably driven by four main forces; her sense of duty to France, the Guise family, the Roman Church, and of course her daughter's rights.
		Mary Guise had finally arranged the terms of Mary's marriage to the Dauphin in France, concluded in 1558, and it was this open admission of French ambitions for Scotland which pushed the Protestant movement to the front.
		Mary withdrew to Edinburgh Castle where, in June, she died, with dropsy, or accumulation of fluid under the skin, cause unknown, though heart disease, general ill-health or several other illnesses could have been a cause.
	www.scotlandonline.com /heritage/heritage_gscots_detail.cfm?id=214 (592 words)

	The Tudors - Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots
		When Elizabeth's sister Mary, a Catholic, came to the throne in 1553 she made England Catholic again and Elizabeth was put into the Tower of London so that she could not lead a Protestant rebellion against Mary and take her place on the throne.
		Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise.
		Darnley was jealous of Mary's close friendship with her secretary, David Rizzio and in March 1566 had him murdered in front of Mary who was six months pregnant with the future James I. Darnley made many enemies among the Scottish nobles and in 1567 his house was blown up.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Tudors/elizabeth_mary_queen_of_scots.htm (541 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots - Britannia Biographies
		Mary was born at Linlithgow in 1542, the daughter of James V and Mary de Guise (who had been courted by Henry VIII of England).
		Mary, tiring of Darnley, began to show affection to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, whose guilt in the murder of Darnley, along with that of Mary, is set out in the notorious Casket Letters, now considered a forgery.
		The most savage attacks on Mary's character came from George Buchanan, who sought very successfully to completely undermine her right to rule by showing that her reckless and malicious behavior proved her to be unworthy of her title.
	www.britannia.com /bios/maryscots.html (1028 words)

	The End of Mary of Guise's Regency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary of Guise was convinced that invasion was inevitable and sought reinforcements from France.
		Once war was declared, Mary’s health began to falter, and invasion was daily expected, and the English army crossed the border on 30th March 1560, to join the forces of Arran and Lord James.
		Mary Stuart unfortunately never paid as much attention to this as she should, or she would have placed far more trust in Bothwell at a far earlier date.
	www.lordbothwell.co.uk /endofregency.html (799 words)

	Mary, Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary Stuart was born in 1542, the daughter of James V, King of Scotland and Mary of Guise (of the French royal family).
		Mary was granddaughter of Margaret Tudor, sister of Henry VIII.
		In 1567, nobles opposed to Mary and her new husband imprisoned her and forced her to abdicate in favor of her son, James VI of Scotland (later James I of England).
	members.aol.com /dkaplan888/mary.htm (318 words)

	Women in History of Scots Descent - Mary Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mary tried to arrange a match which would have the approval of Elizabeth since Mary was trying to remain in good graces with Elizabeth so she would name Mary as her heir.
		Mary now feared that she would fall into the hands of her enemy and against the advice of the nobles who had supported her she escaped to England and to what she thought would be the protection of one queen for another.
		Mary has got some of the beautiful things back that surrounded her in better days, and a last meeting with some of her former ladies-in-waiting is permitted.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/women/wih17.htm (6623 words)

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