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Topic: Mascouten

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	Mascouten/Mascoutin/Mathkoutench/Musketoon/Meadow Indians
		Aside from Nicollet, the earliest mention of the Mascouten was by the French which used their Huron name, Assistaeronon (Assitaehronon, Assitagueronon, Attistae) which translates as Fire Nation (Nation of Fire).
		The Mascouten apparently arrived in Wisconsin in two groups: a northern, or upper, band settled with the Wea (Miami) near the south end of Lake Winnebago (Fox River portage); while a southern (lower) band mixed with the Fox and Kickapoo on the Milwaukee River.
		The other Mascouten (southern or lower) band, actually remained farther to the north during the 1700s and became associated with the Fox and Prairie Band of the Kickapoo.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/mascouten.htm (560 words)

	Mascouten
		Because the Mascouten, Kickapoo, and Wea (Miami) were not quite sure whether he was either a "manitou" (spirit) or witch, Allouez's reception was not nearly as warm as Perot's, but in the course of their conversations, the Mascouten told Allouez that they were definitely the tribe from lower Michigan who the Huron called the Assistaeronon.
		Mascouten service during the French and Indian War was mostly limited to participation in joint raids by the Wabash tribes against the British-allied Chickasaw south of the Ohio River.
		The Mascouten remained British allies for the remainder of the war and are mentioned in a 1782 British report as having requested supplies at Detroit and reaffirmed their allegiance to the British.
	www.dickshovel.com /mas.html (6383 words)

	Mascouten Indian Tribe History
		From this period, according to the tradition, the Assegun and Mascoutens were confederates, and were driven still farther southward in the peninsula, after which they are lost to the tradition, except that it attributes to them the well known "garden beds" of southwestern Michigan.
		In 1736 the Mascoutens are mentioned as numbering 60 warriors, living with the Kickapoo on Fox river, Wis., and having the wolf and deer totems.
		After this the Mascoutens disappear from history, the northern group having probably been absorbed by the Sank and Fox confederacy, and the southern group by the Kickapoo.
	www.accessgenealogy.com /native/tribes/pottawatomie/mascoutenshist.htm (1107 words)

	Consolidated Docket No. 317, Defendant Exhibits 61-171, Dft. Ex. 70
		Bertet of the Illinois was counting on engaging them to join the Kickapoo and Mascouten, who had promised to come see him in the autumn for the purpose of establishing in the area of the protected Wabash fort.
		If all these projects could be managed, the French would be assured that their rivers would be well guarded from the south and east, for these nations would completely protect the region from the incursions of the Cherokee and Chickasaw.
		Bertet however hoped that some of his speeches would bring the two bands together again in the spring, especially since they had sent twelve envoys to the forty Shawnee families who had been living near the Alibamon for ten years for the purpose of inviting the southern members to join them.
	www.gbl.indiana.edu /archives/dockett_317/317_10c.html (1577 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		Apparently provoked by the taunts of a group of Mascoutens who were hunting close to his village, Saguima planned their destruction.
		A deep-seated resentment towards the Foxes and Mascoutens by the other tribes probably explains why Saguima was able to mobilize so large a force so quickly and why he was joined shortly by Mississaugas, Ojibwas, and Hurons.
		Many Foxes and Mascoutens died from hunger, thirst, and disease, and terms of surrender were offered several times by the Fox chief Pemoussa* but were rejected by the allies.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35764 (587 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mascoutens Indians
		This is apparently the last notice of the Mascoutens mission, which seems to have dwindled out from neglect, and from the growing hostility manifested to the French by the Sauk, Foxes, and Kickapoo, with whom the Mascoutens were so closely connected.
		In 1712, the Mascoutens, with the Kickapoo and Sauk, joined the Foxes in the war which the latter inaugurated against the French, and continued in desultory fashion for some thirty years.
		It is evident that by this time the Mascoutens were near their end, reduced partly by wars, but more by the great epidemics which wiped out the tribes of the Illinois country.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09768b.htm (1262 words)

	Free-Essays.us - The Kickapoo Indians
		In 1712, a Mascouten hunting party was attacked in southern Michigan by Potawatomi and Ottawa and fled east to their Fox and Kickapoo allies near Detroit.
		By 1724 they had enlisted the Kickapoo, Mascouten, Dakota, and Winnebago into an alliance which was basically hostile to the interests of the French.
		The following year Kickapoo and Mascouten warriors helped the French and their allies surround the Fox in northern Illinois when they were trying to flee east to the Seneca.
	www.free-essays.us /dbase/a4/myv86.shtml (4115 words)

	Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology: Champlain and the Odawa
		The distance of 200 leagues to the Mascouten is noted by the Champlain Society editors as a gross exaggeration, perhaps a guess by Champlain, and not helpful in locating the Cheveux-releves.
		To the Mascouten of western Michigan, if intended, was a distance of some 90 leagues, elsewhere given as a journey of 10 days.
		The information that the Neutral assisted the Cheveux-releves in their war with the Fire People reveals that the Cheveux-releves were a power of considerable consequence, the senior in an alliance with the largest and most powerful of the Ontario Iroquois confederacies, and conducting complex, distant wars cooperatively with them.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3904/is_199904/ai_n8844839/pg_3 (1154 words)

	Summary of Native American Tribes - Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Their numbers were severely depleted in the 19th century by war and epidemics; in 1990 there were 1,207 Mandans in the U.S. Today, Mandans, Arikaras, and Hidatsas (a band of 'Gros Ventre') live together on reservations in North Dakota.
		Mascouten apparently comes from a Fox word meaning "little prairie people." The first occupied parts of southwestern Michigan but abandoned their location and joined Algonquin tribes in Wisconsin after having been attacked by the Ottawa and Neutrals tribes.
		Continuing to move south and westward, the Mascouten tribe was eventually assimilated into the Algonquin, Wasbash, Kicapoo and other groups until they were completely absorbed.
	www.bonus.com /contour/legends_america/http@@/www.legendsofamerica.com/NA-TribeSummary4.html (1607 words)

	regnault/renaud, sieur du buisson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In Sept. of 1710 Charles was hiring men to go to Detroit and becomes commander of Detroit in that year when Cadillac leaves to assume his new appointment as Governor of Louisiana (Francois LaForest is appointed as the new commander at Detroit but is unable to take command for some time.
		By the spring of 1712 he was still the temporary commander at Detroit, when the Mascouten tribe arrived in the area, fleeing the Potawatomis and Ottawa for the assistance of the Fox and French.
		Father Marest estimated, 800 Fox and Mascoutens were killed or taken prisoner and Dubuisson estimates were or 1000 loses to the fleeing tribes.
	www.usinternet.com /USERS/dfnels/buisson.htm (152 words)

	Our Story, Vol I - Pressure from Whites changes Indian life forever
		Also the Fox, Sauk, Kickapoo, Mascouten, Munsee and Stockbridge tribes of the same language would soon join the "Menomoni" and Winnebago in that part of the state.
		From 1634 to 1676 a number of tribes, including the Sauk, Fox, Miami, Kickapoo, Mascouten and Potawatomi had arrived in the state, pressured by events in the east.
		These, including the Miami, Fox, Sauk and Mascouten, moved to Wisconsin and crowded the Winnebago and several more Indian wars broke out when there was not enough food.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/wi/county/eauclaire/history/ourstory/vol1/indian.html (3002 words)

	Historic Diaries: Marquette and Joliet
		By the year 1700 big game such as buffalo and elk had dwindled, and the town in Green Lake County was abandoned about that time.
		Some of the Mascouten appear to have followed the Miami to the southeast - - a 1733 map locates them between Milwaukee and Chicago -- while other bands allied themselves with the Sauk, Meskwaki (Fox), and Kickapoo.
		They appear to have intermarried so freely that the last mention of the Mascouten as a distinct nation is in 1757, after which they disappear from the records as a distinct community.
	www.wisconsinhistory.org /diary/001365.asp (641 words)

	Compact Histories
		Contact with Europeans probably occurred at an early date, perhaps as soon as John Cabot in 1497, but they were first mentioned specifically by Captain John Smith when he explored the coast of New England in 1614.
		Located on a landmark as obvious as Cape Cod, the Nauset had contact with Europeans at an early date, but these first meetings were not always friendly.
		In 1641 2,000 warriors of the Neutrals attacked a large, fortified Asistagueronon village in central Michigan (presumed by location to have been Mascouten).
	www.tolatsga.org /Compacts.html (4370 words)

	Turning Points of Wisconsin History - Colonialism Transforms Indian Life
		From 1700 to 1730 the Meskwaki (Fox) and the Mascouten were in open rebellion against the French, who showed little mercy in suppressing their adversaries.
		By the mid eighteenth century, several tribes—such as the once-powerful Ho-Chunk, Mascouten, and Meskwaki (Fox)—had been reduced to tiny fractions of their precontact size and influence.
		The Meskwaki (Fox) and Mascouten resist the French in 1712.
	www.wisconsinhistory.org /turningpoints/tp-008?action=more_essay (1021 words)

	Milwaukee, Wisconsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city is located in the southeastern portion of the state on the western shore of Lake Michigan.
		The Milwaukee area was originally inhabited by the Fox, Mascouten, Potawatomi, and Winnebago Indian tribes.
		Milwaukee received its name from the Indian word Millioke which is thought to have meant "The Good Land", or "gathering place by the water".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin (3344 words)

	History of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
		The French used Potawatomi allies to defeat the Kickapoo and Mascouten taking them out of the war, but an expedition against a Fox fort in southern Wisconsin ended in frustration.
		The war continued during which the Mascouten and Kickapoo ended their alliance with the Fox after a fatal argument over French prisoners.
		Without the leverage of their trade goods, the French were powerless to protect the Illinois, and the other Algonquin continued to attack them.
	www.winnebagotribe.com /history2.htm (5961 words)

	NPCA Destination Finder
		By the middle of the 17th century, Miami-speaking tribes of Native Americans entered the region of Rock Cut State Park after the Iroquois drove them from territory on the southern end of Lake Michigan.
		From about 1655 until 1735, the Rock River was within the range of the Mascouten, who were also pushed westward by the Iroquois.
		The Winnebago ranged southward from Wisconsin to the Rock River from the 1740s until 1837, while the river's upper portion was on the periphery of the Fox and Sauk territory from about 1765 to 1833.
	syndication.getoutdoors.com /npca/destination_description/2026.html (261 words)

	croghan
		By March of 1765, Col. George Croghan (with Lt. Alexander Fraser) had arrived at Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh) and the British sent Croghan west from the Fort with a Shawnee escort to accept the surrender from the French of Fort de Chartres.
		In May/June of 1765 near the mouth of the Wabash River, his party was attacked by eighty Kickapoo and Mascouten warriors.
		The Miami, Wea, and Piankashaw were furious because it happened in midst of their peace negotiations with the British and the Shawnee planned to attack the Kickapoo and Mascouten to avenge the deaths of their chiefs.
	www.usinternet.com /USERS/dfnels/croghan.htm (671 words)

	SWCD News
		There, 319 homes are being built on 132 acres of land while 463 acres are reserved for prairie, wetland and sustainable organic farming.
		As the ecological firm on the project team, AES developed the Stormwater Treatment Train concept that uses prairie swales, upland prairies and wetlands to reduce volume and increase the quality of rainwater before it reaches Lake Mascouten and outlets downstream to a high quality natural marsh.
		In fact, the water in Lake Mascouten is of such high quality that it has been established as the first threatened and endangered fish refuge in the state.
	www.swcdstl.org /news.htm (952 words)

	Canadian Military Heritage
		Eager to expunge the memory of their humiliation in 1716 at the hands of the French, the Foxes began to make their presence felt again in the 1720s, engaging in a number of skirmishes and launching an attack on the Illinois nation, who were allies of the French.
		In the meantime, the small garrison of the newly built Fort Beauharnois (near Frontenac, Minnesota), finding itself squeezed between the Foxes and the Sioux, evacuated its position in October 1727, only to be captured by the Mascouten and Kickapoos.
		Fearing French vengeance, the Mascouten and Kickapoos decided to release the garrison the following spring and cancel their alliance with the Foxes.
	www.cmhg.gc.ca /cmh/en/page_125.asp?flash=1 (209 words)

	DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Located just west of Illinois Route 1, two miles south of Marshall in Clark County, the area is named after the trail Abraham Lincoln's family followed en route from Indiana to Illinois in 1831.
		Three Native American groups, the Miami, Kickapoo and Mascouten, occupied the site before it was ceded to the United States in the early 19th century.
		Today, visitors to the 1,023-acre park can enjoy the sights of an American Beech woods; wildflowers, including the unusual squaw-root and beech drops; and recreational activities such as boating, camping, fishing, hiking and winter sports.
	dnr.state.il.us /lands/landmgt/PARKS/R3/LINCOLN.HTM (1119 words)

	Where did Skokie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Most of these marshes were drained in the 1930's and low ground filled in to form the present Skokie Lagoons Forest Preserve.
		Some writers have associated this name with the Mascouten or Maskouten Indians, whose name has sometimes been translated 'people of fire'.
		Others have taken it directly from 'sloutay' or 'scoti' and variant Algonquian words for fire.
	www.skokienet.org /cats/history/rjwname.html (178 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		To fight the Fox and their Kickapoo and Mascouten allies, the French first had to rebuild the alliance.
		The French first took the precaution to isolate the Fox from their Dakota and Winnebago allies and by 1728 were ready to strike.
		Meetings were held at the Shawnee villages on the Scioto River in 1770 and 1771, but William Johnson was able to prevent an alliance with threats of a war with the Iroquois.
	www.327gir.com /Ojibwe.html (16090 words)

	fox
		Likewise, groups of Mascouten and Miami were moving south into the Wabash River Valley.
		Generally tribal shifts occurred without confrontation, however, between 1695 and 1700 the Fox and Winnebago combined to drive the Kaskaskia out of their last village in southern Wisconsin and began to press them into northern Illinois.
		In 1746 the Peoria were driven out of southern Wisconsin again by the Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Menominee, and Mascouten.
	www.niu.edu /historicalbuildings/illini/fox.htm (1369 words)

	French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		One of the largest changes was the migration that took place into Illinois.
		The Mascouten and Kickapoo accepted an invitation to settle upon Miami lands in northern and central Illinois.
		Prairies rather then river dwellers the Kickapoo and Mascouten no doubt had other villages during this time in north central Illinois, near the Rock, Fox, Vermilion, and Mackinaw Rivers, but these locations are unknown.
	www.niu.edu /historicalbuildings/prehistory/french.htm (221 words)

	The Expedition to Fort Chartres
		At the mouth of the Wabash, Croghan's party is attacked and looted by Kickapoo and Mascouten warriors.
		The expedition passed the mouth of the Wabash.
		Eddington notes that the from the place where the Wabash joins the Ohio, the French refer to as the Wabash, with the Ohio ending at the Wabash.
	www.42ndrhr.org /chartres.php (3148 words)

	American Journeys Background on The Mississippi Voyage of Jolliet and Marquette
		They visited with the Menominee Indians and Marquette described the “folle avione” or wild rice growing throughout the region that sustained large populations of native people.
		They arrived at the mouth of the Fox River at Green Bay and ascended upstream to Lake Winnebago and continued upriver until they camped with the Mascouten (an Algonquian tribe) who lived at what became Berlin in Green Lake County, Wisconsin.
		The Mascouten described a river called the “Meskousing” that flowed near the backwaters of the Fox River and was accessible by a short portage.
	www.americanjourneys.org /aj-051/summary/index.asp (646 words)

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