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Topic: Masculinity vs femininity

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	Geert Hofstede - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		individualism vs. collectivism - individualism is contrasted with collectivism, and refers to the extent to which people are expected to stand up for themselves, or alternatively act predominantly as a member of the group or organisation.
		masculinity vs femininity - refers to the value placed on traditionally male or female values.
		Japan is considered by Hofstede to be the most "masculine" culture, Sweden the most "feminine." The U.S. and U.K. are moderately masculine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geert_Hofstede (383 words)

	Masculinity vs femininity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Japan is the world's most masculine society, with a rating of 95, while Sweden is the most feminine society, with a rating of 5.
		"Feminine" cultures are the Netherlands, Spain, Thailand, Korea and Portugal.
		An American woman, for example, may have more "masculine" values than a Dutch man, just as a Swedish man may be more concerned with women's rights than an Italian woman.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Masculinity_vs_femininity (210 words)

	Philosophical Reflections 22: Sex, Drugs and Rock'n'Roll, Part B
		Masculinity and femininity are concepts pertaining to the psychological differences between men as males and women as females.
		It is important to bear in mind that masculinity and femininity are sexual concepts: they apply solely to the relationships between the sexes, not to men and women as human beings: that is, not to men and women in their relationship to reality.
		Like masculine strength, "feminine softness" is a relative term: what a woman seeks is someone stronger than her (in at least some ways which she regards as important); what a man seeks is someone softer than him.
	www.thoughtware.com.au /philosophy/philref/PHILOS.22B.html (1644 words)

	Geert Hofstede - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		* individualism vs collectivism - individualism is contrasted with collectivism, and refers to the extent to which people are expected to stand up for themselves, or alternatively act predominantly as a member of the group or organisation.
		* masculinity vs femininity - refers to the value placed on traditionally male or female values.
		Masculinity and Femininity : The Taboo Dimension of National Cultures (Cross Cultural Psychology)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /hofstede.htm (448 words)

	Hélène Cixous and Utopian Thought: From 'Tancredi Continues' to The Book of Promethea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		What makes humanity divine is partly its feminine component, according to H, and what makes love between two women so exciting is that, by giving birth to one another, they are related as mothers and daughters in a new filiation that affirms the often repressed or scorned continuity and creativity of women (208-9).
		She is also 'Eppur' (in reference to the exclamation of Galileo) or 'E pur' ('purely is'): the mark of the feminine in a pure state (33), she who is unashamedly naked, she who attempts to build with H a new paradise where the apples are all the more delicious for being invented (60, 202).
		She insists on the importance of the maternal feminine as a feminist strategy in both Derrida and Cixous and demonstrates that, in these two authors, the evocation of the mother does not rest on either reality or the concept of origin.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utq/722/722_savona.html (5691 words)

	What's in a Picture?
		It was hypothesized that that the order and structure conveyed by the guards on the left of the scene called "tribes" would be preferred by those into power-distance, while the family on horseback would be of value to others.
		Hofstede and others characterize masculinity vs. femininity as a cultural dimension in addition to often carrying connotations for gender-specific role behaviors within particular cultures.
		It was hypothesized that persons whose socialization reflected cultures classified as 'masculine' would prefer the building of angles and lines, that more feminist cultures would tend to opt for the realm of circles and open spaces.
	www.csupomona.edu /~sciman/Forms/whatsinapict.html (1663 words)

	ASQ: Areas of Use: Education
		The statistically identified clusters of characteristics of national cultures are: power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation.
		Long-term vs. short-term orientation or Confucian dynamism (Hofstede 1994), which means persistence, establishment, and observation of priorities, thrift, and a sense of shame on the long-term orientation pole, personal steadiness, protection of “face,” respect for traditions, reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts on the short-term orientation pole.
		In CMMI GP 2.4 of the previous example, the consideration of the individualism vs. collectivism factor of the Hofstede model (GCP 2.2) leads to another cultural restriction of this practice that should be relieved.
	www.asq.org /pub/sqp/past/vol4_issue4/biro.html (4286 words)

	THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPE OF SCHOOLING (SINGLE-SEX VS. CO-EDUCATIONAL) AND GENDER ROLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Seventeen of these adjectives were feminine in nature, another seventeen were masculine in nature, and the last seventeen were neutral, that is not possessing traits of a masculine or feminine nature.
		For the averages of single-sex high schools, the masculinity average was (M = 86.1, SD = 12.2), and the femininity average was (M = 85.9, SD = 10.1).
		For the averages of co-educational high schools, the masculinity average was (M = 91.2, SD = 12), and the femininity average was (M = 87.1, SD = 9.7).
	clearinghouse.mwsc.edu /manuscripts/295.asp (4604 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		I belive that issue of masculinity and gay males is an interesting paradox.
		It all seems to be a mismatched attempt to struggle with a sense of the masculine ideal.
		Whether an individual male is identified as heterosexual or homosexual, we are by definition of the masculine gender.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=5547838&postID=106648035080070332 (681 words)

	Masculinity vs. Femininity in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart Things Fall Apart essays
		One such instance is when Okonkwo was disbanded from his home for a Feminine murder; Clearly his personal god or Chi was not made for great things.
		Feminine versus masculine traits is the controversy in this instance.
		The masculinity is what helps the tribe survive.
	www.123helpme.com /assets/14746.html (1272 words)

	This article appeared as part of the Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Human Factors and the Web in Austin, Texas, ...
		Masculinity and femininity refer to gender roles, not physical characteristics.
		Hofstede focuses on the traditional assignment to masculine roles of assertiveness, competition, and toughness, and to feminine roles of orientation to home and children, people, and tenderness.
		Since Hofstede's definition focuses on the balance between roles and relationships, we believe masculinity and femininity may be expressed on the Web through different emphases.
	www.wwmr.org /ip-marcom/hofstede-ad.htm (1878 words)

	O'Clock & Devine 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Another set of factors that must be considered when developing control systems are those related to the cultural environment.
		Masculinity vs. femininity relates to whether masculine or feminine characteristics are more valued in a culture
		2 See the Reiter summary for an interesting article related to the masculinity vs. femininity dimension.
	www.maaw.info /ArticleSummaries/ArtSumO'Clock&Devine03.htm (889 words)

	Mav's War Journal - on masculinity vs. femininity through functional portable storage accessories... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The backpack allowed a man to carry all of his random crap around without a feminine looking purse, and it was much easier to deal with and had a larger storage capacity than a briefcase.
		I consider neither bag to be masculine or feminine.
		For me, masculinity or femininity is determined by the size and constrution of the bag.
	www.livejournal.com /users/chrismaverick/218050.html (4085 words)

	masculinity virginia woolf: 1millionessays.com- one million essays, one million term papers, one million book reports
		On 1millionessays.com there are hundreds of free essay abstracts written by your fellow college students on masculinity virginia woolf.
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	1millionessays.com /term-papers/3269/masculinity-virginia-woolf.html (346 words)

	Through the Labyrinth, And What Sarah Found There
		The ring itself is an obvious feminine symbol (not yonical, as it does not have a sexual association with it), and Hoggle expresses dismay at her freely giving away this symbol, because he obviously wished to possess it himself.
		The peach itself is feminine, but after the dream sequence, Sarah finds the bite in her peach has a worm in it.
		Her reaction to this appreciation of her femininity is an uncertain smile...she knows it's flattering, but doesn't feel comfortable with it.
	www.angelfire.com /mi2/lorelei/labyanalysis.html (16266 words)

	Masculinity vs. Femininity in the Medieval Period
		Femininity in the Medieval Period In the present time, images of masculine and feminine behavior and characteristics exist and as a result, society labels its people.
		This, in turn, creates roles which a person will be expected to fill according to masculine or feminine behaviors and/or characteristics.
		The medieval period also had ideas of what feminine and masculine behaviors were and what roles a person was to fill according to those behaviors.
	www.radessays.com /viewpaper/22989/Medicine_Through_Time.html (290 words)

	Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the collaboration of men and women in the Church and in the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In this way, the human body, marked with the sign of masculinity or femininity, “includes right from the beginning the nuptial attribute, that is, the capacity of expressing love, that love in which the person becomes a gift and — by means of this gift — fulfils the meaning of his being and his existence”.
		On the other hand, the masculinity of the Son shows how Jesus assumes in his person all that the Old Testament symbolism had applied to the love of God for his people, described as the love of a bridegroom for his bride.
		Far from giving the Church an identity based on an historically conditioned model of femininity, the reference to Mary, with her dispositions of listening, welcoming, humility, faithfulness, praise and waiting, places the Church in continuity with the spiritual history of Israel.
	www.vatican.va /roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20040731_collaboration_en.html (6306 words)

	the two sexes: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		a consciously feminine woman is a woman who is conscious of her own femininity
		an example of a woman who is not conscious of her own femininity
		if she could accept her own femininity, and understand that feminine women are attracted to strong men, she could begin to distinguish between responsible strong men and irresponsible, abusive strong men
	www.profem.com /cgi-bin/blosxom.cgi/sexuality/the_two_sexes/femininity/conscious_femininity/index.html (232 words)

	Althouse: Rituals of the beauty culture.
		Femininity is a system that tries to secure advantages for women, primarily by enhancing their sexual attractiveness to men.
		But femininity depends on a sense of female inadequacy to perpetuate itself.
		Completely successful femininity can never be entirely attained, which is precisely why women engage in so much laboring, agonizing, and self-loathing, because whatever you do, there's always that straggly inch-long chin hair or pot belly or just the inexorable march of time.
	althouse.blogspot.com /2005/01/rituals-of-beauty-culture.html (466 words)

	Culture
		"Masculine" values involve competition and "conquering" nature by means such as large construction projects, while "feminine" values involve harmony and environmental protection.
		Japan is one of the more masculine countries, while the Netherlands rank relatively low.
		High vs. low context cultures: In some cultures, "what you see is what you get"—the speaker is expected to make his or her points clear and limit ambiguity.
	www.larsperner.com /misc/culture.htm (1173 words)

	[Theories of Humor in 3rd Rock From the Sun: Application and Analysis]
		Sally is incongruous because, besides the fact that she was a man on her own planet and has been sent to Earth as a woman, she is trying to cope in a female body with male emotions and attitudes (which, however, are slowly changing as Sally becomes more used to her breasts).
		As Sally learns how to be a woman, she moves away from the masculine stereotype of swashbuckler and towards the feminine stereotype of overbearing, clothes-loving whiner.
		Since Sally was a man (well, actually an asexual being with masculine tendencies) on her own planet, she is facing a contradiction head-on when she is given the body of a 6 ft. tall blonde bombshell and is made to experience "womanism" at its finest.
	unix1.cc.ysu.edu /~sattardo/tv/nardella.htm (5779 words)

	The Bacchae Message Board
		The fact that Dionysis appears feminine but is male is also important; the concept of someone male being feminine is disgusting and frightening to Pentheus.
		The fact that this person gains authority over him reveals that Pentheus's so-called 'masculinity' is not as strong as he thinks.
		Alternatively, you could interpret this as something of a feminist text; it could be saying that femininity is stronger than masculinity, and that Pentheus and Dionysis - whom some deem as bad as eachother - show how very ridiculous the notion of 'masculinity' is.
	mb.sparknotes.com /mb.epl?b=1663&m=554733&t=190319&w=1 (178 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		His novels are decadent and egotistical and glorify force and masculinity.
		Montherlant fought in World War I and was later an athlete and a bullfighter.
		Look up Masculinity vs femininity on HighBeam™ Research.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Masculinity+vs+femininity (535 words)

	Ralph McElroy Translation E-Buzz, March 2002
		Hofstede defined five dimensions of culture, and the 53 countries surveyed were rated for each dimension, usually on a scale of 1 to 100.
		Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture include long-term vs. short-term orientation; femininity vs. masculinity; power-distance; collectivism vs. individualism; and uncertainty avoidance.
		Femininity and masculinity are defined as gender roles, not physical characteristics.
	www.mcelroytranslations.com /newsletterArchives/rmtc15.htm (4605 words)

	How about men wearing long hair? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Paul explained that there are certain signs of masculinity and femininity.
		Paul said the opposite was true of man, "Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him?" (vs. 14).
		You will observe "long hair" is befitting the woman, while "long hair" is a shame to man (Paul agrees with the teaching of nature).
	www.biblequestions.org /Archives/BQAR231.htm (288 words)

	Online newspapers: the impact of culture, sex, and age on the perceived importance of specified quality factors
		Individualism vs. Collectivism: at one end of this dimension (individualism) society allows a lot of freedom and the bonds between individuals are very loose; at the other end (collectivism) ties between individuals are very tight and opinions are strongly conditioned by the group.
		Masculinity vs. Femininity: this refers to the degree of sex role divisions within a society.
		Hofstede notes that in masculine societies men tend to take the more assertive and dominant roles and women the more service-oriented and caring roles.
	www.informationr.net /ir/9-4/paper197.html (5763 words)

	De Novo: Cathy Gellis: Judge Kozinski asks, and I answer
		It is inequitable to require women to highlight their femininity, when men are obviously not under the same obligation.
		Not only does it amount to an additional financial burden not equivalently born by their male colleagues, but the very requirement by design undermines their equality.
		It is simply a matter of femininity vs. masculinity, which as I've said, the courts have found to be reasonable.Also, I'm not quite sure how placing makeup on yourself is battery.
	www.blogdenovo.org /archives/000961.html (1766 words)

	Featured Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In general, feminine cultures tend to allow cross-gender behaviors while masculine cultures are more likely to maintain strictly defined gender roles.
		Traditional masculine cultures value wealth, challenge, promotion, and recognition of achievements.
		Feminine cultures value good relations with co-workers, pleasant and congenial home and workplace, and job security.
	www.usdla.org /html/journal/MAR02_Issue/article03.html (5358 words)

	Tarot FAQ by Michael Star
		If the designer of a Tarot deck wanted to use male figures to symbolize "masculine" or "assertive" or "logical" and female figures to symbolize "fem- inine" or "receptive" or "intuitive" he might be accused of sex- ism in a modern society.
		And if he wanted to use a soldier to symbolize the traits of aggressiveness or raw strength, he would find some readers confused by the fact that a modern soldier may be a women or a man...and miss the symbolic concepts tradition- ally associated with masculinity vs. femininity.
		Femininity is associated with the planet Venus and the goddess Venus or Aphrodite.
	horoscopes.hypermart.net /tarotfaq.shtml (2918 words)

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