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	Biblical Manuscripts: The Leningrad Codex
		Sometime in the Middle Ages a group of scholars called Masoretes became interested in developing a system for marking the vowels.
		The Masoretes were also interested in copying the biblical text very carefully so that it would be preserved from generation to generation.
		This is because it is the oldest complete manuscript copied with the Masoretic system developed by the Ben Asher family.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/biblical_manuscripts/LeningradCodex.shtml (794 words)

	Masora - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Through assiduous study the Masoretes formulated rules for an accurate reading of each verse, evolving a system of vowels and punctuation for the purpose of pronunciation and intonation.
		The Masoretic compilation that consists of notes in the margins is called the Small, or Marginal, Masora; the one that consists of notes written at the top or the bottom of the text is known as the Great, or Final, Masora.
		Masoretic work was begun at an unknown time; the first traces of it appear in some halakic works on the Pentateuch.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Masora.html (417 words)

	Masoretic Text - SkepticWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Masoretic Text is the official recension of the Hebrew Canon.
		In the ninth century AD, the masoretic scholars decided to put this tradition on a firmer footing by making an authoritative recension of the Hebrew canon, using Masoretic Points to record the vowel sounds, adding an elaborate system of punctuation marks, and instituting a set of rules for copyists designed to eliminate copying errors.
		The Masoretic recension, with its vowels and punctuation, seems to have made every previous scripture obsolete, and no-one, it seems, thought to hang on to the old model for the benefit of scholars a thousand years hence.
	www.skepticwiki.org /wiki/index.php?title=Masoretic_Text&redirect=no (518 words)

	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica - Chambers \| Christian Classics Ethereal ...
		Before the Masoretes the pronunciation was fixed, not yet written, but handed down by word of mouth, although some scholars may have used signs in their books to assist their memory.
		The Masoretes fixed the reading of the text by the introduction of the vowel-signs, the accents, and the signs which affect the reading of the consonants (daghesh, mappiḳ, raphe, and the diacritical point to distinguish between the letters "sin" and "shin").
		After the completion of the Masoretic textual work and the collection of the notes having reference to it, no essential change was made in the text; consequently this period is the time of the faithful preservation, multiplication, and circulation of the Masoretic text.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc02.bible_text.html (13112 words)

	Who invented the index? - An agenda for research on information access features of Hebrew and Latin manuscripts - 66th ...
		The book includes an illustration of a Masoretic list in which words from the Hebrew Bible are arranged in alphabetical order, and the phrases from which they are taken aligned next to them.
		The Masoretes also divided the Bible into chapters, known as sedarim, for the purpose of designating portions of the text to be read in the synagogue.
		If we grant that Masoretic lists were concordance-like structures, we need to establish that Christian Biblical scholars had access to them before claiming that these Hebrew word lists served as the model for Latin concordances.
	www.ifla.org /IV/ifla66/papers/081-174e.htm (2088 words)

	Masoretes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The masoretes were a group of rabbis who who compiled a system of critical notes on the external form of the Biblical text, and who effectivly determined the precise text of the Bible in the Jewish community.
		See the article on the Masoretic text for a full discussion of their work.
		The Karaite ben Asher family is responsible for the preservation and production of the Masoretic Text, which all current Hebrew Bibles are based upon.
	www.purpleuniverse.com /true_associate-Masoretes.html (130 words)

	About the RSV
		Most of the corrections adopted are based on the ancient versions (translations into Greek, Aramaic, Syriac, and Latin), which were made before the time of the Masoretic revision and therefore reflect earlier forms of the text.
		The present revision returns to the procedure of the King James Version, which follows the precedent of the ancient Greek and Latin translators and the long established practice in the reading of the Hebrew scriptures in the synagogue.
		The form "Jehovah" is of late medieval origin; it is a combination of the consonants of the Divine Name and the vowels attached to it by the Masoretes but belonging to an entirely different word.
	www.ncccusa.org /newbtu/aboutrsv.html (2581 words)

	[b-hebrew] Why assume the Masoretes recorded spoken Hebrew?
		Unless we continue to assume--totally implausibly--that Masoretes meant two different sounds with the same sign of schwa, we have to assume that all schwas sounded the same for Masoretes.
		Call it fricative or fricativised, no difference, but the sound Masoretes indicated as plosive was in speech closer to fricative than to plosive.
		Masoretes made singing guide, they were unconcerned with speech.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/2005-February/022450.html (862 words)

	The Fictional God Of Jehovah
		The Masoretes were a sect of scribes whose duty it was to copy the ancient manuscripts so that contemporary Jews could have access to the words of the original texts.
		Generally when they encountered the generic word for the deity, the Masoretes used the word Adonai, which means "Lord." But when they got to YHWH they had a dilemma.
		It was actually the Germans who made the first translation of the Bible from Latin, the language of the Church, to the common language of the people.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/06july/article161.html (1057 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Masoretes (ba'alei hamasorah, Hebrew ×‘×¢×× ×”××¡×•×¨×”) were groups of scribes working between the 7th and 11th centuries based primarily in Tiberias; Jerusalem; and Babylonia.
		The Ben Asher family of masoretes was largely responsible for the preservation and production of the Masoretic Text, although an alternate Masoretic text of the Ben Naphtali masoretes which differs slightly from the Ben Asher text existed.
		The Masoretes devised the vowel notation system for Hebrew that is still widely used as well as the trope symbols used for cantillation.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Masoretes (193 words)

	Masorah to the Torah
		However, the selection of Masoretic notes attached to the Mikra'ot Gedolot was compiled by Jacob ben Hayyim ibn Adoniyahu, a Spanish Jew who fled to Venice via Tunisia and was employed by the printer Daniel Bomberg.
		In their determination to maintain an exact text of the sacred scriptures, the Masoretes compiled exhaustive concordance-like lists of all the occurrences of each word, grammatical form or spelling peculiarities throughout the Bible, different formats for paragraph breaks, etc,.
		Summary comments are appended to the ends of each unit listing the total numbers of letters, words and verses, as well as identifying which letter, word and verse stands at the exact middle of the section.
	www.acs.ucalgary.ca /~elsegal/TalmudMap/MG/MGMasorah.html (646 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - Culture: Synagogue Music
		The written notation for cantillation was developed by a group known as the Masoretes (from the Hebrew word Mesorah, meaning "tradition"), active as early as the sixth century, but who may have been recording much more ancient practices.
		The Masoretes inscribed each word in the Bible with a cantillation mark, indicating how it was to be sung.
		During the ensuing 1,500 years, each community's cantillation melodies diverged and took on the character and sound of music of surrounding peoples, but the Masoretic markings and guidelines for cantillation have remained the same.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /culture/Music/TOSynagogueMusic/SynagogueMusic.htm (1238 words)

	Q're perpetuum
		A Q're perpetuum or standing Q're is a technical orthographic device to indicate the pronunciation of certain words in the masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh).
		The masoretes inherited a form of the Biblical text written in the consonantal letters of the Hebrew alphabet (with only a very limited and ambiguous indication of vowels by means of matres lectionis), and never altered this basic consonantal text when they annotated it with the written vowel diacritic symbols which they invented.
		In this case, they wrote the vowel diacritics of their preferred reading in the main text (added around the consonantal letters of the masoretically-disapproved variant), with a special sign indicating that there was a marginal note for this word.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DQ%27re (376 words)

	"The Transmission of the Scriptures" by John H. Skilton
		The Masoretes also provided notes on the text, notes of such abundance and detail that from them alone it is possible to a considerable extent to reconstruct the text.
		The Masoretes were heirs of the text in use when the Talmud was written, a text which, as is clear from the Talmud itself, had previously been in a relatively fixed condition.
		And it is to be observed that the great majority of the variations between the Septuagint and the Masoretic text arise from the fact that the translators supplied different vowels to the consonantal text from those which the Masoretes employed.
	www.the-highway.com /transmission1_Skilton.html (5528 words)

	Catastrophe of vowels
		Working with variora editions, the Masoretes had to make thousands of decisions regarding the varying pronunciations of words in the Scriptures and in each case choose one, in essence collapsing the multiple potential meanings into one actuality, one sense.
		The Masoretes note that what is written (kettiv) in the text includes a yod between the mi and the itti, which would literally give "Who [mi] with me [eettee]?" thereby phrasing a rhetorical question.
		But, the Masoretes insist, the text should be vocalized (qere) as m'itti as if the yod were missing, which means "from or by (mem-aleph-tav) me (final yod)." Slight differences in shades of meaning are produced by these two pronunciations.
	motspluriels.arts.uwa.edu.au /MP1901dpCatast.html (1184 words)

	Masoretes Term Papers, Essay Research Paper Help, Essays on Masoretes
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		In addition to regular libraries, our professional Masoretes researchers have access to online, member-only libraries that contain millions of books, journals, periodicals, magazines, and vast information on every conceivable Masoretes subject.
	www.essaytown.com /topics/masoretes_essays_papers.html (775 words)

	Masoretes Information
		The Masoretes (ba'alei hamasorah, Hebrew בעלי המסורה) were scribes based primarily in at least three places, Tiberias (the best known); the land of Israel; and Babylonia.
		Each group compiled a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides in the form of diacritical notes on the external form of the Biblical text in an attempt to canonize the Tanakh for the Jewish community.
		The Ben Asher family was largely responsible for the preservation and production of the Masoretic Text, although most current Hebrew Bibles are based upon the Masoretic text of the Ben Naphtali Masoretes which differs slightly from the Ben Asher text, although the halakhic authority Maimonides endorsed the Ben Asher as superior.
	www.bookrags.com /Masoretes (170 words)

	Masoretes - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The masoretes were a group of rabbis who compiled a system of critical notes on the external form of the Biblical text, and who effectivly determined the precise text of the Bible in the Jewish community.
		See the article on the Masoretic text for a full discussion of their work.
		The Karaite ben Asher family is responsible for the preservation and production of the Masoretic Text, which all current Hebrew Bibles are based upon.
	www.music.us /education/M/Masoretes.htm (358 words)

	EARLY SCHOLARS OF THE BIBLE
		The Masoretes were Jewish scholars who annotated and attempted to remove errors from the Old Testament.
		The Masoretes began work in the 2nd century CE, and their principal efforts took place in the 5th to 12th centuries CE.
		Prior to the Masoretes, there was no rigorous system for ensuring textual accuracy, nor is it certain that absolute literal accuracy was always deemed necessary.
	www.cesame-nm.org /Viewpoint/contributions/bible/scholars.html (661 words)

	M
		The Masoretes handed down this text from generation to generation, guarded it and kept it well.
		"The Masoretes flourished from about 500 to 1000 A.D. They were supposed to have standardized the Hebrew O.T. in about 600-700 A.D. by putting in the vowel pointings to aid in the pronunciation of the consonantal text.
		The date on it was 1008 A.D. This was not the traditional Masoretic Text that was used for 400 years and was the basis of the King James Bible.
	www.wayoflife.org /ency/textency/ency003e.htm (2290 words)

	Sample Chapter for Levin, C.; Kohl, M.,: The Old Testament: A Brief Introduction.
		The Aleppo and other manuscripts were written by what are known as the Masoretes, who were active from the eighth to the tenth century CE in Tiberias, on Lake Gennesaret.
		The most important achievement of the Masoretes was the precise recording of the pronunciation.
		The Masoretes resorted to noting their interpretation of the consonantal text in the margin of the column.
	press.princeton.edu /chapters/s7935.html (2637 words)

	Translating the Bible [Portion of Article] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Using as their guide the oral and written traditions that had been handed down from the ancient rabbis, the Masoretes worked to preserve and safeguard what they believed to be the definitive text of the Hebrew Bible.
		The Masoretes, to ensure that the sacred words of Scripture would be understood and also pronounced correctly, employed vowel signs in the form of tiny strokes and dots, and added these to the consonantal text.
		In some cases where the Septuagint and the Masoretic text disagree, the Septuagint passage is clearly a bad translation of an underlying Hebrew text that was identical to the version of the passage found in Masoretic manuscripts.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/944780/posts (970 words)

	The Text of the Hebrew Bible
		They fell into many errors in respect to the details of the history of the text and overrated the value of Extra-masoretic critical helps; but their general view was supported by irresistible arguments and is now universally adopted.
		The Talmud itself bears witness, by the agreement of its Biblical quotations with the Masoretic teat, that the consonantal text was practically finished before the Talmudic era closed.
		The other Masoretic material was written either beside and below the text of the Biblical books on the margins and at the close of the same, or in separate massorah-collections (see MASORAH).
	www.bible-researcher.com /hebrewtext1.html (4523 words)

	Hebrew Accent Marks
		Between the 7th and 9th centuries A.D, a group of Jewish scribes called the Masoretes added vowel signs (nikkudot), cantillation symbols and accent marks (ta'amim) to the text.
		The marked text was called the Masoretic Text and became the standard text for the Jews around the world.
		Note: You do not need to memorize the names of these accent marks; however, when you see one of them in your reading of the Tanakh, accent the syllable where the mark appears (for example, the silluq in the last word of the pasuk (verse) tells us to accent the pretonic syllable: ha-a-rets).
	www.hebrew4christians.com /Grammar/Unit_Three/Word_Accents/word_accents.html (656 words)

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