A fluid flow detecting apparatus is disclosed for detecting a characteristic of fluid flowing in a fluid passage.
A flowrate sensor includes a main conduit, a sensor tube and a bypass tube connecting an upstream portion of the main conduit to a downstream portion of the main conduit such that flow through the main conduit is divided through the sen...
A heating resistor flowrate measuring instrument, having a heating resistor and a thermally sensitive resistor disposed in a sub-passage of a main passage.
Several of such massflowrate versus normalized temperature parameter curves are used at different input temperatures to express the massflowrate in terms of a polynomial having certain constant terms and input temperature and the normalized temperature parameter as variables.
The massflowrate of fluid flowing through the conduit is then determined using the preferably empirically determined relationship for massflow in terms of the input temperature and the normalized temperature parameter, and constants determined in the in situ calibration procedure.
1 is a schematic representation of a massflow measuring apparatus embodying the principles of the invention.
However, for the paddle wheel sensor, variables such as the portion of the flow hitting the wheel, drag on the wheel, the alignment of the flowvelocity vector relative to the surfaces of the vanes, etc. affect the relationship between flowrate and rotation velocity.
A massflow controller is a device that senses mass (not volumetric) flow and then actuates a valve to control the massflow to a desired rate.
Flowrate is indicated by a signal that ranges from 0 to 5V for 0 20 SLPM at 15V excitation.
The desired "fuel flowrate" depends on several conditions, with the engine's "air flowrate" being the fundamental factor.
To achieve stoichiometry, the air massflow into the engine is measured and combined with the fact that the stoichiometric air/fuel ratio is 14.64:1 (by weight) for gasoline.
The rate of the wire's cooling is proportional to the "air mass"flowing across the wire.
Massflow measurement is the basis of most recipe formulations, material balance determinations, and billing and custody transfer operations throughout industry.
When a fluid is flowing in a pipe and it is subjected to Coriolis acceleration through the mechanical introduction of apparent rotation into the pipe, the amount of deflecting force generated by the Coriolis inertial effect will be a function of the massflowrate of the fluid.
The massflowrate is obtained by calculating the mean velocity and multiplying this by the density and by the cross-sectional area measurement of the duct.
Thrust is produced by the expulsion of a reaction mass, such as the hot gas products of a chemical reaction.
In an optimum situation (see below), thrust equals the product of the mass expelled from the rocket in unittime (the propellant massflowrate) and the exhaust velocity (the average actual velocity of the exhaust gases).
Even when the propellant flowrate and exhaust velocity are constant, so that the thrust is constant, a rocket will accelerate at an increasing rate because the rocket’s overall mass decreases as propellant is used up.
Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Rocket fuel(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
The thrust produced is the massflowrate of the propellants multiplied by their exhaust velocity (relative to the rocket), as specified by Newton's third law of motion.
Typically, a single-stage rocket might have a mass fraction of 90% propellant, which is a mass ratio of 1/(1-0.9) = 10.
LOX/hydrocarbon rockets are run only somewhat rich (O/F mass ratio of 3 rather than stoichiometric of 3.4 to 4), because the energy release per unitmass drops off quickly as the mixture ratio deviates from stoichiometric.
We are the world's most well known and comprehensive source for flow meter technology, flow transmitters, flow meter manufacturers and suppliers of water meters, chemical flow cells, fuel flowmeters, air flow monitors, gas flow indicators, steam flow measurement and multiphase meter applications.
The CTT ultrasonic flow meter is a patented method of measuring flowvelocity within a small condiuit.
The ultrasonic flow meter market is one of the fastest growing markets in the world because of the significant advantages seen in the implementation of an accurate transit timeflow meter.
www.flowmeterdirectory.com (1624 words)
☞ reference - Mass Flow Meter(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
The TGM Thermal MassFlow Meter is suited for the mass measurement of pure, non-aggressive gases and gas mixtures.
The GFM massflow meter, which is ideal for thermal massflow metering of clean gases, is just one of the competitively priced flow meters available.
A massflow meter, also known as inertial flow meter and coriolis flow meter, is a device that...
www.reference247.info /massflowmeter (645 words)
AcademicDB - Physics University Essays, Coursework and Dissertations(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
The fluid flowing in the shell is made to flow first in one direction and then in the opposite across the tube bundle by fitting a series of baffles along the length.
Thermodynamics & Fluid Mechanics - testing a number of orifices of varying shape to calculate the massflowrate and the coefficients of contraction, velocity and discharge for each orifice.
This allowed the effect of head on massflowrate and the orifice coefficients to be determined.
Rocket Fuel Encyclopedia Articles @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base)(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Rocket fuel is a propellant that reacts with an oxidizing agent to produce thrust in a rocket.
The maximum velocity that a rocket can attain in the absence of any external forces is primarily a function of its mass ratio and its exhaust velocity.
The mass ratio is just a way to express what proportion of the rocket is fuel when it starts accelerating.
Considering the massflowrate equation, it appears that for a given area and a fixed density, we could increase the massflowrate indefinitely by simply increasing the velocity.
If we have a tube with changing area, like the nozzle shown on the slide, the maximum massflowrate through the system occurs when the flow is choked at the smallest area.
By substituting the sonic conditions into the massflow equation in the box, and doing some algebra, we can relate the Mach number M at any location in the nozzle to the ratio between the area A at that location and the area of the throat A*.
Mass airflow is determined by volumetric efficiency VE, and the density (pressure-and-temperature) of the air.
If you want to work this out in massflow, a standard cubic foot of air weighs about 0.0765 pounds on a standard 15C day.
So as a rough guide we can say that multiplying and dividing injector flowrates in the 2 popular flowunits by 10 gives us a close approximation conversion.
RAMJET SCRAMJET and PDE - an introduction(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Drawbacks: a secondary gaseous source (gas generator and cooler) is needed to fluidize the powder, preparation of the loading and control of the flowrate are critical
Throttling of the gas generator massflowrate by variation of its throat, that gives a thrust modulation capability to the ramjet.
To bypass these issues, the solution is to maintain the flow supersonic from the air inlet to the engine exit and to achieve the combustion in the supersonic flow