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Topic: Mass transportation

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	Mass Transportation Fringe Benefit Program: Implementation Outside the National Capital Region...MassTrans - RABP
		(as of 04Jun01) Under Executive Order 13150 dated April 21, 2000, Federal agencies were directed to establish transportation fringe benefit programs to reduce Federal employees' contribution to traffic congestion and air pollution, and to expand their commuting alternatives.
		Mass Transportation Application Form in PDF format (as of 22Jan04)
		Audit Guide for Mass Transportation Fringe Benefit Program for Outside the National Capital Region (NCR)...
	www.asafm.army.mil /rabp/masstrans/masstrans.asp (468 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Urban Mass Transit In The United States
		The history of mass transit on land in the United States begins in the 1830s with the introduction of horse-drawn omnibuses and streetcars in Eastern cities.
		The federal role increased with the passage of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, which authorized $375 million in aid to the capital costs of transit projects, with each two federal dollars to be matched with one local dollar.
		At one extreme are those who believe that mass transit as a thriving industry died of foul play, the victim of a criminal conspiracy of automobile, rubber, and oil producers who hoped to force Americans to depend on their cars.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/?article=schrag.mass.transit.us (3264 words)

	[No title]
		The availability of safe and reliable mass transportation and railroad systems is critical to the health of our nationâs economy as well as Americansâ quality of life, so we must remain vigilant and prepare for the possibility that terrorists may attempt to launch attacks on those systems.
		Last year, in section 609 of the PROTECT Act, Congress amended the mass transportation statute to broaden the definition of âvehicleâ to include âany carriage or contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land, water, or through the air,â which clearly includes passenger aircraft.
		While the mass transportation statute currently requires that an individual willfully commit one of the acts prohibited by that statute, the wrecking trains statute requires that an individual committing some of the acts prohibited by that statute specifically intend to derail, disable, or wreck a train.
	judiciary.senate.gov /testimony.cfm?id=1123&wit_id=3275 (1436 words)

	Urban Mass Transportation Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (PL 88-365, codified in Chapter 53 of Title 49 of the U.S. Code) provided $375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects in the form of matching funds to cities and states.
		The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970 (PL 91-453) authorized an additional $12 billion of the same type of matching funds.
		The laws, while the first major federal investments in urban transit have been criticized both for going too far (is transit a federal or local responsibility?) and not going far enough (the 50:50 match was much less than the 80:20 match provided for new highway construction).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Urban_Mass_Transportation_Act (390 words)

	The future of mass transportation (from mass transit) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Mass transportation performs important economic, social, and environmental functions in cities, ranging from providing basic mobility services in developing countries, to securing the viability of dense business districts, to meeting all the transportation requirements for those unable to use automobiles, to reducing the negative impacts of automobile…
		According to Roman Catholic teaching, the mass is a memorial in which the death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ are sacramentally reenacted; it is a true sacrifice in which the body and blood of...
		Transportation movements, combined into various systems and networks, are by way of land, water, and air and by such...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-64267?tocId=64267 (815 words)

	[No title]
		Special efforts shall be made in planning and designing mass transportation service and facilities to ensure that mass transportation can be used by elderly individuals and individuals with disabilities.
		A mass transportation project that has an approved draft Environmental Impact Statement is exempt from complying with requirements under the Act applicable to highway projects.
		The remainder of the net project cost shall be provided in cash from sources other than amounts of the Government or revenues from providing mass transportation (excluding revenues derived from the sale of advertising and concessions that are more than the amount of those revenues in the fiscal year that ended September 30, 1985).
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/49C53.txt (8018 words)

	TMIP: Urban Transportation Planning In the United States: An Historical Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It permitted the use of "contract authority" whereby the Secretary of Transportation was authorized to incur obligations on behalf of the United States with Congress pledged to appropriate the funds required to liquidate the obligations.
		For the first time urban transportation planning was funded separately: ½ of 1 percent of all federal-aid funds were designated for this purpose and apportioned to the states on the basis of urbanized area population.
		The transportation system for all three periods was described in terms of the supply of facilities, equipment, and services, travel demand, system performance, social and environmental impacts, and capital and operating costs.
	tmip.fhwa.dot.gov /clearinghouse/docs/utp/ch7.stm (5399 words)

	Chapter 391 — Mass Transportation
		The Oregon Mass Transportation Financing Authority is hereby created as a public instrumentality of the State of Oregon and the exercise by the authority of the powers conferred by ORS 267.227 and 391.500 to 391.660 is the performance of an essential public function.
		The Oregon Mass Transportation Financing Authority may adopt and amend appropriate bylaws for the regulation of its affairs and the conduct of its business and may elect a secretary who need not be a member.
		All expenses of the Oregon Mass Transportation Financing Authority incurred in carrying out the provisions of ORS 267.227 and 391.500 to 391.660 shall be payable solely from funds provided under the authority of ORS 267.227 and 391.500 to 391.660.
	www.leg.state.or.us /ors/391.html (8243 words)

	Discrimination in Mass Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Transportation systems are reviewed by the FTA every three years to ensure that the local transportation system is following the law and their program for services.
		If a transportation system provides a special service system for persons with disabilities, rather than an accessible bus system, it must continue to allow persons with disabilities the opportunity to use the general mass transit system, if the person with a disability is able to use the general system.
		This special efforts requirement is satisfied if the transportation service provided to passengers with disabilities is one that is reasonable in comparison to the service provided to the general public and meets a significant fraction of the actual transportation needs of such persons within a reasonable time.
	www.advocacyinc.org /TR1.htm (2297 words)

	Private Transportation vs. Mass Transit: The Environmental Aspects
		A mass transit system is more beneficial to the environment because it reduces the amount of pollution released into the air by providing an alternative to private transport that can be used by many.
		Mass transit systems are also more energy efficient modes of transportation than automobiles.
		Many cities do have viable mass transportation systems, and the people who use them are, on the whole, well-satisfied.
	www.cas.usf.edu /philosophy/mass/Stephanie.html (1743 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / Transportation chief resigns
		State Transportation Secretary Daniel A. Grabauskas resigned yesterday, saying he is becoming a candidate for the top job at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
		Grabauskas, 41, who has been transportation chief for two years, is viewed as the front-runner for the job of MBTA general manager.
		State legislators and transportation officials said the job could be filled by John Cogliano, head of the state Highway Department, or Astrid Glynn, a state deputy secretary for transportation, but that internal as well as external candidates would be considered.
	www.boston.com /news/local/massachusetts/articles/2005/03/31/transportation_chief_resigns (510 words)

	Mass Transportation Problems, Volumes 1 and 2
		In Volume I, the authors systematically develop the theory of mass transportation with emphasis on the Monge-Kantorovich mass transporation and the Kantorovich-Rubinstein mass transshipment problems, and their various extensions.
		The second volume is devoted to applications of the mass transportation and mass transshipment problems to topics in applied probability, theory of moments and distributions with given marginals, queueing theory, risk theory, analysis of algorithms, and tomography.
		His main research areas are the theory of mass transportation, probability metrics, stochastic algorithms, limit theorems for Gaussian and non-Gaussian laws, and mathematical statistics.
	www.pstat.ucsb.edu /faculty/rachev/back.html (330 words)

	Urban Transportation-Sci Tracer Bullet-Lib of Congress)
		Transportation in urban areas relies on the application of technology and scientific principles to plan, design, construct, operate, maintain, and manage in a safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible way the infra-structure and facilities associated with the movement of people and goods.
		A balanced urban transportation program may better utilize space and energy by improving and upgrading the existing transportation infrastructure and public transport, and by applying traffic control management strategies in order to maintain efficient movement of traffic on existing networks, improve mobility, and reduce traffic congestion, energy use, noise, accidents, pollution, and delays.
		Statistics of financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration by public transit operators in the U.S. pursuant to Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/urbantb.html (1528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is the policy of the department of the Navy (DoN) to encourage employees to use mass transportation for commuting to and/or from work in an effort to improve air quality and to reduce traffic congestion while improving the quality of life for its employees.
		Mass transportation vouchers will be used where available.
		Where vouchers are not readily available, the DON will implement a cash reimbursement arrangement for expenses incurred by DON employees for transportation in mass transit or van pools, as defined in Ref d.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/transportation/alnav038-01.txt (646 words)

	Mass Transportation Security Systems
		The Department of Transportation coordinates rail security-related projects including responding to bomb threats, monitoring incident databases for acts of sabotage and vandalism, and serving as a liaison to railroads regarding terrorist activity.
		The Department of Transportation provides nearly $4 billion in transit formula grants to States and localities under the President’s FY 2005 budget request.
		All major state and local mass transit and rail commuter operators have completed vulnerability assessments since Sept. 11 with federal technical assistance to best determine where current and future security resources must be directed to reduce vulnerabilities to terrorism.
	www.globalsecurity.org /security/systems/mass-transit.htm (2406 words)

	School Bus Transportation News at STN Media
		By including school bus transportation, the act extends protection to nearly 450,000 school bus drivers, 24 million school children who daily ride yellow school buses, plus 350,000 people who work in public transportation, and 14 million other Americans who daily utilize public transit.
		A person convicted under this law will be subject to imprisonment for up to 20 years, or for life if the attack results in the death of a person if the mass transportation vehicle is carrying a passenger at the time of the attack.
		Offenses punishable under the new law include wrecking, setting fire to or otherwise disabling or impairing a vehicle; placing or causing to be placed any biological agent or toxin for use as a weapon on or near a vehicle that would endanger the safety of pssengers or employees.
	www.stnonline.com /stn/industrynews/newsarchives/mass_system.htm (649 words)

	US CODE: Title 49,5302. Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mass transportation.— The term “mass transportation” means transportation by a conveyance that provides regular and continuing general or special transportation to the public, but does not include school bus, charter, or sightseeing transportation.
		Transit enhancement.— The term “transit enhancement” means, with respect to any project or an area to be served by a project, projects that are designed to enhance mass transportation service or use and that are physically or functionally related to transit facilities.
		Urban area.— The term “urban area” means an area that includes a municipality or other built-up place that the Secretary, after considering local patterns and trends of urban growth, decides is appropriate for a local mass transportation system to serve individuals in the locality.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /uscode/html/uscode49/usc_sec_49_00005302----000-.html (788 words)

	[No title]
		With regard to subparagraph (B)(ii), such determination may be made as part of either the conformity determination for the transportation program or for the individual project taken as a whole during the environmental review phase of project development.
		A suit may be brought against the Administrator and the Secretary of Transportation under section 304 to compel promulgation of such criteria and procedures and the Federal district court shall have jurisdiction to order such promulgation.
		This paragraph extends to, but is not limited to, authority exercised under the Urban Mass Transportation Act, title 23 of the United States Code, and the Housing and Urban Development Act.
	www.epa.gov /oar/caa/caa176.txt (444 words)

	Business Horizons: The Federal Role in Urban Mass Transportation. - book reviews
		As a result, mass transportation in America since 1964 is seen as an eminently human drama.
		Smerk tells of countless lost opportunities and seemingly continuous hostility between proponents of mass transit and a host of operatives who generally carry the colors of various branches of the federal government.
		Before the enactment of a federal assistance program for mass transportation, every year fewer passengers were riding America's buses and subway trains.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1038/is_n1_v35/ai_11874536 (656 words)

	Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		``(4) Fixed guideway.--The term `fixed guideway' means a mass transportation facility-- ``(A) using and occupying a separate right-of-way or rail for the exclusive use of mass transportation and other high occupancy vehicles; or ``(B) using a fixed catenary system and a right-of- way usable by other forms of transportation.
		``(e) International Mass Transportation Program.-- ``(1) Activities.--The Secretary is authorized to engage in activities to inform the United States domestic mass transportation community about technological innovations available in the international marketplace and activities that may afford domestic businesses the opportunity to become globally competitive in the export of mass transportation products and services.
		Such revenues shall be accounted for separately within the Mass Transit Account of the Highway Trust Fund and shall be available to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection, including promotional materials, travel, reception, and representation expenses necessary to carry out such activities.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /tea21/h2400iii.htm (5450 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-04112005-163457 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We prove that the modified log-Sobolev inequality implies the transportation inequality in the first systematic comparison of the modified log-Sobolev inequality, the Poincaré inequality, the transportation inequality, and a new variance transportation inequality.
		The duality shown by Bobkov and Götze of the transportation inequality and a generating function inequality is then utilized in finding the asymptotically correct value of the subgaussian constant of a cycle, regardless of the parity of the length of the cycle.
		Overall, the thesis demonstrates the utility of using the mass transportation problem in discrete isoperimetric and functional inequalities.
	etd.gatech.edu /theses/available/etd-04112005-163457 (348 words)

	Railroad Carriers and Mass Transportation Protection Act of 2004
		H. To amend title 18, United States Code, to combat terrorism against railroad carriers and mass transportation systems on land, on water, or through the air, and for other purposes.
		This Act may be cited as the `Railroad Carriers and Mass Transportation Protection Act of 2004'.
		`(1) Any of the conduct required for the offense is, or, in the case of an attempt, threat, or conspiracy to engage in conduct, the conduct required for the completed offense would be, engaged in, on, against, or affecting a mass transportation provider or railroad carrier engaged in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.
	www.theorator.com /bills108/hr4143.html (1450 words)

	Sun Herald - 11/10/03
		Jim Harriott, Sarasota County transportation planning manager, said Sarasota County Area Transit is expecting a fairly heavy increase in ridership because of a change in Florida law, in effect January, that will require drivers 80 years and older to pass a vision test to renew their license.
		Density, or the lack of, is one of the problems with mass transportation.
		Rich Weingarten, Charlotte Area Transit manager, said that nationally, mass transportation is moving away from fixed routes and moving more toward paratransit and route diversions.
	sun-herald.com /NewsArchive2/111003/tp1ch12.htm?...&story=tp1ch12.htm (1197 words)

	CVGMT: Mass Transportation Problems and Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mass Transportation Problems and Applications October 13 - 19, 2002
		Subjects: Recent years have seen the emergence of new directions in the study of optimal mass transportation, with connections to fluid mechanics, linear and nonlinear diffusion processes, calculus of variations, functional inequalities with a geometrical content, particle systems.
		This school will deal both with the study of the mass-transportation problem and with its applications to these various fields.
	cvgmt.sns.it /news/20021013 (90 words)

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