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Topic: Massachusett language

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	Language family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The concept of language families thus entails the concept of a historical genetic ancestor of a language, implying a gradual evolution over time of one language into another language (as opposed to sudden replacement of a language).
		The concept of linguistic ancestry is less clear-cut than the concept of biological ancestry, as in cases of extreme historical language contact, in particular the formation of creole languages and other types of mixed languages; it may be unclear which language should be considered the ancestor of a given language.
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Language_families_and_languages (775 words)

	Massachusett language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Massachusett language was a Native American language, a member of the Algonquian language family.
		The first Bible translation published in North America was a translation of the entire Bible into Massachusett, which was published by John Eliot in 1663, who followed with a primer in 1669.
		This tradition of literacy has given Massachusett a much richer documentation than other extinct Native American languages, and members of the Wampanoag nation are attempting to revive the study of the language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massachusett_language (261 words)

	AllAboutOmaha.com - Copyright © 1996-2006 RSS. - Natives - Nations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Assiniboin language is a dialect of the Dakota language.
		The Cherokee language is a derivative of the Iroquoian language.
		The Kansa language is a dialect of the Dhegiha Siouan language.
	www.allaboutomaha.net /Omaha/Natives/NativeNations.htm (5406 words)

	White Dove's Native American Indian Site algonquian-languages
		The Algonquian linguistic family encompasses those languages spoken aboriginally and currently in regions stretching from the plains to the eastern seaboard, as far south as present-day North Carolina and as far north as the Canadian Subarctic.
		Algonquian languages, like English, also mark number (singular and plural) and person (first, second, and third), although Algonquian languages make an additional distinction between the first person plural in which the hearer or addressee is included (first person plural inclusive) and the one in which the hearer is not included (first person exclusive).
		Algonquian languages such as Cree and Ojibwa still serve the needs of large communities of speakers, and many of the surviving languages such as Maliseet-Passamaquoddy are now the subject of revitalization programs designed to bring the languages back into use among younger speakers.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/algonquian-languages.html (797 words)

	Massachuset
		Massachusetts Bay and the state of Massachusetts were named after the tribe.
		LANGUAGE extinct N American language: an extinct Native North American language formerly spoken in an area around Massachusetts Bay and belonging to the Algonquian branch of Algonquian-Wakashan languages.
		The Wampanoag and the Nauset were on Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket Island; the Massachuset had settlements along Massachusetts Bay; the Nipmuc were in central Massachusetts; the Pocomtuck lived in the northwest; the Pennacook were near the New Hampshire border; and the Mahican were in the Berkshire area.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/massachusett.htm (784 words)

	Algonquian (Algic) Language Family
		Linguists think that the Algonquian (Algic) languages originated from an ancestral language called Proto-Algonquian that was spoken between 3,000-2,000 years ago in the area between Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario.
		Today, the Algonquian language family includes a group of 27 languages spoken in a wide region stretching through the central part of the North American continent from the Canadian subarctic in the north to the eastern seaboard as far south as North Carolina.
		Most surviving languages are spoken by older adults who are not passing their language on to their children.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/october/Algonquian.html (707 words)

	Wampanoag Language and the Wampanoag Indian Tribe (Massachusett, Natick, Massasoit, Nantucket, Pokanoket)
		Language: Wampanoag--also known as Massachusett, Pokanoket or Natick--was an Algonkian language of New England.
		The language is no longer spoken in Wampanoag communities today, although some Wampanoag people are trying to revive it.
		As more British colonists arrived in Massachusetts, they began displacing the Wampanoags from their traditional lands, particularly by plying Wampanoag men with alcohol and obtaining their signatures on land sale documents while they were drunk.
	www.native-languages.org /wampanoag.htm (387 words)

	Dance & Music
		Languages in this family are or were widely spoken on the eastern seabord, northeast and upper midwest of the US, and in eastern Canada.
		Among the Algonquian languages are Cree, Ojibway, Micmac, Massachusetts, Delaware, Shawnee, Menominee, Potawatomi and Powhatan (the language of Pocohantas).
		Arapaho is one of a group of Algonquian languages spoken on the Great Plains, in an area separate from the main speech area.
	www.colorado.edu /csilw/arapahoproject/language/index.htm (240 words)

	Mohican Language and the Mohican Indian Nation (Wappinger, Mahican, Stockbridge Indians)
		Language: The two Algonkian languages Mahican and Mohegan are related and have similar-sounding names, but they are linguistically distinct from each other, like Spanish and Italian.
		A third language, Narragansett, may have been distinct or may have been a dialect of Mohegan or Massachusett.
		The language spoken by the Wappinger tribe is considered a Mohican dialect by many linguists, but it may have been more closely related to Lenape.
	www.native-languages.org /mohican.htm (422 words)

	Bringing Back Our Lost Language
		It was the language spoken by The Massasoit Ousa Mequin, and by Annawan, and all of the Indians that lived in this region.
		A language is the essence of one as a human being.
		In fact, the Massachusett language is perhaps the only language which has any chance of being revived since we know more about this language than any other in the region.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/waabu1.htm (1397 words)

	Delaware Indians \| Linda Mauser Copyright © 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The group is sometimes said to have included the extinct language of Newfoundland, although evidence is scarce and poorly recorded, and the claim is mainly based on geographic proximity.
		Etchimin and the pre-colonial language of theLumbees may also have been Algonquian languages, but in both cases documentary evidence is at best very weak.
		The Algonquian language family is renowned for its complex polysynthetic morphology and sophisticated system.
	www.delawareindians.com /algonquianwordsorigin.htm (753 words)

	American Indian Language Policy and School Success
		Native American Languages Act, Title I of Public Law 101-477.1 Congress found in this Act that "the status of the cultures and languages of Native Americans is unique and the United States has the responsibility to act together with Native Americans to ensure the survival of these unique cultures and languages" (102, 1).
		This debate of language use has implications for Indian education for both tribes that want to maintain their tribal languages and for tribes who want to restore languages that were suppressed in past years.
		The Native American Languages Act of 1990 is the American Indian's answer to the English-only movement, and the Act's bilingual/multicultural educational approach is supported by the dismal historical record of assimilationist approaches to Indian education in the United States.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/BOISE.html (7379 words)

	Category:Indigenous languages of the North Am... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Please browse the existing categories to check if the category is covered under another name.
		Start the Category:Indigenous languages of the North Am...
		Promotional articles about yourself, your friends, your company or products; or articles written as part of a marketing or promotional campaign, may be deleted in accordance with our deletion policies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Indigenous_languages_of_the_North_Am... (196 words)

	New England Algonquian Language Revival
		These Indian languages, and their dialects, were once spoken principally in the States of Rhode Island and Massachusetts.
		Comparative linguistic data are selected from the Pequot language, Ojibway, Abenaki or Wampano for purposes of comparison, or when existing terms for biological species were not recorded by the missionaries documenting the Natick- Massachusett or Narragansett languages.
		No extinct American Indian language has ever been brought back to life, as was the case with the Hebrew language in Israel.
	www.geocities.com /bigorrin/waabu.htm (959 words)

	Wampanoag
		North American tribe of the Algonquian-Ritwan language family and of the Eastern Woodlands culture area.
		He learned their language and dealt fairly and honestly with them, insisting that settlers must compensate the native people rather than seize their lands.
		Massachusetts divided the tribal lands in 1842 and ended tribal status in 1870, but the Wampanoag reorganized as the Wampanoag Nation in 1928.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/nativeamericans/wampanoag.htm (2266 words)

	languagehat.com: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.
		I'm pretty sure that there were no written languages among US Natives until the 1800's, when the Cherokees devised a writing system for their language.
		The Inuit languages are very obviously related to each other and to the languages of northeastern Siberia - they form a continuum just like the German dialects, from east Greenland to where the Yupik languages start in western Alaska.
		Ross and his company Tiro are big advocates of international language support and he also recently drew and developed an official font (Pigiarniq) for the Government of Nunavut which is available athttp://www.gov.nu.ca/font.htm.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000739.php (1393 words)

	UMass Magazine Online
		Of these languages, only 46 were still spoken by children — a drastic situation because the future of any language depends upon whether children, who are the future, speak and use it easily in everyday life.
		The Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony explicitly states that the principal aim of the colony was to “incite” native peoples to accept and to practice Christianity.
		Though the language and its dialect forms are virtually extinct, Emeritus Professor Roger Higgins is studying the morphology, syntax and lexicography of Massachusett.
	www.umassmag.com /Summer_2003/At_risk_Native_Talk_510.html (2308 words)

	Harvard University Encyclopedia Article @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		Founded on September 8, 1636 by a vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.
		Harvard has a friendly rivalry with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology which dates back to 1900, when a merger of the two schools was frequently mooted and at one point officially agreed upon (ultimately canceled by Massachusetts courts).
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Harvard_University (6224 words)

	AISRI at Indiana University
		An example is his work with the Walbiri and Lardil peoples of Australia, who have devised auxiliary languages that reflect subtle analyses of the semantic structure of their everyday languages, rivaling any research on lexical semantics in the Western tradition.
		Finally, a fundamental part of my study of endangered languages and North American culture history is the recording, editing, and translating of native language texts, both those recorded from contemporary raconteurs and those in documentary collections of stories compiled earlier in the century.
		I am interested in how language serves as a medium through which people talk about the impact of economic development and globalization on their lives and how it becomes valued as a symbolic resource that social actors struggle to control and pass on to future generations.
	www.indiana.edu /~aisri/the_institute/personnel.shtml (4982 words)

	Harvard University - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Harvard was founded on September 8, 1636, by a vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
		There is a thirteenth House, Dudley House [2], which is nonresidential but fulfills, for some graduate students and off-campus undergraduates (including members of the Dudley Co-op) the same administrative and social functions as the residential Houses do for undergraduates who live on campus.
		Radcliffe Yard, the center of the campus of the former Radcliffe College (and now Radcliffe Institute), is west of Harvard Yard, adjacent to the Graduate School of Education.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Harvard_University (4640 words)

	Language Log: November 2004 Archives
		Besides showing us indirectly what our mystery language is, it also tells us the name of the female singer, Люба Готовцева (Ljuba Gotovceva, using the UN romanization [1]), and the title of the songs in the first and third clips, Миэхэ эн мэлдьитин (Miexe en meld'itin, using ad hoc romanization) and Дьоро киэһэ (D'oro kiehe).
		These linked ideas about language use being a matter of having appropriate words to name things, and seeing or experiencing being impossible without the words to act as mediators, add up to a claim about language that is just palpably insane.
		But I tell you, this continual harping on the "no word for it in their language" meme strikes me as one of the two most irrational features of everyday attitudes to language (the other, of course, being willingness to believe in rules of English grammar that simply never existed).
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/2004_11.html (16426 words)

	LSA: About LSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The complexities of the language are unraveled with a clarity and insight that allow the reader to share in what the author describes as 'the intellectual pleasure of working out such a magnificent system'.
		Marianne Mithun's The languages of Native North America is a reference work of permanent value, documenting the results of a century of work on the indigenous languages of North America (a topic which, we note, was an important concern for the scholar after whom this award is named).
		As she has said recently, she maintains her active involvement in the media and her active general audience writing out of a sense of responsibility to represent the (socio)linguistic viewpoint to the public and to add the linguistic perspective to that of psychologists and other commentators on relationships and public life.
	www.lsadc.org /info/lsa-awards.cfm (3518 words)

	"Language Police Attack the Name, ''Squaw''" by Jim Sparkman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Goddard is an anthropological linguist at the Smithsonian Institution, a specialist in Native American languages.
		It was understood to be the Indian word, in the local Indian language, for woman, and it was always used that way for all the early historical period.''
		Goddard's research shows squaw came from the Massachusett language, where it can be found in a tribal Bible translation from the mid-1600s and in other Indian writings.
	www.chronwatch.com /content/contentDisplay.asp?aid=2602 (549 words)

	PRESERVATION OF THE INDIAN LANGUAGE
		Following the decimation of the Native American population in King Philips War in 1675, the Native population was so reduced and dispersed that their language was finally lost.
		The language of the Wampanoag people has not been spoken as a common language for about seven generations.
		Fortunately the entire Bible and a few other writings had been translated into the Massachusett language by John Eliot while it was still a vital language.
	www.rootsweb.com /~mosmd/preservationofindianlanguage.htm (1041 words)

	Amazon: Listmania! - View List "Early Massachusetts Variety Pack" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Native Writings in Massachusett (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Vol.
		Surviving inscriptions in the old Native American Algonquian language once spoken in eastern Massachusetts.
		A dictionary of the "Massachusett" Algonquian language, compiled from John Eliot's so-called "Indian Bible" of the 17th century.
	www.amazon.com /Early-Massachusetts-Variety-Pack/lm/VIQ3B4NRR429 (650 words)

	Native Americans - Wampanoag
		Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock.
		There are still a few Native Americans of Wampanoag descent, living mainly in Massachusetts.
		Native people of southeast New England working to preserve and revive the Massachusett language.
	www.nativeamericans.com /Wampanoag.htm (464 words)

	The Sociolinguistics of the 'S- Word': 'Squaw' in American Placenames My Two Beads Worth
		All linguists who have commented on the word ‘squaw’, including specialists on Indian languages and on the history of American vocabulary, agree that it is not from Mohawk, or any other Iroquoian language.
		Rather, the word was borrowed as early as 1624 from Massachusett, the language of Algonquians in the area we now call Massachusetts; in that language it meant simply ‘young woman’ (Cutler 1994, Goddard 1996, 1997).
		The Mohawk language, by contrast, belongs to an entirely different language family, the Iroquoian, and the Mohawk word for ‘female genitalia’ is /otsískwa?/ (pronounced approximately [ojískwa?]; [note glottal stop, 2x, not question mark] Marianne Mithun, p.c.)
	mytwobeadsworth.com /S-word106.html (3031 words)

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