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Topic: Massagetae

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529 BC

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	The Saka Nomenclature, A Persian appraisal - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)
		In conventional wisdom the Massagetae and Saka Haumavarga are depicted as neighbors and inhabiting an area beyond Jaxartes [present-day Uzbekistan], with the Massagetae occupying the area north of Haumavarga.
		The synonymy of Massagetae with Saka Haumavarga situates the latter on the eastern littoral of the Caspian Sea.
		The relocation of Saka Haumavarga (Amyrgian and Massagetae of Herodotus) to a region immediately east of the Caspian Sea is consistent with Darius' scheme of imperial administration.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Anthropology/Scythian/saka_nomenclature.htm (6099 words)

	iranian.com: Homavarka, Potheads of ancient Iran, Guive Mirfendereski
		For the Homavarka the importance of milk is established in connection with the preparation of hom, which according to one passage in the Avesta is mixed with milk.
		I believe the key to the meaning of “Massagetae” then ought to be in the possibility of it being a Greek rendition of Homavarka -- in which “homa” appears in the form of the first syllable “ma” and Saka is represented in “sagetae” or “saketae”.
		The relocation of Saka Homavarka (Amyrgian and Massagetae of Herodotus) to a region immediately east of the Caspian Sea is consistent with Darius the Great’s scheme of imperial administration.
	www.iranian.com /GuiveMirfendereski/2005/May/Potheads (2072 words)

	The Wargamer - Battle of Bagae - 328 BCE
		The Massagetae are represented by three units of 400 and one of 300 horse.
		The Massagetae had earned themselves a reputation by having killed Cyrus the Great in battle, back in the old days of the Persian empire.
		I have given Spitamenes command over all the Massagetae and the Bactria and Sogdia rebel unit, while the remaining units are assigned to Dataphernes.
	www.wargamer.com /articles/gb-articles/bagae_2.asp (841 words)

	Jatt World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At this time, brave Tomyris was queen of the Massagetae (her husband having died) and told the Persian Emperor, Cyrus the Great, during the days of his forthcoming attack on Massagetae, "I advise you to abandon this enterprise, for you cannot know if in the end it will do you any good-----.
		Herodotus [8] tells us that the Massagetae were the milk-drinkers (that is probably why even today the Jats in Punjab villages equate milk with "son" when they say "dud-put") and the Scythians relished "kumiss" made from the fermented mare's milk [18].
		Ammianus Marcellinus [17] wrote, "They (Alani or Massagetae) do not know the meaning of slavery, since all are born of noble blood, and moreover they choose as chiefs those men who are conspicuous for long experience as warriors".
	www.jattworld.com /portal/modules/mysections/article.php?lid=27 (3349 words)

	An Egyptian Princess — Volume 05 eBook
		Gobryas made a sign, and the tallest and eldest of the Massagetae came up close to the throne and began to speak loudly in his native tongue.
		He was accompanied by the man in a Persian dress, who, as one of Cyrus’ prisoners of war, had learnt the Persian language, and now interpreted one by one the sentences uttered by the spokesman of this wandering tribe.
		We were not dismayed at this, and Tomyris sent word that he might save himself this trouble, for that the Massagetae were willing either to await him quietly in their own land, leaving the passage of the river free, or to meet him in his.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/5454/12.html (553 words)

	Great Battles of the Persians :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		Bactrians, Massagetae, Assyrians, Paphlagonians, Cappadocians, Egyptians, Medes, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Indians, and Sycthians could all be found in armies that could number into the hundreds of thousands.
		The Massagetae try to distract the Persians with diplomacy as the invaders bridge a river marking the boundary of their territory.
		The Massagetae attack in force and Cyrus is killed along with a large part of his army in extremely fierce combat.
	www.wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=6579 (1608 words)

	Addendum to Prophecy Paper on Ezekiel 38-39 - at BibleStudy.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Queen of the Massagetae was named Tomyris, and the first three consonants of her name (T-M-R) are identical to the Hebrew name, Tamar (T-M-R), which appears several times in the Bible and twice as the names of royal daughters in King David’s lineage.
		Tomyris, in behalf of the Massagetae, expressed a “live and let live” attitude, urging the Persians to return to their land and avoid bloodshed.
		But also like the Massagetae, they can be fierce when provoked by invasions or attacks which threaten their homeland as well as their freedom and independence.
	www.biblestudy.org /prophecy/prophecy-addendum.html (3963 words)

	Fictionwise eBooks: She Captains: Heroines and Hellions of the Sea by Joan Druett
		The Massagetae, a mighty tribe of watermen and warriors, were under siege by Persian forces led by Cyrus the Great, a tyrant whose ambition to control the whole of Asia from the Hindu Kush to the Mediterranean was almost fulfilled.
		The Massagetae warriors fell for the trick, eating and drinking so heavily that they became stupefied, and easy victims for the Persians, who stealthily returned in the night.
		Furious at this treachery, Tomyris sent Cyrus a message in which she vowed "by the sun, the lord of the Massagetae, that for all you are so insatiate of blood, I will give you your fill thereof." And she was as good as her word.
	www.fictionwise.com /ebooks/eBook4992.htm (765 words)

	Massagetae - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MASSAGETAE, an ancient warlike people described by Herodotus (i.
		Their lavish use of gold has caused certain massive ornaments from southern Siberia, now in the Hermitage at St Petersburg, to be referred to the Massagetae.
		This page was last modified 01:44, 29 Aug 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Massagetae (180 words)

	Mauryan Origins
		Mauryan coins have the symbol of the sun, a branch, a humped bull and mountain (Dehiya, p.155).
		MassaGetae (an old-Iranian culture of Central Asia) along the Black sea in the 5th century BC, "the
		Saka kings swore by the sun god and refused to surrender earth and water".
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/maurya.html (456 words)

	Herodotus: Book One
		Tomyris, queen of the Massagetae, suggests that Cyrus cease trying to bridge the Araxes under duress, and that the two sides meet in a fair fight on either side of the river (205-6).
		The plan of Croesus succeeds; the Massagetae are defeated, and Tomyris' son is captured (211).
		A huge battle of the Persians and the Massagetae; Cyrus is defeated and killed.
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/Hum110/Hdt/Hdt1.html (2790 words)

	Massagetae * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		Massagetae * People, Places, and Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		When the seasoned army of Kyrus the Great attacked the Massagetae armies of queen Tomyris, they were utterly defeated and Kyrus was killed.
		Cut and paste the following text for use in a paper or electronic document report.
	www.messagenet.com /myths/ppt/Massagetae_1.html (236 words)

	Uzbek National Music --- Sairam Tourism
		According to historical sources, the hymns of the holy Zoroastrian book Avesta, composed 2500 years ago in Khorezm, were performed in a drawlingly chanting way.
		The plot of the dastan "Oysulu" is about the events of the 6th century B.C., those of the fight of Tomyris - the queen of the Massagetae with the Persian king Cyrus.
		The ancient dastans "Shirin and Shakar", "Takhir and Zukhra", "Farkhad and Shirin" are based on the legends of the Sogdians and the Scythians (Saka) who in the distant past lived in Chach (Tashkent).
	www.sairamtour.com /uzbekistan/uzbek_national_music.html (1908 words)

	[No title]
		Herodotus thought it was the Massagetae, a tribe residing east of the Caspian.
		Those in the camp were overwhelmed by the Massagetae attack.
		When the Massagetae plundered the camp following their victory, they found a quantity of wine, became drunk, and fell asleep.
	www.periclespress.com /Persia_Darius.html (21048 words)

	India Culture Disucssion chat forums
		We know that during Herodotus’s time he records the Massagetae, and they were akin to Scythians.
		McGovern classifies the Massagetae as one component of the Sarmatian people — the late Sarmatian or Alans, were the Massagetae.
		The Massagetae kept their identity intact, Sarmatian is simply a comprehensive term.
	indiaculture.net /talk/messages/128/10087.html?1056421489 (2591 words)

	1World2travel - [Dutch] Massagetae (Getae, Saka) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		De Massagetae (ook Getae of genoemd) waren een volk dat uit het huidige Iran afkomstig is. De Perzen noemde hen Saka tigrakhauda, de Grieken dachten dat ze Scythen waren.
		Volgens Herodotos sneuvelde de grote Perzische aanvoerder Cyrus in een slag tegen de Massagetae bij de rivier Araxes.
		De Massagetae werd toen aangevoerd door een koningin, Tomyris.
	www.1world2travel.com /article.php?articleID=2291 (317 words)

	EPHRAIM AND MANASSEH IN THE MODERN WORLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tribe of Manasseh came to be one of the dominant tribes of the Scythians, and the Greeks called them the Massagetae.
		These Massagetae were located in the Caspian Sea region, and they were, I believe, the descendants of the half-tribe of Manasseh taken captive by the Assyrians in approximately 741 BC when Gilead's tribes were taken by the Assyrians.
		These Massagetae were attacked by Cyrus the Great and the Persian Empire in the 6th century BC in an apparent attempt to bring them under a new Persian captivity.
	www.israelite.info /Christian_Authors/EphraimManassehModernWorld.htm (2273 words)

	Book I
		Cyrus met his end when he began a war with the Massagetae, a people who inhabited what is now part of south central Russia.
		When it was certain that a conflict was near, Tomyris proposed that the armies should be allowed to meet either in her territory or within the limits of the Empire.
		The Massagetae, the people who had defeated Cyrus, also had a noteworthy custom: when a man became quite old, all his relatives gathered in order that they might kill him ceremoniously and eat his flesh.
	www.columbia.edu /~kdc2101/ebz5/lithum/asemester/Herodotus.html (5024 words)

	Cyrus (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		One-third of their army was defeated, and the son of Tomyris, the queen, captured by a stratagem; but on being freed from his bonds, he committed suicide.
		The accounts which have come down to us seem to make it certain that he was killed in battle with some enemy, but the statements concerning his end are conflicting.
		This absence of any account of his death from a trustworthy source implies that Herodotus is right in indicating a terrible disaster to the Persian arms, and it is therefore probable that he fell on the field of battle--perhaps in conflict with the Massagetae, as Herodotus states.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/2485 (3007 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 214
		Now hearken what I advise, and be sure I advise you for your own good.
		Restore my son to me and go from the land unharmed, triumphant over a third part of the host of the Massagetae.
		Refuse, and I swear by the sun, the sovereign lord of the Massagetae, bloodthirsty as you are, I will give you your fill of blood."
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_214.htm (171 words)

	Were-the-Massagetae-Massagoths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Herodotus described Getae in the Balkans and Massagetae beyond the Araxes.
		There are some who belived that a large group moved northward to southern
		The Massagetae lived to the east of the Caspian sea.
	archaeology.pro1web.com /Were-the-Massagetae-Massagoths-531997.html (800 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 203
		When Cyrus had achieved the conquest of the Babylonians, he conceived the desire of bringing the Massagetae under his dominion.
		Now the Massagetae are said to be a great and warlike nation, dwelling eastward, toward the rising of the sun, beyond the river Araxes, and opposite the Issedonians.
		By many they are regarded as a Scythian race.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_203.htm (83 words)

	Punjabi.net discussions chat forums
		Hi folks, the Massagetae were documented at the beginning of Western documented history, by the father of history Herotodus!
		Herotodus wrote (approx 450 B.C.) regarding the Persian and Massagetae battles in 529 B.C., “they (Massagetae) are reputed to be a numerous and warlike people and some suppose them of Scythian nationality” and “In their dress and way of living the Massagetae are like the Scythians.”
		Marshall wrote, “these invaders (Scythians); came principally for the three great tribes of the Massagetae (great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (Dahiya), whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia).”
	punjabi.net /talk/messages/1/71338.html?1120907134 (4868 words)

	Hexapedia - Massagetae (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Occupations The Massagetae lived on their herds and fishing, milk being their chief drink.
		Religion The Massagetae worshiped only one god, the sun, and sacrificed a horse in its honour.
		Army They fought both on horseback and on foot, neither method being strange to them: they used bows and lances, but their favourite weapon was the battle-axe.
	www.hexafind.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Massagetae (235 words)

	Q & A - Women in World History Curriculum (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In spite of limits on their access to public political power, throughout time women have been active political agents.
		In doing an indepth study of the persian emperor Cyrus the Great, I read that he was killed in a battle on one of the wild frontiers of his empire by a warrior queen of a tribe called the Massagetae.
		Who was she, how did she come into power and how did she end up killing Cyrus and keeping her people from Persian tyranny or from annihilation?
	www.womeninworldhistory.com.cob-web.org:8888 /current.html (8737 words)

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