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Topic: Masseter

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		Masseter Medialis.--In Rattus norvegicus the medial masseter originates on the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and onto the rostrum via the infraorbital foramen; it inserts onto the masseteric fossa.
		Masseter Superficialis.--In Rattus norvegicus the masseter superficialis originates on the pit on the rostrum; it inserts on the angle of the jaw.
		In Cavia porcellus the masseter superficialis originates on the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch and it inserts on the angle of the jaw.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/paleontology/pub/grd2/gsa04.htm (2663 words)

	Masseter muscle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of (Biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to swallow) mastication.
		It originates from the (The slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone) zygomatic arch and inserts into the (The lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth) mandible.
		It is innervated by the mandibular branch of the (The main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication) trigeminal nerve (V3).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/masseter_muscle.htm (127 words)

	A short latency vestibulomasseteric reflex evoked by electrical stimulation over the mastoid in healthy humans -- Deriu ...
		The amplitude of the response was measured in the masseter ipsilateral to a unilateral cathodal stimulus.
		The masseter response to EVS could be generated on the ipsilateral masseter muscle by an uncrossed pathway; the same response is generated on the contralateral muscle by a crossed pathway.
		Cathode-induced masseter responses were bilateral and of the same polarity (positive-negative) on each side, while cathodal vestibulocollic responses were positive-negative in the ipsilateral SCM and negative-positive in the contralateral SCM.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/553/1/267 (7634 words)

	Muscles of Mastication: Form dictates function
		As the masseter elevates the mandible (2), it seats the condyle superiorly and anteriorly.
		Masseters are the strongest muscles of mastication in herbivores (A) (3).
		Unlike the masseter, whose attachment allows for a broad application, the temporalis' focused attachment (form) allows for a focused function: to close the jaw until the teeth come into contact.
	www.nti-tss.com /slide1.htm (586 words)

	Seattle TMJ or Tempromandibular Joint Syndrome Information
		The variation of the masseter and anterior temporalis postural EMG activity during vigilance and after hypnosis was studied and referenced to vertical dimension.
		The author concluded that as the temporal and masseter muscles reached maximal activity both sides were synchronized, the temporal muscles displayed electrical activity before the masseter muscles, there was greater harmony and smoothness of action-potential discharge on the side preferred for mastication.
		This study compared the mean EMG amplitude of the temporalis and masseter muscles during maximal bite in the intercuspal position in 39 patients with functional disorders of the chewing apparatus and 45 control subjects.
	www.tmj-tmd.com /articles.htm (10035 words)

	Adverse changes in fibre type composition of the human masseter versus biceps brachii muscle during aging. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The fibre composition of functionally different regions, the superficial and the deep portions, of the human masseter and the biceps brachii muscles of six elderly subjects (mean age 74 years) was studied by morphological and enzyme-histochemical methods.
		When compared with previous findings in young adult masseter, it can be concluded that the human masseter muscle differs from limb muscles both in fibre composition and in structural response of the muscle during aging.
		These differences between the masseter and the biceps brachii muscle suggest muscle specific alterations during aging probably due to differences in genetical control, functional performance and nerve and hormonal influences.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_9543320.html (255 words)

	Development of sex differences in the rabbit masseter muscle is not restricted to a critical period -- English and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Images were obtained from cryostat sections from a biopsy of the masseter muscle of a male rabbit 6 mo after castration and 2 mo after the onset of testosterone treatment.
		In two rabbits, masseter muscles were examined as long as 7 mo after the brief (3 wk) exposure to testosterone.
		Images were obtained from histological sections of biopsies of the masseter muscles of a single male rabbit, which had been castrated at 2 mo of age and given testosterone for 3 wk beginning 4 mo later.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/3/1214 (4821 words)

	Sexually dimorphic expression of myosin heavy chains in the adult mouse masseter -- Eason et al. 89 (1): 251 -- Journal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		monospecificity of antibodies SC-71 and BF-F3 to the mouse masseter.
		The first lane shows the soleus, the second lane is the diaphragm, the third lane is the tibialis anterior, and the fourth lane is the masseter.
		in MHC composition of the masseter are unknown at this
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/251 (5177 words)

	Chapter 17: The Mammalian Masticatory Apparatus: An Introductory Comparative Exercise
		The masseter is the largest and most complex of the masticatory muscles of the rabbit and may be divided into two main components and a number of subdivisions of these (see Table 17.1).
		The lateral-most head of the superficial masseter is a complexly subdivided unit that originates from the anterior end of the zygomatic arch.
		Lying deep to part 1A of the superficial masseter, and originating from a pocket in the lateral face of the zygomatic arch lying immediately posterior to the plate-like flange, is part 1B of this muscle mass.
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /able/volumes/vol-19/17-russell/17-russell.htm (4563 words)

	Development of the masseter muscle and oral behavior in the pig. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During mastication the adult pig masseter contracts with a complex pattern involving a wave of electromyographic (EMG) activity moving from the ventro-rostral corner to the dorso-caudal corner.
		EMG activity from different parts of the masseter was recorded along with oral movements in infant and juvenile pigs as they suckled, drank, and chewed on food and non-food objects.
		Fetal masseters were oriented generally more horizontally than the masseters of older animals, except that the dorso-caudal corner, usually the most horizontal portion, is not developed in fetuses.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_3950565.html (250 words)

	Article : M — Mode Echomyography — A New Technique For The Functional Assessment Of Striated Muscles ; Author : PC ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Various authors have studied the masseter muscles for their volume by C.T., M.R.I and 3-D Ultrasonography for the assessment of facial morphology and concluded that 3-D Ultrasonography provides adequate information comparable to C.T and M.R imaging of masseters (Ref 1 and 2).
		By utilizing 2-D Ultrasonographic study of masseters, we were able to obtain details about the length, width and thickness of masseter muscle and calculate its volume.
		For this purpose it is necessary to study the masseter during alternately contracting and relaxing the muscle by alternately clenching the teeth and relaxing.
	ijri.org /articles/archives/2002-12-4/musculoskeletal_537.htm (1810 words)

	Untitled Document
		MASSETER: muscle that aids with the horizontal movement of the jaw.
		HYSTRICOMORPHOUS: medial masseter is enlarged and its origin is shifted anteriorly to the side of the rostrum anterior to the z-arch.
		MYOMORPHOUS: combo of sciuromorph and hystricomorph where the lateral masseter originates on the anterior edge of the z-arch and the medial masseter passes through a small to moderate infraorbital foramen (often keyhole- shaped) originating anterior to the z-arch.
	www.msu.edu /user/mcelhinn/zoology/words/lab8words.htm (257 words)

	Baruch Undergrad. Honors [1989]: Sheets, B.S. Cranial Anatomy of Jaculus orientalis...
		In the earliest and most primitive rodents, the protrogomorphs, the origin of the masseter was limited to the ventral part of the zygomatic arch and the muscle inserted on the mandible at the masseteric fossa.
		In the sciuromorphs the lateral layer of the masseter extends rostrally alongside the zygoma and compresses the infraorbital canal.
		In dipodoids the lateral masseter remains restricted to the ventral part of the zygomatic arch as in protrogomorphs; it does not extend anteriorly as in muroids.
	newman.baruch.cuny.edu /digital/2000/honors/sheets_1989/sheets_1989.htm (4230 words)

	Masseter Muscle of the Face (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Masseter is one of the most powerful muscles for its size in the body.
		It originates in the lateral part of the cheek bone (zygomatic arch) and inserts in the angle of the mandible.
		Masseter is innervated by the masseteric nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) and is supplied with blood by the superficial temporal, maxillary, and facial arteries.
	face-and-emotion.com /dataface/expression/masseter.html (115 words)

	[No title]
		Quadrant analyses (Figure 3) of the mandibular angles of middle of M1 in both genera; deep masseter, on the zygomatic arch with muscle fibers perpendicular to the central axis of the arch; temporalis, the distal end of the temporal fossa, anterior edge of the occipital ridge.
		The proportions of the superficial and deep masseter and zygomaticomandibularis in the total masseter group mass were estimated using known percentages for modern ungulates exhibiting similarly oriented zygomatic arches and similarly shaped mandibular angles (Turnbull, 1970).
		A more anteriorly inclined masseter translates into a greater anterior movement of the lower jaw during the initial phase of the chew cycle, allowing for increased shear as the teeth move into centric occlusion and is beneficial for the comminution of tough browse.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /geology/paleontology/pub/grd3_3/bad5.htm (3539 words)

	Sex-Related Differences in Human Pain and Rat Afferent Discharge Evoked by Injection of Glutamate Into the Masseter ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		masseter muscle afferents was significantly greater in female than in male rats.
		Neither men nor women appeared to be able to discriminate between masseter muscle injection of 0.5 M and 1.0 M glutamate.
		Arvidsson J, and Raappana P. An HRP study of the central projections from primary sensory neurons innervating the rat masseter muscle.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/86/2/782 (7125 words)

	Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson: Doktorsavhandling från Karolinska Institutet
		In the patients with fibromyalgia a reduction of masseter muscle level of PGE2 was associated with a decrease of spontaneous pain, while the masseter muscle level of LTB4 increased in both patient groups after the intramuscular glucocorticoid administration.
		In an experimental microdialysis study the intramuscular levels of NPY and its relation to development of pain was determined during rest and during repetitive isometric contraction of the superficial masseter and trapezius muscles in healthy females.
		The NPY level in the masseter muscle at rest was higher than the corresponding levels of the trapezius muscle and plasma.
	diss.kib.ki.se /2001/91-7349-038-5 (677 words)

	The Straight Dope Mailbag: The Straight Dope Mailbag: What is the strongest human muscle?
		The strongest muscle in the body is the masseter, the muscle you use to bite with.
		Specifically, the masseter is the muscle that can generate the largest externally measurable force attributable to the action of a single muscle.
		The rule of thumb is that the power of a striated human muscle is highly correlated with the effective cross-sectional area (i.e., the number of fibers); the length of the muscle is meaningless.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mmuscle.html (504 words)

	Applied Motor Control <> Jaw Relationships <>
		The motor center accomplishes compensation with the masseter using the same fascial band that the scalenes use.
		You are testing the left humerus flexors, and the patient sets their jaw, or you palpated the left masseter earlier and found pronounced tension.
		In this case it is the masseter on the same side.
	www.appliedmotorcontrol.com /11.htm (1139 words)

	masseter
		Adverse changes in fibre type composition of the human masseter versus biceps brachii muscle during aging.
		Development of the masseter muscle and oral behavior in the pig.
		Age, fatigue, and excitation-contraction coupling in masseter muscles of rats.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/444.html (82 words)

	Spatial Distribution of Myosin Heavy-chain Isoforms in Mouse Masseter -- Widmer et al. 81 (1): 33 -- Journal of Dental ...
		Note that immunostained fibers for IIa are localized mainly to the anterior and deep regions of the masseter, and that different size populations of fibers can be identified.
		Representative maps of regions within transverse sections of the female (A and C) and male (B and D) masseter that contained muscle fibers expressing type IIa (A and B) or IIb (C and D) MyHC were generated by the segmentation of immunostained fibers.
		Anatomical partitioning and nerve branching patterns in the adult rabbit masseter.
	jdr.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/1/33 (3751 words)

	Spot No. 7: Masseter, for jaw clenchers and teeth grinders
		Your masseter muscle is your primary chewing muscle, and covers the sides of the jaw just behind the cheeks.
		Ounce for ounce, masseter may be the strongest muscle in the human body, although many variables make this is difficult to measure.
		Of course, masseter is also implicated in bruxism (grinding and cracking of molars), and in temporomandibular joint syndrome (slow, painful failure of the jaw joint).
	vancouvermassage.ca /articles/spot-07.php (457 words)

	Myosin Heavy Chains IIa and IId Are Functionally Distinct in the Mouse -- Sartorius et al. 141 (4): 943 -- The Journal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MyHC-IIb expression was undetectable in the masseter of IId null
		Cross sections of masseter muscle from wild-type (a and c) or MyHC-IId null (b and d) mice (8-wk-old males) were immunohistochemically stained with anti-MyHC-IIa (a and b) or anti-MyHC-IIb (c and d) antibodies.
		Masseter sections from wild-type (e) and MyHC-IId null (f) mice were ATPase stained at pH 10.3 (e and f).
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/141/4/943 (7303 words)

	Activation of Peripheral NMDA Receptors Contributes to Human Pain and Rat Afferent Discharges Evoked by Injection of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Note that afferent discharges evoked by injection of 5, 50, or 500 mM NMDA into the masseter muscle were not significantly different from that evoked by 500 mM glutamate.
		The effect of ketamine on glutamate- and hypertonic-saline-evoked masseter muscle pain in 14 male subjects.
		Cairns BE, Wang K, Hu JW, Sessle BJ, Arendt-Nielsen L, and Svensson P. The effect of glutamate-evoked masseter muscle pain on the human jaw-stretch reflex differs in men and women.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/4/2098 (5129 words)

	The Effect of Topical Theraflex^® in the Treatment of Masseter Muscle and the Temporomandibular Joint Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Objective: This double blind study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the topical cream, Theraflex in patients with masseter muscle and TMJ pain.
		Masseter muscle pain and TMJ pain were measured with a 10-point Numerical Graphic Rating Scale.
		There was evidence of minor side effects such as skin irritation (rash) and/or burning on the site of the application in four subjects (2 in experimental group and 2 in the placebo).
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2003SanAnton/techprogram/abstract_24989.htm (364 words)

	Hyperekplexia and stiff-man syndrome: abnormal brainstem reflexes suggest a physiological relationship -- Khasani et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In A, voluntary pre-innervation of the TRA and SCM during elicitation of the masseter reflex allows identification of the inhibitory reflex components in these muscles.
		masseter post reflex silent period was incomplete in one patient.
		The monosynaptic masseter reflex was exaggerated in one patient
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/75/9/1265 (2768 words)

	Exam 2 Answer Key, 2000
		The masseter muscle ran from the lower jaw to the underside of the zygomatic arch only, leaving the first cheek teeth uncovered.
		In addition, there may be flanges (projections) from the forward edge of the zygomatic arch to which portions of the masseter muscle attach.
		In hystricomorphs, there is a very large hole in the front of the zygomatic arch through which a large portion of the masseter muscle passes before attaching to the rostrum.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci338m/tests/KeyNo2.html (931 words)

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