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	MASSINISSA (c. 238—149... - Online Information article about MASSINISSA (c. 238—149...
		Massinissa, according to the story, married Sophonisba immediately after his victory, but was required by Scipio to dismiss her as a Carthaginian, and consequently an enemy to Rome.
		settlement was arrived at, and thus the relations between Massinissa and the Carthaginians continued strained.
		Massinissa was an able ruler and a decided benefactor to Numidia.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAR_MEC/MASSINISSA_c_238149_BC_.html (948 words)

	MASSINISSA - LoveToKnow Article on MASSINISSA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was to this that Massinissa owed his fame and success; he was a barbarian at heart, but he had a varnish of culture, and to this he added the craft and cunning in which Carthaginian statesmen were supposed to excel.
		Massinissa, according to the story, married Sophonisba immediately after his victory, but was required by Scipio to dismiss her as a Carthaginian, and consequently an enemy to Rome.
		Massinissa was now accepted as a loyal ally of Rome, and was confirmed by Scipio in the possession of his kingdom.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MASSINISSA.htm (643 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Punic Wars
		Massinissa accepted her explanations gladly and married her, but when he returned to Scipio he left her at Cirta, foreseeing what would happen.
		Accordingly Massinissa went with a Roman detachment to fetch Sophoniba, but he went ahead secretly and gave her a dose of poison, explaining the circumstances and telling her that she must either drink it or go into voluntary captivity to the Romans.
		Massinissa showed her dead body to the Romans who had now come up, then gave her a royal funeral; after which he returned to Scipio.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_punic_06.html (1202 words)

	Massinissa - Wikipedia
		An den Kämpfen der Karthager teilnehmend, griff er den auf römischer Seite stehenden Syphax, den mächtigen König der Massäsylier oder westlichen Numider, in Gemeinschaft mit einem karthagischen Heer unter Hasdrubal an und zwang ihn zum Frieden mit Karthago.
		Massinissa leistete indes den Römern in den Kämpfen wichtige Dienste; namentlich trug er bei dem Überfall, durch welchen 203 v.
		Massinissa, der den Karthagern von den Römern als Aufpasser an die Seite gesetzt war, nahm den Unterlegenen im Vertrauen auf seine Schutzherren permanent Stück um Stück ihres Gebiets ab.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massinissa (733 words)

	Massinissa - Wikipédia
		Sous Massinissa, plusieurs des tribus semi-nomades devinrent des fermiers ruraux.
		Tout au long de sa vie Massinissa agrandit son territoire, et il ne coopéra avec Rome que vers la fin de sa vie où il provoqua Carthage pour aller faire la guerre contre lui.
		L'histoire retiendra que Massinissa fut le chef bérbère qui donna à Rome l'occasion de débarquer et de s'installer durablement en Afrique en lui cedant sans contre partie (autre que sa propre soif de pouvoir) les territoirs de Carthage.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massinissa (334 words)

	Massinissa
		Massinissa was the son of king Gala (or Gaïa) of the Massylians, and was educated in Carthage - a kind way to say that he was in fact a hostage.
		Massinissa was still able to assist a first Roman expedition to Africa, commanded by Scipio's deputy Laelius -together they looted the camp of Syphax- but in the end, Massinissa lost his position, and when Scipio finally made his appearance in Africa in 203, the Numidian could offer only 200 cavalry.
		In the company of Scipio and his relatives, Massinissa also met the Greek historian Polybius of Megalopolis, who seems to have liked the Numidian king and describes him as a cultivated man, whose mission it was to civilize his country.
	www.livius.org /man-md/massinissa/massinissa.html (926 words)

	Sophonisba, the Passionate Pomegranate Flower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sophonisba is represented as a foreign temptress from the moment she first appears on screen with her pet leopard.
		Massinissa even goes so far as to betray Rome on her behalf, an action which is punishable by death for both of them as they take their own lives.
		However, she is also led to punish herself with death for her seemingly despicable action of luring Massinissa to betray Rome.
	comp.uark.edu /~twarner/foreign_cabiria.htm (332 words)

	MASSINISSA : Le plus célèbre roi amazigh de l'Antiquité, unificateur de la Numidie
		Massinissa, réfugié dans les montagnes, avec une poignée de fidèles, connut une vie de proscrit.
		Massinissa se relève et, à pied, s'élance vers Hannibal, à travers une grêle de traits, qu'il reçoit sur son bouclier en peau d'éléphant.
		Massinissa qui était un rude guerrier, encouragera la littérature et les arts, envoya ses enfants étudier en Grèce et reçut à sa cour de nombreux écrivains et artistes étrangers.
	www.amazighworld.org /history/personalities/massinissa.php (1667 words)

	Tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Carthage was permitted to maintain a property of the Phoenician dependencies, including the Tripolitanian Emporia but she was ordered to hand over the Massinissa, whom the Roman had recognised as King of an independent Numidia (roughly corresponding to modern Algeria), all the cities and territory held by him or his forefathers'.
		The phrase was purposely vague in order to confuse the state of affairs of King Massinissa and Carthage; meanwhile Carthage's hands were bound by a clause forbidding her to make war without Rome's approval.
		After fifty year of hard task, Massinissa was able to unite the ancient Libyan Kingdome which stretched from Morocco to Cyrenaica, having Carthage as Capital, on the whole account of Rome effort for administrative purposes, all three Tripolitanian cities were evacated to the rank of Roman colonies.
	www.libyaninvestment.com /travel/tripoli.php (1018 words)

	Massinissa - Wikipedia
		Dit was allemaal in het belang van de Romeinen, aangezien zij Carthago meer problemen met haar buurlanden wilden geven.
		Gedurende zijn leven breidde Massinissa zijn grondgebied uit.
		Na de dood van Massinissa werd Numidia verdeeld in verschillende koninkrijken.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massinissa (176 words)

	Marcus Garvey - Massinissa - Great People of Color
		Massinissa, son of Gala, king of Massylia, a petty kingdom in southern Numidia, Africa.
		At the age of seventeen Massinissa was so greatly in love with Sophonisba that he felt he must do something to impress her and the world.
		The latter, indignant at the thought that his daughter was being forced by the state to marry, found himself having to choose between the national welfare and his private feelings.
	www.marcusgarvey.com /wmview.php?ArtID=462 (789 words)

	GPL Replay Analyser Export
		Massinissa Dalla Costa is in position 10 at the end of the lap.
		Massinissa Dalla Costa is in position 9 at the end of the lap.
		Lap 8: vincenzo giagheddu overtakes Massinissa Dalla Costa.
	gplitaliaf2.drivingitalia.net /T7_brands/LapByLap.html (864 words)

	Roman Imprints
		Massinissa, after presenting to the view of the inhabitants their king bound in chains, was able to persuade them to admit him to the city.
		Massinissa placed troops to guard the gates that no one might escape, and himself galloped off to seize the palace.
		To save her from such humiliation, in fulfillment of his promise, he called a servant and sent unto his bride of but a few brief days, a chalice of poison along with a farewell message from his master.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/allah-6.shtml (2477 words)

	Scipio Africanus
		After winning over a number of Hispanian chiefs Scipio achieved a decisive victory in 206 BC over the full Carthaginian levy at Ilipa (now the city of Alcalá del Río, near Hispalis, now called Seville), which resulted in the evacuation of Hispania by the Punic commanders.
		After his rapid success in conquering Spain, and with the idea of striking a blow at Carthage in Africa, Scipio paid a short visit to the Numidian princes Syphax and Massinissa.
		Syphax later changed his mind, marrying the beautiful Carthaginian noblewoman Sophonisba, daughter of Hasdrubal the son of Gisco, and fighting alongside his Carthaginian in-laws against Massinissa and Scipio in Africa.
	www.webspawner.com /users/dori1992 (1784 words)

	Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236-184) : Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		His Numidian allies, Syphax and Massinissa, had gone to war against each other in the succession struggles after the death of Gala, King of the Maesulii Numidians, and Massinissa's father (Syphax was the King of the Masaesulii tribe).
		Scipio, true to his nature, scolded Massinissa for the fatal results of his hasty acts, but at the same time praised both him and Laelius for their achievements in completing the defeat of Syphax.
		But suddenly Massinissa and Laelius returned from their pursuits and fell on the rear of the Carthaginian formation, and it was all over.
	www.fenrir.dk /history/bios/scipio/africa.php (4087 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Despite labouring under great difficulties - requests for documents were met with "veiled rejection" and witnesses were too frightened to give evidence except by telephone or through intermediaries - the committee confirmed what most people had suspected all along: that much of the blame lay with the paramilitary police.
		The report published yesterday found that Massinissa's death could not have been caused by a single twitch on the trigger of a gun, because of the number of bullets used.
		Two famous Berber kings - Massinissa and Jugurtha - ruled part of north Africa in classical times, and between the 11th and 13th centuries two great Berber dynasties - the Almoravids and the Almohads - controlled large parts of Spain as well as north-west Africa.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4230700,00.html (1199 words)

	149-146. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The occasion was an attack by Carthage (150) on Rome's ally, Massinissa.
		The Romans organized a small area around Carthage as the province of Africa but left the rest to the sons of Massinissa (d.
		A pretended son of Perseus, Andriscus, provoked the war but was defeated by Q. Caecilius Metellus.
	www.bartleby.com /67/234.html (621 words)

	islam in Africa-Algeria history
		Phoenicians settled some of the coastal areas of Algeria from their north-African state of Carthage which was in modern day Tunisia.
		The first Algerian kingdom was established by the Berber chieftain Massinissa during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage which took place between the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.
		Massinissa reigned over his kingdom of Numidia from 202-148BC and his dynasty lasted until 106BC when his grandson Jugurtha became a Roman client.
	www.islaminafrica.org /algeria-h.htm (2480 words)

	The Jugurthine War by Gaius Crispus Sallust
		Thus favored, Massinissa ever remained our loyal and honorable friend, and at last his authority and his life came to a common conclusion.
		He passed much of his time in hunting, and was the first, or among the first, to wound the lion and other prey; yet, while thus prominent in action, he was the last to talk about himself.
		In Jugurtha you have a kinsman worthy alike of yourself and of his grandfather Massinissa." The king, on finding the reports he had heard thus confirmed by the general's letter, was impressed both by the merits of Jugurtha and the favor which he had won.
	www.uah.edu /student_life/organizations/SAL/texts/latin/classical/sallust/bellumiug1e.html (9919 words)

	Massinissa - netlexikon
		Als Syphax seinerseits ein Bündnis mit Karthago schloss, unterstützte Massinissa 204 v.
		Durch numidische Überfälle auf karthagische Gebiete provozierte Massinissa Karthago um 150 v.
		Dieser wurde von Rom zum Anlass für den 3.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Massinissa.html (140 words)

	page
		Phoenicians settled some of the coastal areas of Algeria from their north-African state of Carthage which was in modern day Tunisia.
		The first Algerian kingdom was established by the Berber chieftain Massinissa during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage which took place between the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.
		Massinissa reigned over his kingdom of Numidia from 202-148BC and his dynasty lasted until 106BC when his grandson Jugurtha became a Roman client.
	karim.freehosting.net /algeria.html (1222 words)

	Histoire de l'Algérie, de la conquête romaine à la conquête turque
		L'Algérie apparaît dans l'Histoire avec Massinissa, chef des tribus numides établies à l'est de Constantine, à cheval sur l'Algérie et la Tunisie actuelles.
		Massinissa est élevé à Carthage, prospère colonie phénicienne implantée au nord de Tunis.
		Plutôt que de livrer la malheureuse, Massinissa lui donne du poison la nuit même de ses noces.
	www.herodote.net /histoire061401.htm (1183 words)

	Silencing the protesters - The Wire - July2001 - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The protesters, mainly young, took to the streets during April, May and June to express their deep-seated anger at the Algerian authorities whom they see as repressive and unconcerned by their plight.
		The protests were triggered by the death of a secondary-school student, Massinissa Guermah.
		According to the authorities, the weapon fired accidentally when it slipped out of a gendarme’s hands, but this version has been challenged by witnesses who say they heard Massinissa Guermah plead his innocence to gendarmes before two rounds were fired.
	web.amnesty.org /wire/july2001/algeria (727 words)

	[No title]
		The first Algerian kingdom was established by the Berber chieftain Massinissa during the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage sometime in the 3rd or 2nd centuries BC.
		Massinissa reigned over his kingdom from 202-148BC and his dynasty lasted until 106BC when his grandson Jugurtha became a Roman client.
		With the decline of the Roman Empire, and the spread of Islam, Roman armies withdrew from Algeria in the 3rd century AD.
	david.snu.edu /~dwilliam.fs/f97projects/algeria/history.txt (905 words)

	Africa - Province of the Roman Empire
		The remaining territory was left in the domain of the Numidian client King Massinissa.
		At this time, the Roman policy in Africa was simply to prevent another great power to rise on the far side of Sicily.
		Therefore, great freedom of rule was granted to Massinissa and his descendents.
	www.unrv.com /provinces/africa.php (862 words)

	King Massinissa [Archive] - Pan Aryan National front
		In the battle on the great plains, Syphax and the Carthaginian commander Hasdrubal, son of Gesco, were defeated, and while the Roman general concentrated on Carthage, Massinissa followed Syphax to Cirta, where he took him prisoner.
		But Massinissa's raids continued, and in 151, the Carthaginians declared war upon the Numidians.
		The Roman historian Livy records that he had been [b]"so vigorous that among the other youthful exploits that he performed during his final years, he was still sexually active and begot a son when he was eighty-six" [b](Periochae, 50.6).
	www.panf.info /upload/archive/index.php/t-311.html (1910 words)

	Algeria
		First settled by Berber herdsmen around 8000 BCE, the northern portion of Algeria was once controlled by the Phoenician city-state of Carthage, before the Berber chieftain Massinissa organized the independent kingdom of Numidia following the defeat of Carthage by Rome in The Second Punic War in 202 BCE.
		In 106 BCE Massinissa's grandson Jugurtha became a Roman client, and following his death the kingdom became a Roman province.
		Very likely the Numidians were familiar with and may even have adopted the religious practices of their old Carthaginian neighbors, which included the worship of the Syrian solar deity Baal.
	outcyclopedia.0catch.com /algeria.html (1565 words)

	Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		appealed to Rome, the Roman commissions sent to help Carthage continually settled matters in favor of Massinissa.
		In 151 BCE the Carthaginians made war with Massinissa and lost.
		The Romans, alarmed at Carthage's action, raised an army and sent it to Carthage in 149 BCE.
	www.romanrepublicancoins.com /Third_Punic_War.html (229 words)

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