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	Mastaba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The mastaba both represents the forerunner of the Pyramids, and the simpler alternative to Pyramids throughout the centuries when the Egyptians were erecting their famous pyramids.
		Mastaba are structures with flat roofs, and normally built from mudbrick or stone.
		The mastabas had burial chambers that often were dug out in the ground, deep under the mastaba, with shafts connecting to the entrance.
	i-cias.com /e.o/mastaba.htm (197 words)

	Mastaba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Un mastaba est une construction funéraire utilisée dans l'Égypte antique pour enterrer les nobles et les notables.
		Les mastabas furent utilisés à partir de l'Ancien empire.
		Les mastabas sont souvent des tombes familliales et l'on y trouve donc plusieurs puits, et même parfois plusieur caveaux dans un même puits creusé à differentes profondeurs.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/fr/wikipedia/m/ma/mastaba.html (288 words)

	Mastaba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mastaba was a flat-roofed, mud brick, rectangular building with sloping sides that marked the burial site of many eminent Egyptians of Egypt's ancient period.
		The Mastaba was the standard tomb type in early Egypt (the predynastic and early dynastic periods.)
		When a mastaba was built for the burial of the Third Dynasty king Djoser, the architect Imhotep enlarged the basic structure to be a square, then built a similar mastaba-like square on top of this, and added a third, fourth and fifth square structure above that.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mastaba (308 words)

	Mastaba
		The mastaba was a a flatroofed, mudbrick, rectangular building with sloping sides that marked the burial of site of many eminent Egyptians of the ancient period.
		Mastaba comes from the modern Egyptian for bench, because they look like a mud bench when seen from a distance.
		In a Mastaba, a deep chamber was dug out and lined with stone, mud bricks or wood.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mastaba.html (106 words)

	Egyptian mastaba of Ptahhotep
		In a general manner, the mastaba (an Arabian word meaning "bench") is often a lot more remarkable by the interest and the beauty of the scenes in painted bas-reliefs than by its architecture, moreover very simple.
		It is composed of a superstructure primarily a funeral chapel (decorated part of the monument), accessible to the living for the purpose of the cult, and of an infrastructure including a well giving access at the actual vault.
		Independently of the representations common to all mastabas, bound to the preparation and the indispensable offering contribution for the deceased's survival (the south and west walls of our tomb), the chapel of Ptahhotep II, is rich with original scenes, combining with the precision of attentive observation a particularly remarkable smoothness of execution.
	www.osirisnet.net /mastabas/ptahho/e_ptahotep.htm (3160 words)

	Egyptian Journey 2003: Photos: Saqqara: Mastaba of Mereruke
		Mastabas are one of th earliest forms of burial complexes, and probably evolved from the earliest pit burials -- they are usually a series of chambers that have a structure built over them that looks vaguely like a bench.
		From the mastaba tombs, step pyramid evolved, and then the true pyramids that we are so familiar with.
		Even with the decline of the pyarmids surrounding the mastaba, it is obvious that the level of craftsmanship is very high.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/egypt/photos/saqqara/meruruka-01.html (285 words)

	MASTABA: Family Digital Shrine
		MASTABA is a household shrine in the future where families including some generations hands down their memories through digital pictures.
		In MASTABA user can see the pictures when they were at the same age side by side.
		And user can select the age when the picture was taken, with lighting the caracole consists of 100 steps indicating age 0 to 99 years.
	mastaba.digital-shrine.com (227 words)

	Egyptian Architecture - Mastabas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Mastabas of the early dynastic period (3200—2680 B.C.), such as those of the I dynasty at Sakkara, were elaborate, having many storage or offering compartments, and were quite evidently close copies of contemporary houses.
		Better known are the Mastabas of the Old Kingdom (2680—2181 B.C.), which were an elaboration of the predynastic burial-pit and mound form.
		In contrast to their royal counterparts, the pyramids, which were left undecorated, the Old Kingdom Mastabas offer us a variety of texts and images, illustrating scenes from the daily life of the deceased, offering scenes and ritual hunt scenes.
	www.aldokkan.com /art/mastaba.htm (326 words)

	Tell Tebilla 2
		The eastern mastaba measures at least 3.25 metres high, has a slight batter (80 degrees) on its northern face, and covers a minimum area of 15 by 20 metres.
		The continuation of interments within the uppermost levels of the preserved chambers in the eastern mastaba suggests that burial space was at a premium.
		One could then observe whether both mastabas are associated with the same surface layer, or if one mastaba's foundation trench and ground surface predates or postdates those of the other mastaba.
	www.deltasinai.com /delta-02.htm (1780 words)

	Step Pyramid at Saqqara - Mastaba - Crystalinks
		It was made for the pharaoh, Djoser and began as a normal mastaba, but was subsequently enlarged by adding one mastaba on top of another until it consisted of six terraces some 200ft (60 meters) high.
		A mastaba (Arabic for "bench") is a low rectangular structure which was built over a shaft which descended to the burial location.
		The Step Pyramid originally began as a mastaba, and it may have been visualized as a series of mastaba shapes, decreasing in size, stacked one on top of another.
	www.crystalinks.com /steppyr.html (1138 words)

	Spurlock Museum: Virtual Tour: Africa/West Asia Gallery
		There are two openings to the Mastaba tomb; the one on the east is considered the entrance and the one on the west is considered the exit.
		On the exterior of the Mastaba tomb, to the right of the entrance, two text panels introduce religious practices and burial practices in ancient Egypt.
		To the left of the entrance, a large text panel with multiple graphics introduces the Mastaba tomb and a small display case affixed to the side of the tomb holds a small funerary artifact.
	www.spurlock.uiuc.edu /jack/lis391/support/2001/africa/mastaba.html (179 words)

	mastaba
		Mastabas are mainly attested at Saqqara and Gizeh, but must have been common in the Old Kingdom (about 2686-2181 BC) at many other places.
		The mastabas in the provinces are mainly build in mud brick.
		Mastaba at certain places (Abydos) are only known from fragments of reliefs, which might come from them.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /burialcustoms/mastaba.html (314 words)

	Tell Tebilla 4
		Mastaba A contained a subterranean chamber laid on thick mud brick walls with a vault roofing the cellar.
		These structures (mastaba tombs) had apparently suffered from much burning that distinguishes the period of interment from the subsequent, differential Roman period plundering of the mastaba chambers and burials.
		The appearance of human burials stacked 6-7 metres in depth inside chambers A.2 and A.6, and the lowest levels of A.1, indicated that Mastaba A had continued in use as a mortuary complex to the end of the Late Period, and possibly into the Ptolemaic period, before the burials were looted.
	www.deltasinai.com /delta-04.htm (1926 words)

	Ghost of a flea: Mastaba
		Guenter Dreyer, director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo, suggests a reason for the architectural leap from mastabas to pyramids with the step-pyramid of Djoser.
		The plan at Saqqara followed an earlier example at Abydos where the pharaoh's burial place was covered by a flat mound, or mastaba (Arabic for "bench"), and the complex enclosed by a wall.
		The surrounding was at Saqqara was too high and too close to the mastaba for the burial mound to be seen...
	www.ghostofaflea.com /archives/001460.html (179 words)

	Egyptian Journey 2003: Maidum: Mastaba
		Actually, we're not sure if this was the mastaba of Khasekhemwy, or one of the other mastabas on the site ot Maidum -- no one was really clear about that when we were going in.
		The mastabas, an early form of burial that was usually a squarish, mud-brick structure over a subterranean burial chamber, are ruinous.
		The evolution of the mastaba to step pyramid to true pyramid can be seen by traveling from Saqqara (with the mastabas and Djoser's Step Pyramid) to Maidum, then to Dashur, and finally to Giza.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/egypt/photos/maidum/mastaba-01.html (237 words)

	Tombs in Ancient Egypt
		These type of tombs first appear in the Predynastic period when they were used to protect the burial of Kings (the form of the mastaba at this time were limited to oblong heaps of stone which would cover the grave).
		After the burial the chamber was sealed and the shaft was filled with rubble - the mastaba would then become the focal point for friends and relatives of the deceased to bring offerings for the KA and recite magical formulae.
		More often than not, the burial chambers of Mastaba tombs would have been robbed in antiquity - and so knowledge of the earlier forms of burial in ancient Egypt is limited.
	members.tripod.com /~ib205/tombs.html (554 words)

	Meidum. Inside the mastaba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Some of the tombs of the mastaba can be entered, but there is today little to see and impress you.
		As a matter of fact, you should try to fit in a visit to the National Museum in Cairo, room 32, where the painted stucco "Geese of Meidum" is exhibited.
		Apart from the effect the narrow walls have on you, the main attraction inside the mastaba is the sarcophagus.
	i-cias.com /egypt/meidum04.htm (81 words)

	Mastaba Rebellion
		The Mastaba Rebellion is a guild based upon the fundamentals of the Free Jaffa Nation and its quest for the independence of all Jaffa from the oppression and tyranny of the false gods, whether it be the sinister Goa'uld or the powerful Ori.
		This guild thus takes the name Mastaba Rebellion from the Jaffa art of war created by the power-hungry Imhotep that implemented strict discipline and a aggressive form of combat.
		Mastaba's basics in fighting is not balance of offense and defense, but the singular goal to strike down your enemy quickly and fearlessly without regard for your own life or welfare.
	www.freewebs.com /mastaba/intro.html (175 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - Step Pyramid of Netjerikhet's Funerary Complex
		At this stage, the complex was very similar to the valley enclosure of Khasekhemwi, the last king of the 2nd Dynasty, at Abydos or probably also to the structure known today as the 'Great Enclosure' at Saqqara.
		The mastaba's sides were oriented approximately to face one of the four cardinal points.
		The mastaba of stage M3 was extended by some 3 metres on all sides and was converted into a regular, rectangular mastaba, without any steps.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/netjerikhet/pyramid.html (1647 words)

	The Mastaba of Abu Dhabi (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab03.cs.washington.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Originally conceived in 1977, the Mastaba will be constructed of materials relative to the area: inside, natural aggregates and cement to form a concrete structure with a sand core; and outside, an overall surfacing of 55-gallon stainless steel oil barrels of various bright colors.
		All barrels, on the four sides of the Mastaba and on the top, will be installed so that they are lying on their sides.
		It is suggested that the Mastaba, whose only purpose is to be itself, be situated on a slightly rising plain to allow viewers the full impact of the grandeur of this monument, as they approach by foot, automobile, or by air.
	www.christojeanneclaude.net.cob-web.org:8888 /mast.html (453 words)

	Mastaba - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Mastaba (voz árabe que significa banco) es la edificación funeraria del antiguo Egipto, con forma troncopiramidal, de base rectangular.
		Las mastabas se construyeron con adobes (ladrillos de barro), y de piedra posteriormente.
		En esta época, las mastabas contenían a veces un panteón familiar, colocándose unas encima de otras, disponiendo una escalera exterior para poder llegar hasta las más elevadas.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mastaba (441 words)

	Guardian's Meidum II
		Remember that the mastaba was the precursor to the pyramid and this is a nice example of a large mastaba from the late 3rd - early 4th dynasty.
		Even after the king began to build pyramids for his burial, members of his nobility continued to build and be buried in mastabas.
		This mastaba does date from the time of the pyramid here, and it can still be entered today.
	www.guardians.net /egypt/meidum/meidm971.htm (392 words)

	Guardian's Meidum II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Before the advent of the pyramid, Egyptian kings were buried in structures called "mastabas".
		Mastaba's were comprised of a shaft leading into underground passageways and chambers.
		This mastaba is a great example of an Old Kingdom Mastaba.
	www.guardians.net /egypt/meidum/meidmast.htm (261 words)

	The Mastaba of Khafkhufu I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Mastaba of Khafkhufu I is situated in the row nearest the great pyramid in the eastern cemetery, it lies south of the pyramid causeway and east of the three queens’ pyramids.
		The mastaba is in fact the southern chapel (G 7140) of the double-mastaba G 7130-40.
		The entrance of the Khafkhufu I chapel is from the east through the mastaba doorway to the external hall (A).
	www.cultnat.org /kkf/kff.html (155 words)

	AllRefer.com - mastaba (Architecture) - Encyclopedia
		The mastabas of the early dynastic period (3200–2680
		B.C.), such as those of the I dynasty at Sakkara, were elaborate, having many storage or offering compartments, and were quite evidently close copies of contemporary houses.
		The typical mastaba was generally rectangular in plan with a flat roof and inward-sloping walls, built of brick and faced with limestone slabs.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/mastaba.html (192 words)

	TOMB RAIDER 4 - LEVEL 31: THE MASTABAS
		GAS STATION AND FIRST MASTABA: (1 and 2 in the diagram) As you explore, a wild dog comes out from between the two buildings ahead and to the left.
		At the end of the passage, climb through the opening in the ceiling to another ruined mastaba.
		FYI: Mastabas* are tombs for the families and entourage of kings and queens.
	www.tombraiders.net /stella/walks/TR4walk/mastabas.html (2193 words)

	COLOR: The Egyptian Pyramids
		Until this time, mastabas had been the principal form of pyramid architecture.
		The four sides of the mastaba were aligned to the compass points through observation of the heavens.
		The first stage is the mastaba, the traditional tomb of the pharaohs.
	saxakali.com /COLOR_ASP/historymaf4.htm (367 words)

	Explore Ancient Egypt
		Detail of the mastaba tomb of Babaef at Giza, excavated by the Museum Expedition.
		Mastaba tombs are rectangular structures with sloping sides that enclose vertical shafts leading to underground burial chambers.
		Egypt's high officials and their family members were buried in mastabas during the Old Kingdom.
	www.mfa.org /egypt/explore_ancient_egypt/arch_virt.html (54 words)

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