
	Where results make sense

Topic: Maternal Mortality Ratio

Related Topics

Maternal death

Sierra Leone

Demographics of Sierra Leone

Demographics of Mozambique

Stillbirth

Death

UNFPA

Rwanda

Zimbabwe

Mozambique

Kenya

West Africa

Afghanistan

UNICEF

Central Bureau of Investigation

In the News (Wed 16 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Maternal death - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maternal death is the death of a woman that occurs directly related to the reproductive process.
		The major causes of maternal death are bacterial infection, toxemia, obstetrical hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, puerperal sepsis, amniotic fluid embolus, and unsafe abortions.
		Maternal Mortality Ratio is the ratio of the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maternal_death (473 words)

	Maternal mortality - Nasr Abdalla Mohamed
		Maternal death refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days after the termination of the pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of pregnancy, or cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy, or its management; excluding death from accidental or incidental causes.
		Maternal mortality rates are difficult to measure and maternal deaths are hard to identify because of inaccurate reporting.
		Maternal mortality ratios vary from country to country, are high in the developing countries and lower in the developed countries.
	www.gfmer.ch /Endo/Course2003/Maternal_mortality.htm (1802 words)

	Maternal Mortality -- United States, 1982-1996
		Maternal deaths were defined as those deaths that occurred during a pregnancy or within 42 days of the end of a pregnancy and for which the cause of death was listed as a complication of pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 630-676).
		Maternal mortality ratios were calculated as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (1,2).
		In 1996, if the maternal mortality ratio for fl women were equal to that for white women, the national maternal mortality ratio would have declined by 32% from 7.6 to 5.1 per 100,000 live births.
	iier.isciii.es /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm (1272 words)

	Health Situation in the South-East Asia Region 1998-2000 - Trends in Health Status - Part 3
		One of the difficulties encountered in measuring maternal mortality is the correct identification of a maternal death.
		While estimating the 1995 maternal deaths, the group responsible for this exercise stressed that estimates of maternal mortality should not be used for regular monitoring and evaluating programmes, but for drawing attention to the existence and likely dimensions of the problem.
		Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is a measure of the risk of death once a woman becomes pregnant.
	w3.whosea.org /health_situt_98-00/c4c.htm (1389 words)

	UNICEF End Decade Databases - Maternal Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Measuring maternal mortality is difficult and complex, and reliable estimates of the dimensions of the problem are not generally available.
		In terms of the maternal mortality ratio, the world figure is estimated to be 400 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
		A number of process indicators have been proposed for monitoring progress towards the reduction of maternal mortality, but the indicator with which there is the most experience in terms of data collection and analysis is the percentage of all births attended by skilled health workers (doctor, nurse or midwife) (UNICEF, WHO and UNFPA, 1997).
	www.childinfo.org /eddb/mat_mortal (2028 words)

	Indicator 16 definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.
		Published maternal mortality ratios should always specify whether the numerator (number of recorded maternal deaths) is the number of recorded direct obstetric deaths or the number of recorded obstetric deaths (direct plus indirect).
		The maternal mortality ratio should not be confused with the maternal mortality rate (whose denominator is the number of women of reproductive age), which measures the likelihood of both becoming pregnant and dying during pregnancy or the puerperium (six weeks after delivery).
	www.spc.org.nc /mdgs/MDGIs/indicator_16_definition.htm (745 words)

	Reducing Maternal Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In terms of maternal mortality ratio, the global figure is estimated to be 400 per 100,000 live births.
		The majority of maternal deaths are the direct result of complications arising during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum: postpartum haemorrhage, sepsis, complications of unsafe abortion, prolonged or obstructed labour and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy especially eclampsia.
		Maternal mortality can be prevented by helping women avoid unwanted pregnancies through family planning and by ensuring that skilled birth attendants, i.e., doctors, nurses, and midwives, provide appropriate ante-natal and post-natal care, essential obstetric care, and effective post-abortion care.
	www.unfpa.org /adolescents/future_generations/actions_mortality.htm (772 words)

	Division of Family and Reproductive Health - The Road To Safe Motherhood
		Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of the pregnancy.
		Maternal mortality ratio is the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in a given period, usually a year.
		According to WHO/AFRO: The Road to Safe Motherhood (2001), the estimated maternal mortality ratio for the African regional blocs are: 1060 for East Africa, 1020 for West Africa, 950 for Central Africa, 340 for northern Africa and 260 for southern Africa.
	www.afro.who.int /drh/safe-motherhood/safe_road.html (872 words)

	Rh252: Health and Mortality : A Concise Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The gap in maternal mortality ratios between more developed and less developed regions is wide: in 1990, there were more than 480 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in the less developed regions compared with about 27 per 100,000 live births in the more developed regions.
		The maternal mortality ratio represents a measure of the obstetric risk, that is to say, the risk of pregnancy-related death associated with each: pregnancy.
		Maternal deaths are relatively rare events even where maternal mortality is high; thus, all household survey techniques are subject to wide margins of error and are very expensive to implement.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /grhf-asia/suchana/0510/undesa.html (1900 words)

	ASM 15(4): Maternal Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Maternal death was defined as death of a female while pregnant or within six weeks of the end of pregnancy irrespective of its duration or the site of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy and its management.
		Increase in maternal mortality with advancing age is probably best explained on the basis of increasing frequency of hypertension and the greater tendency to uterine hemorrhage.
		In Sweden, a country with an extremely low maternal mortality rate, the decline in eclampsia deaths was not due to a reduction in the incidence but rather to a reduction in the case fatality rate from 14% in the 1950s to 3% in the 1980s.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/154/94181/94181.html (3261 words)

	ARGENTINA: Maternal Mortality Claims Increasingly Younger Victims
		Overall maternal mortality in Argentina was 44 per 100,000 live births in 2003, with a total of 304 deaths caused by complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (the six-week period following delivery) or as a result of abortion, according to statistics provided to IPS by the Ministry of Health.
		Maternal mortality is relatively low in Argentina in comparison with some of the other countries in the region, such as Bolivia, with a ratio of 230 deaths per 100,000 live births, and Paraguay, with 182.1.
		The ratio in the city of Buenos Aires, the federal capital, is 14 per 100,000 live births, less than one-third of the national average (44), and in the province of Buenos Aires, it stands at 32.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=27465 (1321 words)

	Women's Edge Coalition:Public Comment - April 2, 2004: The Millennium Challenge Account Selection Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The maternal mortality ratio is defined as the number of maternal deaths divided by the number of live births for a given year and expressed per 100,000 live births.
		Improving maternal health is one of the Millennium Development Goals, with a target of reducing by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.
		The maternal mortality ratio reflects factors such as the number of pregnancies a woman has (with early and frequent pregnancies increasing the risk of maternal mortality), lack of care during pregnancy and skilled birth attendants at delivery, poor nutritional status, and long-term neglect of health.
	www.womensedge.org /pages/printerfriendly.jsp?id=214 (1221 words)

	MEASURE Evaluation - DHS Maternal Mortality Module
		From this information, the number of pregnancy related deaths are obtained and those deaths are converted to various maternal mortality indicators (e.g., the maternal mortality rate or the maternal mortality ratio) applicable to a specific number of years prior to a survey.
		Maternal mortality rates can be estimated for specific time periods preceding the survey and frequently have been for the periods 0-6 and 7-13 years prior to the survey.
		Maternal mortality indicators are published at the time of the final survey report which is usually nine months after the end of fieldwork.
	www.cpc.unc.edu /measure/publications/html/ms-02-09-tool27.html (1936 words)

	Indicators to monitor maternal health goals / appendix 6
		Given this degree of overlap it is impossible to assert unequivocally that the interventions have led to a statistically significant decline in the life-time risk of maternal death.
		A direct household survey calculated a maternal mortality ratio of 490 per 100 000 live births, the 95% confidence limits indicating a range of between 350 and 630 per 100 000 live births.
		Assuming a 25% decline in the ratio and the same sample size the point estimate for the maternal mortality ratio would be 370 per 100 000 with 95% confidence limits of 240 and 490 per 100 000.
	www.who.int /reproductive-health/publications/MSM_94_14/MSM_94_14_appendix6.en.html (666 words)

	Asia Times: Traditional birthing costs mothers' lives
		In other Southeast Asian countries, the maternal mortality ratio or the annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes for every 100,000 live births is lower than Indonesia's.
		''Maternal mortality is still one of the biggest health problems in the country,'' says Azrul Azwar, director general of community health of the Ministry of Health.
		The government estimates that 15 to 20 percent of the maternal mortality ratio is attributable to abortion.
	www.atimes.com /se-asia/BF14Ae02.html (1291 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Maternal death is defined as “the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of the pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of pregnancy, from an cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
		This is about 80% more than the maternal mortality ratio of the country as a whole and over 3 to 4 times more than most other states in the country.
		Complications from abortion are responsible for 15 — 30% of all maternal deaths in the state.
	www.aidindia.org /nodowry/purinagrik/MaternalDeathsData.htm (568 words)

	Measuring maternal mortality: what do we need to know?
		Measuring maternal mortality is problematic because the approaches currently available are complex, resource intensive and imprecise, and the results are often misleading.
		At the tenth anniversary of the safe motherhood initiative, after a decade of maternal mortality measurement experience, it was clear there were differences in opinion regarding what should be measured, the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches and how the results should be interpreted.
		Neither sisterhood method can be used to monitor changes in maternal mortality or to assess the impact of safe motherhood programmes in the short term: they are used to produce an estimate of the dimensions of the problem rather than an analysis of its causes.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC15461.htm (528 words)

	Three Peer
		OBJECTIVE: The object of this study was to use an in-depth peer-review process to determine the maternal mortality ratio at a single urban perinatal center and to identify factors associated with fatal outcomes to elucidate opportunities for preventive measures to reduce the maternal mortality ratio.
		adjusted pregnancy-related maternal mortality ratio was 22.8 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, with 37% of those deaths (11/30) deemed potentially preventable and a provider factor cited in >80% of these.
		Maternal morbidity, including febrile morbidity, and the need for transfusion or hysterectomy may be reduced with a trial of labor.
	www.collegeofmidwives.org /news01/mat_mort_articles01a.htm (1006 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Maternal Mortality Measures The measuring of maternal mortality is not an easy task to achieve, specially in countries where the rate is high.
		Maternal deaths are thus relatively rare events and they are also hard to identify precisely, both of which limit the applicability of sample survey measurement methods.
		Regarding the maternal mortality estimates performed by Hill, AbouZahr & Wardlaw (2001), based on the application of the adjustment factors, Buerkens (2001) states: “Many country-specific estimates presented by the authors are based on assumptions that are generally conservatives.
	www.aihw.gov.au /international/who_hoc/hoc_02_papers/brisbane23.doc (1548 words)

	OECD Observer: Maternal mortality: helping mothers live
		In fact, a woman in Africa faces a one in 16 chance of dying from pregnancy-related causes; by contrast, for her sister in the developed countries, the risk is one in 2,500.
		Maternal deaths are all the more tragic because they can be prevented in simple and cost-effective ways.
		There is a strong association between levels of maternal mortality and the proportion of births that are assisted by a skilled health care worker.
	www.oecdobserver.org /news/fullstory.php/aid/374 (904 words)

	OBJN: HIGHER RISKS FOR BLACK WOMEN IN PARANÁ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This is even more evident when we observe the ratio of female mortality due to maternal causes for women ranging from 10 to 49 years of age and according to race, in which pretas had a ratio of 21.7; Asians, of 14.6; and whites, of 2.9 per 100,000 women.
		According to Ana Cristina Tanaka and collaborators (1989), of all maternal deaths in the state of São Paulo, between 1980 and 1984, 33.8% were caused by hypertension, 16.6% by haemorrhage, and 13.4% by abortion.
		Thus, it is indispensable that, in the strategies used to reduce the maternal mortality in Brazil, we observe the specificities of each race, especially those of Asians and pretas, considering race and the socio-economic status as risk factors.
	www.uff.br /nepae/objn201martins.htm (2106 words)

	[No title]
		The maternal mortality ratio, which is a measure of the obstetric risk associated with each pregnancy, was estimated to be 400 per 100,000 live births globally in 2000.
		Existing estimates of maternal mortality ratios are subject to wide margins of uncertainty and cannot be used to monitor trends in the short term.
		Measuring maternal mortality accurately is difficult except where comprehensive registration of deaths and of causes of death exists.
	millenniumindicators.un.org /unsd/mi/Goal_5-web_final.doc (2795 words)

	Report: Maternal Mortality in Herat Province, Afghanistan
		The findings of this study indicate that in seven of 13 districts in Herat Province province, maternal mortality over the last ten to twelve years is between 557 and 630 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (point estimate = 593/100,000), despite having a provincial and district hospital capable of handling complicated deliveries.
		The maternal mortality ratio for Herat Province also exceeds that of all six countries bordering Afghanistan: Pakistan (200/100,000), Iran (60/100,000), Turkmenistan (65/100,000), China (60/100,000) and Tajikistan (120/100,000).
		This method provides a retrospective estimate of the maternal mortality ratio over a period of ten to twelve years and cannot be used to analyze trends in maternal mortality.
	www.phrusa.org /research/afghanistan/maternal_mortality_interp.html (1340 words)

	Press Release: Maternal Mortality in Herat Province, Afghanistan
		The PHR study, Maternal Mortality in Herat Province: The Need to Protect Women's Rights, is the first data-driven survey to compute the maternal mortality ratio in Afghanistan in over ten years.
		The study found that 593 maternal deaths occur for every 100,000 live births and the majority of the maternal deaths (92%) were reported from rural areas.
		"The rate of maternal mortality in a society is a critical indicator of the health and human rights status of women in a community," said Dr. Lynn Amowitz, Senior Medical Researcher at PHR and well-known expert on women's health in Afghanistan.
	www.phrusa.org /research/afghanistan/mm.html (1318 words)

	M Onishi Paper
		The Maternal Mortality Ratio of Japan is higher than that of European countries such as Luxembourg which is 0 per 100,000 live births and that of Switzerland and Norway is 6 per 100,000 live births.
		Maternal and child health care is one of the most important programs in Paraguay, as it is in other developing countries.
		The cause of the higher maternal mortality ratio of Paraguay may not be in the midwife’s ability to assist at a normal delivery.
	dcc2.bumc.bu.edu /ih887/matmort/M_Onishi-paper.htm (6272 words)

	SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE RISK AND CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATH IN THE GAMBIA: MALARIA APPEARS TO BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR -- ...
		Seasonal variations in maternal mortality ratio and anemia-specific maternal mortality ratio from September 2000 to December 2002 (September to December is the malaria season) at RVH, The Gambia.
		for 20% of the increase in maternal mortality at the hospital
		Maternal mortality in a rural district of southeastern Tanzania: an application of the sisterhood method.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/70/5/510 (2192 words)

	World Development Indicators 2005
		What makes maternal mortality such a compelling problem is that it strikes young women experiencing a natural function of life.
		Maternal mortality ratios are still unacceptably high in many developing countries as a result of high fertility rates and a high risk of dying each time a woman becomes pregnant.
		Maternal deaths are difficult to measure because they are relatively rare events and because reporting systems are least adequate in the countries with the highest levels of mortality.
	devdata.worldbank.org /wdi2005/Section1_1_5.htm (689 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)