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Topic: Mating pool

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	Patent 4527297: Pool entrance and supporting structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The pool entrance and supporting structure as set forth in claim 3 wherein the platform is provided with a generally vertically extending surface which is adapted to bear against an upper outer surface of said generally vertically extending pool wall, the generally vertically extending surface extending downwardly from the first portion of the platform.
		The pool entrance and supporting structure as set forth in claim 12 further characterized by the provision of a flow control valve associated with said T and capable of controlling the flow from the skimmer and the bottom of the pool to the pump and filter assembly.
		A mating plate having a similar rectangular opening is adapted to bear against the inner wall of the pool with gaskets disposed between the inner and outer surfaces of the pool.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4527297.html (4452 words)

	Artificial selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Traits that would lead to thriving under natural selection, such as a gorilla's size, or to utter extinction, such as aggressive behavior in small yappy dogs, are very often the exact traits which lead to the opposite outcome under artificial selection pressure.
		Controversially, profound examples of artificial selection are often said to be seen in humans themselves, who employ substantial cultural bias in mate selection, most obviously in the preference of human females for socially powerful mates - a factor which is not directly related to natural ecology or to simple secondary sexual characteristics.
		Removing oneself from the mating pool or drastically limiting mating choices in these ways would seem to constitute both morally sound and reasonably ethical behavior, and also clearly exemplify artificial selection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artificial_selection (1458 words)

	Cayman Turtle Farm - Scientific Papers - Breeding in Captivity
		Mating, nesting and hatching of the Green sea turtle on Mariculture Ltd's farm on Grand Cayman Island, BWI in 1973 were recorded in a previous paper.
		The pool was thus reserved for animals which it was hoped might breed in the 1974 season, so that the population of the pool in 1974 never exceeded 73 females and 14 males, compared with the 300 mainly immatures removed from the pool at the end of 1973.
		Observation of activity in the pool and on the beach, especially at night, was not easy and it is understandable that four animals laid without having been observed to mate and that at least six nests and probably more were missed at the time of laying.
	www.turtle.ky /scientific/breeding-in-captivity.htm (4982 words)

	Synthetic Theory of Evolution: Glossary of Terms
		More specifically, it is change in the gene pool frequencies of a population from one generation to the next.
		a form of non-random mating in which individuals who are not genetically alike for particular traits mate and those who are alike do not.
		The result is a progressive increase in the frequency of heterozygotes and a decrease in the homozygotes for the discriminated traits.
	anthro.palomar.edu /synthetic/glossary.htm (3922 words)

	Selecting A Mate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A mating pool is an area in memory into which all individuals that will be eligible for mating will be placed.
		The first thing Optimax does when filling the mating pool is to copy the top N percent of the current population into the pool, where N is the value in the Top Percent field.
		In basic mating selection mode, Optimax now chooses a pair of individuals for mating from the mating pool completely at random, and performs crossover and mutation operations to create a brand new individual.
	www.modus-novus.com /optimax/ughtml/selectingamate.htm (1584 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Wetlands :: Vernal Pool
		In the spring, the pools of ice melt and serve as the "hatcheries of the forest".
		Often mistaken for useless puddles or mud-spots in the woods, vernal pools are temporary pools of snow and ice-melt that form in the late winter and spring and, in most cases, disappear by late summer.
		Vernal pools are often thought of as the "hatcheries of the forests." That's because shallow vernal pools teem with life in early spring, when many species that that can't effectively breed in the presence of fish - such as fairy shrimp, mosquitoes, frogs, and salamanders - come to mate and lay eggs.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/wetlands/art6572.html (397 words)

	Study of vernal pools, salamander population under way (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		And while the mating habits of what is described as a timid, harmless amphibian may seem inconsequential in a county that is becoming increasingly urbanized, they are a piece of a five-year study on Montgomery County wetlands being conducted, in part, by tracking the lizard-like creatures and there mating havens.
		These creatures return to the very pools in which they were hatched to mate and lay their eggs.
		They emerge to mate every year for about six weeks during late winter or early spring evenings when rain is falling, temperatures are hovering around freezing, the frozen ground is starting to thaw and the 40-degree water in the vernal pool is as inviting as a hot bath.
	www.gazette.net /200413/chevy/news/208423-1.html (922 words)

	Prairie Fragmentation
		We are studying mating patterns and their evolutionary consequences with particular reference to wild plants native to North America's tallgrass prairie.
		It is well established that inbreeding, whether through self-fertilization or mating between close relatives, tends to increase homozygosity of progeny, and this results in inbreeding depression.
		A central goal of our work is an integrated understanding of the interplay among diverse consequences of mating structure, including inbreeding depression, genetic incompatibility, and local adaptation, in an ecological, spatial context in which, for example, pollinator movement depends on the composition and configuration of flowering plants, and spatial variation induces variation in plant fitness.
	www.entomology.umn.edu /biocomplexity/prairiefragment.html (961 words)

	Genetic Algorithms
		We begin with the choice of the mating pool.
		Suppose we generate 1 of the first string, 2 of the second, none of the third, and 1 of the fourth.
		Given a problem, you must decide on an encoding of the problem, a method for choosing the mating pool, a method for mating pairs (or more) of solutions, and a method for mutation.
	mat.gsia.cmu.edu /mstc/nn/node1.html (921 words)

	PG-II: LINKAGE MAPPING USING OPEN-POLLINATED POPULATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The general likelihood equation for this type of mating is a function of the recombination frequency, the allele frequency in pollen pool, and the outcrossing rate.
		A total 9,000 factorial combinations of values of the true recombination frequency, the outcrossing rate, A and B allele frequencies, the number of progenies, were considered for both codominant and dominant markers.
		The backcross is an open-pollinated population with one of the allele frequencies 0.0 or 1.0 in the pollen pool.
	www.intl-pag.org /pag/2/abstracts/162pg2.html (238 words)

	The Spread of Irrational Behaviours by Contagion: An Agent Micro-Simulation
		The simulation presented here attempts to dissect how a `rational' mating behaviour, arbitrarily taken to be selection of a mate of same status as oneself, conflicts with an `irrational' mating behaviour, for instance the use of astrology to select a mate.
		Agents seek a mate at random from among the opposite sex in the population (as in Ophir 1998).
		The outcome of the mating (successful or unsuccessful) is determined by a combination of random chance, a background a priori likelihood of success, and various rules dependent on the types of agent involved.
	jom-emit.cfpm.org /2002/vol6/gatherer_d.html (7635 words)

	the evolutionist: David Buss
		Basically in the book I argued that men and women both have long-term mating strategies and short-term mating strategies, and which one they use or which mixture of strategies they deploy depends a lot on factors such as their circumstances, their mate values, their age and the social conditions under which they find themselves.
		Men will be able to get short-term matings and will be reluctant to commit to long-term matings, and women will have little choice but to adopt a short-term mating strategy if they want to be involved with men at all.
		Our desires for a mate determine the entire mating system - who we go after, which tactics of attraction are effective, which tactics are used in mate retention as opposed to mate expulsion, what causes conflict between the sexes, and so forth.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/evolutionist/buss.htm (5078 words)

	The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
		In fact, because we chose to make B fully dominant, the only way that the frequency of B and b in the gene pool could be known is by determining the frequency of the recessive phenotype (gray) and computing from it the value of q.
		If the hybrids later breed with one of the parental types, new genes are passed into the gene pool of that parent population.
		One of the cornerstones of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is that mating in the population must be random.
	www.ultranet.com /~jkimball/BiologyPages/H/Hardy_Weinberg.html (1731 words)

	Nature Works - Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		All of the genes in a population of organisms is called a gene pool.
		The gene pool of a population has all the characteristics that can be passed on to organisms in a particular population.
		The gene pool of the species lacks variety because generation after generation is descended from the same animals.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/nwepevolution.htm (330 words)

	[No title]
		In principio, gli individui sono copiati dalla popolazione in una “piscina di accoppiamento” (mating pool), dove gli individui migliori hanno molta probabilità di essere copiati più volte, mentre i peggiori potrebbero non essere copiati affatto.
		Per fare in modo che la mating pool abbia la stessa dimensione della popolazione originale, la media del numero di prove riproduttive allocate a ogni individuo deve essere uno.
		Poiché solo un numero intero di copie può essere piazzata nel mating pool, dobbiamo convertire il numero in un intero in modo da non introdurre deviazione.
	web.tiscali.it /vitaartificiale/asprat.html (2852 words)

	Evolution II
		Not only are variations created, they are also preserved and passed on from one generation to the next.The gene pool is the total of all the alleles in a population, in the context of gene frequencies.
		Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a constancy of gene pool frequencies that remains across generations, and might best be found among stable populations with no natural selection or where selection is stabilizing.
		Inbreeding is mating between relatives to a greater extent than by chance; inbreeding can occur if dispersal is so low that mates are likely to be related and does not change allele frequencies, but it does decrease the proportion of heterozygotes and increase the proportions of both homozygotes at all gene loci.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEVOLII.html (3585 words)

	Implications of mating patterns for conservation of the endangered plant Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum ...
		Implications of mating patterns for conservation of the endangered plant Eriogonum ovalifolium var.
		of heterozygotes in a population relative to a randomly mating
		In contrast, increases in correlated matings and decreases in
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/7/1214 (5493 words)

	SPHINcsX: Section 3.2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		However, mating may occur between any two classifiers,[†6] as there is no male-female distinction.
		First, panmictic pairs of parents are chosen from the copies in the mating pool.
		That is, the mate for each individual which was chosen during selection is randomly bred with one of the other classifiers which was chosen during selection.
	www.stanford.edu /~buc/SPHINcsX/bkhm062.htm (1206 words)

	cns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Recombination operators (described in text) are applied to members of the mating pool to produce generation t+1.
		Population members from both the current and previous generation were admitted to the mating pool if their individual fitness value exceeded an "extinction threshold".
		One parameter string was randomly selected from the mating pool for mutation operations.
	science-renaissance.org /rogene/Papers/CNS96/cns_96_ms_.html (1708 words)

	A Strategy for Constructing Large Protein Interaction Maps Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid System:Regulated Expression ...
		AD pools are constructed from plates, which are in the XY plane, rows in the XZ plane, and columns in the YZ plane.
		Pools can be constructed to contain an equal number of clones as shown in Table 1.
		pools, the interactor was further diluted with the pool of noninteractors.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/13/12/2691 (6536 words)

	Strawberry Hill Nature Center - Newsletter Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		If the spring is unusually dry and hot, however, the pools may dry up by April or May. If the salamanders and frogs don’t hurry up and breed, the pool may run dry before their young have been able to mature.
		Look closely into a pool in late winter and you may be treated to the sight of hundreds of tiny shrimp-like organisms.
		For the 4-6 weeks of its mature existence, its main purpose is mating, hence its incessant singing (which is produced by an organ on the abdomen, not by rubbing wings or legs together).
	www.strawberryhill.org /sentinel.htm (3122 words)

	Overview of Genetic Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Place members of the population in a Mating Pool in numbers proporational to thier fitness and randomly select from this pool.
		Though this is not discussed much in the literature, I have found that the results of a search can be greatly improved if the offspring (and initial population if necessary) are subjected to an optimization, or some other check, before their fitness is determined.
		The Mating Operator is focusing and causes a reduction in the dimensionality of the problem.
	members.aol.com /btluke/gmovr01.htm (2320 words)

	[No title]
		In this example, one copy each of individuals 1 and 4 and two copies of individual 2 are selected for the mating pool.
		The algorithm will have to select a duplicate of either individual 1, 3, or 4 so that there will the mating pool will continue to have 4 individuals.
		The individuals may reach a local maximum (a maximum individual that is not the true max..31) without the proper mutation and crossover probability settings.
	www.tjhsst.edu /~rlatimer/ai/geneticTrace.html (375 words)

	[No title]
		Beginning with the initial % population, "selection" is used to choose which chromosomes % should survive to form a "mating pool." Chromosomes are chosen based on % how fit they are (as computed by the fitness function) relative % to the other members of the population.
		More fit individuals end up % with more copies of themselves in the mating pool so that they % will more significantly effect the formation of the next % generation.
		Next, several operations are taken on the mating % pool.
	www.ece.osu.edu /~passino/ICbook/Code/ga_approx.m (2040 words)

	Tutorial One : Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Mating Pool: Fixed size set of individuals selected from population to be parents.
		Roulette Wheel Selection: Probability of selecting a population member with fitness f to be in the mating pool == f /
		number of parents = size of mating pool = number of offspring.
	www.cems.uwe.ac.uk /~jsmith/ec/tutorial_two.html (287 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Based on the mating pool from the selection process, the reproduction process chooses two parent solutions from the mating pool, alters solutions to generate two children, and adds them into a new population.
		The selection process selects P solutions into the mating pool with respect to the fitness values of solutions.
		This process is repeated until the mating pool is filled.
	www.cs.uh.edu /~chai/mythesis/documents/chapter4.doc (4137 words)

	Sex roles, ornaments, and evolutionary explanation -- Houde 98 (23): 12857 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		pool of a population, there is more than one male ready to inseminate
		actively court males, whereas males are choosy in mate choice.
		Not only is this the first time that male mate choice has been implicated in the evolution of a female ornament, but Amundsen
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/23/12857 (1592 words)

	Assignment 0
		Based on a gene's fitness, it was mated with other genes with high fitness to create a new pool of cross over genes.
		Once the genes were mated and a new gene pool was created, every 100 bit string in the mating pool was ran though a mutation function which would statistically determine if a random bit in the gene should be flipped.
		This percentage number should be low, since mutation is used to prevent loss of genetic material from mating and crossover.
	www.cs.unr.edu /~ballew/cs790k/as0.html (490 words)

	The Chesterfield Palm Beach - Palm Beach - Reviews of The Chesterfield Palm Beach
		The nightly "mating dance" in the "colorful" lounge may make the Chesterfield "not children friendly," but folks love its "helpful" staff and "wonderful" location.
		The pool is not depressing but very intimate.
		It is a small courtyard pool for a small hotel.
	www.hotelshark.com /palmbeach/che.htm (318 words)

	Virtual World of DMTs - Evolution by GA
		(2) Create a mating pool - This mating pool is half the size of the original population.
		Each member of the mating pool is selected randomly from the current population, with DMTs that have a higher fitness being more likely to be selected.
		(3) Reproduction through crossover - Each member of the mating pool is mated with another, so that each DMT that made it to the mating pool reproduces with one and only one other DMT from the mating pool.
	www.redfish.com /dkunkle/dmt/evo.html (452 words)

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