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Topic: Mating system

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	The Dolphin Institute - Whale Research
		The social organization and behaviors of male humpback whales in the winter ground had characteristics similar to that a lekking system seen in some insects, ungulates and birds (Herman and Tavolga, 1980).
		In a lekking system, males aggregate in a mating ground known as a lek, and females visit the lek to mate with the males.
		There are some important differences between the mating system of the humpback whale and a classic lek, however; most noticeably, male humpback whales do not appear to be territorial, as described above for a classic lek.
	www.dolphin-institute.org /our_research/whale_research/matingandreproduction.htm (234 words)

	mating systems in deer
		When females are ready to be mated they then visit the lekking ground and go to the territories of their preferred male.
		Territorial Mates- In this type of mating system males possess permanent territories, these overlap with the territories of a number of females.
		This type of mating system is seen in many of the Muntjac species of deer, such as the Reeve's Muntjac.
	www.worlddeer.org /biology/matingsystems.html (545 words)

	Pure Blood - Part III - By Mike Safley
		This is because the mating of the largest to the largest creates a portion of the herd which is much larger alpacas as opposed to the portion of the herd where the smallest was mated to the smallest and smaller alpacas were the result.
		Mating animals that are extreme in one direction to animals that are extreme in the opposite direction tends to produce more intermediate types and reduce the variability of the offspring.
		The fundamental difference between inbreeding and the mating of like individuals together regardless of pedigree is that inbreeding is the mating of individuals who are apt to have the same genes and like-to-like mating is the mating of individuals which have similar characteristics, irrespective of common ancestors in their pedigree.
	www.alpacas.com /AlpacaLibrary/Articles/Html/PureBloodSeries_III.htm (8372 words)

	ASC-148 Management of Swine Mating
		Mating should be timed so that the maximum number of active sperm cells comes in contact with the maximum number of viable ova (eggs) at the site of fertilization (upper half of the oviduct).
		When choosing a mating system, producers should not base their choice strictly on the amount of time and labor that needs to be devoted to the system.
		Rather, each mating system should be evaluated in terms of what stands to be gained or lost in reproductive efficiency with the implementation of each mating program.
	www.ca.uky.edu /agc/PUBS/asc/asc148/asc148.htm (2855 words)

	Laura F. Galloway - Mating system & reproductive biology publications
		Mating system and reproductive biology in Campanula americana
		Therefore we may expect mating systems that promote self-fertilization or mixed-mating in polyploid species.
		Campanula americana appears to have a flexible mating system where within flower protandry and/or cryptic self-incompatibility result in a high outcrossing rate when pollinators are abundant but self-compatibility and limited inbreeding depression maintain reproductive success when mates are limited.
	faculty.virginia.edu /galloway/Matingabstracts.html (1347 words)

	Shark Reproduction and Mating System Evolutio (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Despite the fact that reproductive capacity is such a pivotal aspect of fisheries management, there is little information available on mating systems, reproductive mechanisms, and genetic basis of parentage in sharks, and elasmobranchs in general.
		Because mating behavior of sharks is difficult to observe directly in the wild, it is largely unknown whether the few observed cases of polyandrous mating (i.e., where females mate with multiple males) is the rule or the exception in nature.
		To answer this question, GHRI researchers are developing and using a type of inherited genetic marker (known as microsatellites) to assess the incidence of multiple paternity in shark litters.
	www.nova.edu /ocean/ghri/sharkreproduction.html (352 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Evolution of sexual asymmetry
		When gender differences exist, mating involves the fusion of a male and a female cell; this may occur when the male and female functions are in different individuals, or when a single individual possesses both male and female functions.
		According to [12] and [13], mating types have evolved to suppress harmful conflicts between cytoplasmic elements, while [11] suggests that mating type loci have evolved in response to polymorphisms for genes involved in gamete recognition.
		This implies that mating types will have a smaller chance of finding a suitable mating partner than in a homogeneous population, since they are unable to mate within their clone, while the undifferentiated gamete type has no reduced opportunity for mating, although most matings will be intra-clonal.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/4/34 (5394 words)

	Size and Dipteran Mating
		The difference between the mate locating tactics of the two species is possibly related to the greater size and density of the male population in R.
		Territory owners and mating males are not different in size or age from the remainder of the male population.
		One of the recent advances in the study of size importance in dipteran mating has been to study the genetics of this interaction, to date the means of several size factors differ significantly among populations but the genetic correlations among these traits generally do not differ.
	www.msu.edu /user/miller20/pala.htm (3893 words)

	3.5 STRATEGIES FOR RECORD-KEEPING
		There are several important advantages to a record-keeping system based on the mating unit: (1) only a single set of primary record numbers is required; (2) one can easily keep track of the reproductive history of each mating pair; and (3) information on siblings can be readily viewed within a single location.
		Another difference between the mating unit system and the animal/litter system is the ease with which it is possible to keep track of animals that are moved from one mating unit to another.
		The mating unit system is most effective for colonies where "animals are mated for life." The animal/litter system is effective for colonies of this type as well, but is also amenable to those where animals are frequently switched from one mate to another.
	www.complextrait.org /archive/2001/HTML/silverbook/3.5.shtml (1648 words)

	Wild Norway Rat Behavior
		Male social system: The social system of males is territorial or despotic depending on the population density (number of rats per square meter).
		Rat mating systems are a facet of social systems, and change with population density.
		It is not unusual for the social systems and mating systems of a species to change with population density.
	www.ratbehavior.org /WildRats.htm (4561 words)

	Introduction to the Social System of Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
		Overlap promiscuity is the ultimate mating strategy for males, since they can mate with as many females as possible without having to defend any resources for females or young.
		The courtship of giraffe is not elaborate, and mostly consists of the male trailing behind the female and occasionally attempting to mount her (Pratt 1985).
		This 'He-man' strategy (allowing the strongest male to mate) is advantageous for the female because it allows her to get the best genes for her offspring: the most dominant male is the one who ultimately fertilizes her eggs (class discussion 2004).
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/vecase/Behavior/Spring2004/breedlove/matingsystem.html (797 words)

	Gorilla Treestands
		FLUSHING, Mich., Dec. 15th – Continuing their commitment to safety, Gorilla Treestands™ introduces the Deluxe Full Body Vest Harness, featuring mating buckle system for quick and easy use.
		The mating buckle system, made of high strength steel, features a secure male/female locking system designed for easy attachment and removal.
		It features a Lineman’s climbing strap with mating buckle, and a mating buckle tether with pleated break-aways for added security.
	gorillatreestands.com /press_121505_5.shtml (305 words)

	Expert Coverage of Solar System Solar System - New Scientist Space
		Elusive 'Alfvén waves' have been spotted in the Sun's corona for the first time — they may explain why the corona is so scorchingly hot
		Comets and Asteroids They are remnants from the early Solar System.
		Living World Mating toads leap the species barrier
	space.newscientist.com /channel/solar-system (1152 words)

	Robotic Mating Devices
		Honeybee has developed multiple systems for reliably making a secure connection by robotic means.
		These systems allow for the change-out of tools on robotic arms, the transfer of power and data between robot and spacecraft, and the transfer of mechanical power to specialized tools.
		Make-before-break mechanisms and fault tolerant designs ensure the retention of components.
	www.honeybeerobotics.com /mating.html (63 words)

	CHAPTER TWENTY
		The business of locating mates, courtship interactions, mating, fertilization, depositing eggs, and caring for and provisioning offspring (or not doing these activities) are aspects of mating systems.
		The third point is that after mating, the female is no longer responsive to calling songs, and she no longer expresses here nightly locomotor activity.
		For still another component of the system, males tend to guard their newly mated females until the eggs are deposited.
	entomology.unl.edu /ent801/mating.html (2855 words)

	Ritland programs
		Mating system estimation --- Pairwise relatedness/ individual inbreeding
		Ritland, K. Extensions of models for the estimation of mating systems using n independent loci.
		The mating system of an autotetraploid cactus, Pachycereus pringlei.
	genetics.forestry.ubc.ca /ritland/programs.html (506 words)

	Chapter 7 RABBITRY MANAGEMENT
		As ovulation in does is induced by mating and the females are generally kept in different cages from the males, it is the breeder who determines the reproduction rate of the unit.
		If the doe refuses to mate, the breeder can try to present her to another buck, as a last resort leaving her for 24 hours in the buck's cage but then cannot be sure that mating has taken place.
		This means that the doe is mated twice in succession at intervals of 10 to 15 minutes, either by the same male or by two different males.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t1690E/t1690e09.htm (5127 words)

	UNC DLAM - Mouse Breeding Advice
		Two mating systems are commonly used for breeding mice: monogamous pairing and polygamous or harem breeding.
		In a monogamous mating system one male and one female are selected and paired together for the duration of their breeding life.
		The harem system is also known as the colony or polygamous mating system.
	research.unc.edu /dlam/mousebreeding.htm (940 words)

	Mating type abstracts
		To further investigate the genetics of this mating system single ascospore progeny were isolated from each of the successful crosses and backcrossed with the original parental strains.
		In the mating process, pheromones facilitate the donation of migrating nuclei from an individual to a compatible mate while the pheromone-receptor regulates the acceptance of migrating nuclei from a mate.
		Protein profiles of single mating type isolates induced with SF and individually picked fertile apothecia revealed the presence of a major protein termed sex factor induced (SFI 1) protein which was absent in asexually reproducing cultures.
	www.fgsc.net /asilomar1997/mating.html (3270 words)

	Mating Systems and Parental Care, Sinervo
		The evolution of monogamy and the further evolution of male parental care is driven by the ecology of the organism and the distribution of resources in the environment for both the male and the female.
		In the evolution of a resource based mating system, females end up settling on a male's territory or depositing eggs on a male's territory because of the quality of his territory.
		This system is also illuminating with regards to the role of ecology in governing the evolution of mating systems.
	bio.research.ucsc.edu /~barrylab/classes/old_animal_behavior/Mating_Systems.html (3922 words)

	Why Tropical Birds Are Different but Temperate-zone Birds Are Odd - Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center - National Zoo\| ...
		For females, an extra-pair mating system provides her with better genes for her babies than her social mates does; for example, genes that may offer more variation for immune system responses to parasites.
		Blue-headed Vireos breed asynchronously and have a genetically monogamous breeding system whereas Red-eyed Vireos in the same woodlot breed synchronously and have an extra-pair mating system.
		Instead, we predicted that testosterone functions to enhance male performance in extra-pair mating systems, which are normal in temperate zone birds but uncommon or absent in permanently territorial tropical species.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Science_Article/default.cfm?id=17 (1009 words)

	Mating (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Twice has the mechanism of mating been closely studied (once by Jurine in 1820 and later by Zafagninni in 1967), yet there are still many questions as to how mating occurs and if their is any mate selection.
		However, of course there are other key elements involved in its ability to hybridize, as genetical compatibility, and occurrence within a body of water that is not separated by seasons, migration patterns, or different niches is necesary.
		Different arise between both species, leading to the question as to how each trait is beneficial for each species, and whether these differences could prevent them from successfully mating with female's of other closely related species is unkown.
	www.uwm.edu /~dinora/mating.htm (330 words)

	Avian Mating Systems
		Previous studies of avian mating systems considered the role of paternal care and habitat type on the evolution of polygyny.
		Jacanas are practically unique among vertebrate animals, in that females pair simultaneously with a harem of males (a mating system called polyandry) and the males care for the young.
		Whether breeding synchrony has resulted in the evolution of extrapair mating systems or whether it correlates with a yet unknown factor that is responsible for EPFs remains to be determined.
	www.biology.eku.edu /RITCHISO/matingsystems.html (3755 words)

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