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Topic: Matrilineal descent

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Patrilineal descent

Unilineality

Ambilineal descent

Cultural anthropology

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	Matrilineality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant (of either sex) in which the individuals in all intervening generations are female.
		In a matrilineal descent system (= uterine descent), an individual is considered to belong to the same descent group as his or her mother.
		The view of matrilineal descent as originating at the time of Yavneh is openly held by scholars affiliated with the Conservative movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Matrilineal (832 words)

	Kinship and descent article - Kinship and descent cultural anthropology kinship Descent groups Lineages, clans, - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A unilineal society (such as the Iroquois system) is one in which the descent of an individual is reckoned either from the mother's or the father's descent group.
		Societies can also consider descent to be ambilineal (such as Hawaiian system) where offspring determine their lineage through the matrilineal line or the patrilineal line.
		A clan is a descent group that claims common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it (stipulated descent).
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Ancestry (516 words)

	Easy Encyclopedia - Online Encyclopedia. Knowledge is Power
		Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of anthropology.
		A unilineal society is one in which the descent of an individual is reckoned either from the mother's or the father's descent group.
		In a society which reckons descent bilineally, descent from both father and mother is equally important.
	www.easyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/k/ki/kinship_and_descent_1.html (447 words)

	Rehfisch Thesis: CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Double unitlateral descent systems are characterised by the fact that matrilineal and patrilineal descent principles operate concurrently but in different spheres of the total social field.
		Having pointed out that unilineal descent groups do not exist among the Mambila, it is now necessary to summarize the principles used in the organisation of the various social groups found in the social structure.
		It seems likely that in a stateless community with bilateral reckoning of descent and a permissive settlement pattern - that is, where a man has a number of alternative non-unilineal descent groups with which he may settle - it is the local group and not its component kinship groups which perform the major rituals.
	era.anthropology.ac.uk /Era_Resources/Era/Rehfisch/Thesis/rehf_6.html (2955 words)

	Contrasts Between Matrilineal & Patrilineal Descent Groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Matrilineal descent groups depend for their continuity and operation on retaining control over both male and female members.
		In matrilineal descent groups there is an element of potential strain in the fact that the sister is a tabooed sexual object for her brother, while at the same time her sexual and reproductive activities are a matter of interest to him.
		Matrilineal descent groups have special problems in the organization of in-marrying affines with respect to one another.
	husky1.stmarys.ca /~hmcgee/ant302/id19.htm (398 words)

	Angola - Social Structure in Rural Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Traditionally, descent groups in Angola are matrilineal; that is, they include all persons descended from a common female ancestor through females, although the individuals holding authority are, with rare exceptions, males.
		Patrilineal descent groups, whose members are descended from a male ancestor through males, apparently have occurred in only a few groups in Angola and have been reported only in conjunction with matrilineal groups, a comparatively rare phenomenon referred to as a double descent system.
		Broadly speaking, matrilineal descent groups alone have been reported for the Bakongo (but are well described only for some of the Zairian Bakongo), the Mbundu, the Chokwe, and the Ovambo, but their occurrence is probable elsewhere.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-568.html (819 words)

	Furman Sociology Department - Siegel Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Descent was formerly regarded as a primary social fact, but Murdock (1949) persuaded most anthropologists that descent systems result from the composition of cooperative work groups and consequent patterns of postmarital residence.
		In matrilineal societies, a person is born into his mother's matrilineage or matriclan regardless of her marital status or the payment of bridewealth.
		Cocoa and Kinship in Ghana: The Matrilineal Akan of Ghana.
	facweb.furman.edu /dept/sociology/siegelteaching.htm (9594 words)

	Bruce Winterhalder's Homepage - Field Guide to the Kinship Diagrams of Fox - Pg. 7
		The overlap of these boxes tells us that the matrilineal descent group, combined with natolocality for the males (the brothers), results in overlapping descent and residence groups.
		There are quite a few of these (unlike the patrilineal case) because matrilineal societies have no easy way of reconciling the position of males (as fathers of their own children and as uncles to their sister's children).
		In this instance, the women of the matriline live viri-locally with their husbands, and the men bring in wives to be co-resident with them.
	www.anthro.ucdavis.edu /winterweb/html/UCD_classes/128/fox7.htm (351 words)

	MATRILINEALITY FACTS AND INFORMATION
		A matriline is a line_of_descent from a female ancestor to a descendant (of either sex) in which the individuals in all intervening generations are female.
		In a matrilineal descent system (= uterine descent), an individual is considered to belong to the same descent_group as his or her mother.
		The fact that mitochondrial_DNA is maternally inherited enables matrilineal lines of individuals to be traced through genetic analysis.
	www.gottagetflowers.com /Matrilineality (860 words)

	Modernization and the Decline in Women's Status; Covert Gynocracy in an Akan Community
		Matrilineal societies differ from both patrilineal and bilateral societies in that the institution of marriage tends to be, relatively weak (Schneider and Gough 1961, Goode 1963).
		The element of matrilineal descent is an important factor in the analysis.
		In a gerontocratic matrilineal society, women's influence and prestige tended to increase with age and were usually expressed in informal settings, although there were offices of formalised informality such as "mothers" of matrilineages.
	www.scn.org /rdi/kw-gyn.htm (7408 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts 3 of cultural anthropology.
		A lineage is a descent 8 group who can 3 demonstrate their common descent 7 from an apical ancestor.
		The nuclear 0 family is ego-centered 6 and impermanent, while 2 descent groups are permanent 8 (lasting beyond the lifespans 9 of individual constituents) and 3 reckoned according to 1 a single ancestor.
	www.prience.com /kinship_and_descent_.htm (550 words)

	Flashcards for Nature of Kinship Stack 2
		The term for the variation of cognatic descent in which both patrilineal and matrilineal descent lines are recognized.
		The descent system in which all male and female children are members of both their father's and mother's families.
		The descent system that is used most commonly by large agricultural and industrial nations as well as by hunters and gatherers in harsh, relatively nonproductive environments such as deserts and arctic wastelands.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/flashcards_2.htm (731 words)

	Matrilineal Redux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Matrilineal descent, or whether a child is Jewish being determined by his or her mother's Judaism, is not a biblical principle in Judaism.
		In fact, the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, dictates patrilineal descent in all instances, and it was the practice during biblical times for the children's status to be determined by the father's religion.
		The only context in which the matrilineal principle came into play was the frequent and tragic phenomenon of Jewish women being raped by non-Jewish men during the pogroms and other attacks, which were common from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth century.
	www.halfjew.com /html/may01/2_matrilineal.html (959 words)

	Chapter Outline
		The nuclear family is ego-centered and impermanent, while descent groups are permanent (lasting beyond the life spans of individual constituents) and reckoned according to a single ancestor.
		With matrilineal descent individuals automatically join the mother’s descent group when they are born.
		Matrilineal and patrilineal descent are types of unilineal descent in which individuals only recognize one line of descent.
	highered.mcgraw-hill.com /sites/0072832258/student_view0/chapter10/chapter_outline.html (887 words)

	Chapt 21 pp 596-616
		A Descent Group is a kind of kinship group whereby a your relationship to a real or mythical ancestor is the basis for membership. Descent may be reckoned through the mother, father, or both.
		They are ancestor focused and become organized by tracing descent from either father or mother, but not both, and back through a similarly restricted string of forbearers.
		Descent groups function to organize working units, provide security, and services. Beyond the immediate family, or the extended family, the descent group is an every growing circle of individuals that you are related to. I just want to briefly mention the hierarchy of these family relationships.
	www.unm.edu /~oberling/sexmar3.htm (755 words)

	[No title]
		If the Board resolves to adopt patrilineal descent also, we recommend that specific policies and practices be developed based on in-depth research, and that their implications be thoroughly explored.
		Accepting patrilineal descent would avoid the hurt and rejection that some intermarried couples feel because their children are not accepted as Jews.
		Matrilineal descent has been the essential, authentic way of knowing who is a Jew for 2,000 years or more.
	www.orshalom.ca /patlin.vaad.html (2019 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All children are members of the descent group of which their father is a member.
		All children are members of the descent group of which their mother is a member.
		Descent may be traced through either parent or both.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~sugiyama/lecture10.html (606 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Descent Principles (Part 1)
		In societies using matrilineal descent, the social relationship between children and their biological father tends to be different due to the fact that he is not a member of their matrilineal family.
		Cognatic descent is known to occur in four variations: bilineal, ambilineal, parallel, and bilateral descent.
		Descent from either males or females is recognized, but individuals may select only one line to trace descent.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/kinship_2.htm (935 words)

	Anthropology and Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Matrilineal descent is descent from an ancestress through her daughter, her daughter's daughter, etc. (in a female line)
		The type of descent, i thought, would have an effect on whether boys are segregated or not, and if boys were segregated i assumed that this would decrease premarital sex.
		I believe that in a society with matrilineal descent females will have more control over their sexual behaviour, because the emphasis of descent (and possibly respect) is on the female side of the family.
	sapir.ukc.ac.uk /Anthropologists/amrt1/HRAF (1424 words)

	Search Results for descent - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Descent theorists are more concerned with groups than with terminology, a theoretical interest that derives from the British tradition of functionalism, which dominated anthropological thinking in...
		Cognatic, or bilateral, descent is, in a sense, the opposite of double descent.
		Matrilineal descent systems are less common than those of patrilineal descent, but they are, nevertheless, found in many widely differing societies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, as well as in...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=descent&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (391 words)

	17.5 - Faces of Culture
		Descent can be traced through generations through the female line in a "matrilineal" system of descent, or the male line in the "patrilineal" system of descent.
		They are a matrilineal society, and for as long as anyone can remember, their social organization has been structured by their kinship arrangements.
		Describing the Navajo as a people with "matrilineal descent" and a "Crow naming system," tells us much about their domestic relationships and how they are different from other cultures.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /~rob/Anth200Menu/DOCS/4/anth17-5.htm (2412 words)

	[No title]
		This essay will describe how rulers of ancient Egypt traced descent matrilineally from queen to princess-daughter, and will show how this matriliny is reflected in the images of feminine primordial creation that surrounded Egyptian royalty.
		Despite the anthropologically recognized importance of matrilineal descent in Egyptian culture, art historians continue to misinterpret Egyptian art and life by applying to it the familiar conventions of their own patriculture.
		Matrilineal descent made it possible for men of talent to rise to the throne of Egypt, but even the most ambitious male ruler had to reckon with the Cow-Queen's power.
	www.arthistory.sbc.edu /imageswomen/luomala.html (2354 words)

	Paper on Cherokee Kinship Systems
		The main characteristic of a Crow type system "is found in the descent pattern from the father's sister, whereby the father's sister's female descendants through females are classed with the father's sister, and her male descendants through females are classed with the father" (Spoehr 164).
		In the Cherokee kinship system there are four important lineages: the father's matrilineal, the mother's matrilineal, the mother's father's matrilineal, and the father's father's matrilineal.
		The matrilineal structure was the basis for the social organization of the Cherokee.
	www.boulder.net /~gillman/anthpaper/anthpap.html (2981 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The matrilineal descent group can never be the chief principle of local association in a society that practises matrilocal marriage, permanent or temporary.
		But the rule of matrilocal marriage naturally divides the men of the matrilineal descent group from the women, at any rate during their youth and early manhood.
		Nevertheless, the ties uniting the matrilineal descent group remain very strong and, as I stated, determine residence, in some [Note 1] Both types of cross-cousin marriage are practised.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.3516 (432 words)

	Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Filiation can be matrilineal, coming from one's mother and her kin; or patrilineal –; from one's father and his kin.
		Furthermore, matrilineal societies contrast with patrilineal ones in that the former are bonded not by the exchange of women, but by the inmarrying of males from different descent groups.
		As with most of the rest of the world, West African descent groups tend to be exogamous, that is, a person must marry outside his or her descent group, however that is defined by his or her culture.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~emendons/note7.html (5733 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the Garo system, the ownership of the property group and the authority of its controlling power can never be found in the same descent group, which certainly weakens the solidarity of matrilineal descent groups.
		Moreover, the property group, nok, is in fact established by the combination of two descent groups in perfect balance, as analysed in the previous sections of this chapter.
		As manifested in their avuncu-uxorilocal marriage, neither to the Garo husband nor to the wife does marriage mean marrying into one of either group (the nok is located in the balance of two descent groups): unlike the marriages of in-marrying women in virilocal or avunculocal marriages, and of in-marrying men in an uxorilocal one.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.1556 (502 words)

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