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Topic: Matsumae, Hokkaido

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	HOKKAIDO HISTORY
		Nobuhiro's descendants became the rulers of the Matsumae Han, which ruled the south of Ezochi until the end of the Edo period.
		The Matsumae family was granted exclusive trading rights with the Ainu in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods.
		Hokkaido was known as Ezochi until the Meiji Restoration.
	www.japaneselifestyle.com.au /travel/hokkaido_history.htm (567 words)

	Hokkaido - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nobuhiro's descendants became the rulers of the Matsumae Han, which ruled the south of Ezochi until the end of the Edo period.
		The Matsumae family was granted exclusive trading rights with the Ainu in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods.
		Hokkaido Island is located at the north end of Japan, near Russia, and has coastlines on the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Pacific Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hokkaido_prefecture (1468 words)

	Matsumae clan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Matsumae clan is a Japanese clan, claiming origin from the Takeda of Wakasa Province.
		In exchange for their service to the country, the Matsumae were made exempt from their obligations to the shogun, such as the payment of rice, and participation in the sankin kotai system.
		Since the Matsumae land was a march, a frontier land used as the border defense against the Ainu, the remainder of Hokkaido, then called Ezo, essentially became an Ainu reservation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Matsumae (285 words)

	Matsumae Castle and town, Hokkaido Japan.
		Matsumae played a key role in the trade and warfare with the Ainu tribes of the island, and in the subsequent conquest of Ainu territories that led to the aggressive colonization of the rest of Hokkaido when the Kaitakushi was established.
		The harbor is the closest to Aomori, and although bitterly cold in winter, the climate is the mildest on the island.
		The people of Matsumae were neither consulted nor participants in the rushed "elections" held to confirm the leadership of the Ezo Republic, and under the guidance or direction of the Matsumae daimyo, the castle and town resisted the demands of the forces of the "Ezo Republic" and war ensued.
	www.yamasa.org /japan/english/destinations/hokkaido/matsumae.html (2286 words)

	Matsumae - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Matsumae was the name of a town in Hokkaido, Japan, near the port of Hakodate.
		Due to their location, and their role as border defenders, the Matsumae were the first Japanese to negotiate with Russia in any semi-official way.
		The bakufu sent an envoy to the Matsumae, requesting that the Russians make their way to the town of Matsumae by land; sensing a trap, the Russians refused, and were eventually allowed to make port in Hakodate, escorted by a Japanese vessel.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Matsumae (941 words)

	Hokkaido - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hokkaido Template:Audio (北海道 Hokkaidō, literal meaning: "North Sea Route", Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, is the second largest island and largest prefecture of Japan.
		Image:Sounkyo1.jpg Image:Hokkaido satellite image.JPG Hokkaido Island is located at the north end of Japan, near Russia, and has coastlines on the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Pacific Ocean.
		Image:Large map of Hokkaido within Japan.png Template:Seealso Hokkaidō is one of 8 prefectures in Japan that are divided into subprefectures (the others being Tokyo Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture, Okinawa Prefecture, Kagoshima Prefecture, Miyazaki Prefecture and Shimane Prefecture).
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Hokkaido_prefecture (1338 words)

	Japan Regional Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Located in the southwest of Hokkaido and facing the Tsugaru Strait, Hakodate developed as a port town for trading with foreign countries at the end of the 19th century, and is a gateway of Hokkaido connected with Honshu (the main island of Japan) Island by the Seikan Tunnel.
		Matsumae is the northernmost castle town in Japan and it has played a central role in Hokkaido pioneering in politics, culture and economics since Matsumae (Fukuyama) Castle was built in the 17th century.
		Matsumae Park, which has been created around the castle ruins, proudly boasts as many as 10,000 cherry trees in 250 varieties and is much loved by local people as a place for recreation and relaxation.
	www.asia-planet.net /japan/hokkaido.htm (7920 words)

	November, 2005
		Matsumaes ignored the ban of the Shogunate, and assumed that "Matsumae is not Japan though the Shogun expelled Padres from Japan" and accepts activity of a Christian.
		Matsumae clansman declined and noticed "Commerce acts in Ezochi is the governmental ban," and advised to negotiate with the shogunate directly at Nagasaki.
		Matsumae clan judged the case that it was equivalent to death penalty to kill wajin merchants and guards without extending to suit.
	www10.plala.or.jp /shosuzki/edit/japan/ainuenglish.htm (13659 words)

	JNTO Website \| Find a Location \| Hokkaido \| Matsumae
		Matsumae Town is situated at the southern tip of Oshima-hanto Peninsula, which protrudes into Tsugaru Channel at the southern part of Hokkaido.
		Matsumae is the northernmost castle town in Japan and it has played a central role in Hokkaido pioneering in politics, culture and economics since Matsumae (Fukuyama) Castle was built in the 17th century.
		Matsumae Park, which has been created around the castle ruins, proudly boasts as many as 10,000 cherry trees in 250 varieties and is much loved by local people as a place for recreation and relaxation.
	www.jnto.go.jp /eng/location/regional/hokkaido/matumae.html (329 words)

	Hokkaido Prefecture - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Nihon-shoki is often said to be the first mention of Hokkaido in recorded history.
		According to Matsuura, the name was thought up because the Ainu called the region "Kai." In 1882, the Colonization Office was abolished, and Hokkaido was separated in to three prefectures, Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro.
		In 1869, Hokkaido was divided into 11 provinces and 86 districts.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hokkaido (1736 words)

	Ainu
		Hokkaido, one of Japan's four main islands, is 32,247 square miles (83,520 square kilometers)—comprising one-fifth of Japan.
		The Saru basin area in southeastern Hokkaido is a center of Ainu ancestral culture.
		At a meeting on the use of Hokkaido lands, Kayano stated that he would accept the Nibutani dam construction plan if only the salmon fishing rights be returned to the Nibutani Ainu in exchange for the destruction of their homes and fields.
	www.everyculture.com /wc/Japan-to-Mali/Ainu.html (2689 words)

	Edutraveller :: Places :: Hokkaido
		Hokkaido is the farthest north of the four main islands that make up Japan and a popular destination for Japanese tourists as well as foreigners.
		Hokkaido is the coldest part of Japan, and sees the most snow of any part of Japan (between four and six metres a year, more than almost any urban area in the world).
		Hokkaido is big and it can take a lot of time to get around it all, so if you are on a tight schedule you will have to prioritise what you want to see.
	www.edutraveller.com /jp/en/places/hokkaido.html (2357 words)

	Matsumae Town / Matsumae Park
		Matsumae, the northernmost castle town in Japan, is reminiscent of the Edo era in atmosphere.
		Matsumae Park, an incredibly vast park, is well known for its wide variety of beautifully blooming cherry blossoms.
		The Japanese cedars from Matsumae used in the construction of the bathhouse emit a wonderful aroma.
	kanko.pref.hokkaido.jp /flower/english/spot/02_matsumae/01.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		In the 16th century, the founder of the Matsumae clan began to build Fukuyama Castle, the forerunner of the present Matsumae Castle.
		It was completed six years later, in 1606, and called the Fukuyama Palace or manor house, because the Matsumae clan were not ranked as a feudal lords at that time.
		Takahiro Matsuyama requested of Ichigaku Ichikawa, a military engineer, that he design a castle, now called Matsumae Castle, which the shogunate had ordered built, and the castle was completed in 1854.
	www5.hokkaido-np.co.jp /kankohokkaido/English/dounan/e-matsumae.html (221 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The melange is composed of blocks of basalt, limestone, chert, siliceous shale, and sandstone that occur in a shale matrix (Matsumae, Tamdrigawa, and Kamiiso Groups).
		The melange is overlain by Lower Cretaceous andesitic lava, tuff and volcaniclastic rocks (Kumaneshiri and Rebun Groups) and is intruded by Early Cretaceous granodiorite, quartz monzonite, quartz diorite, tonalite, and adamellite (Matsumae, Daisenbongatake, and Yarappu massifs) that yield K-Ar ages of 90 to 130 Ma, and a Rb-Sr age of 126 Ma.
		The Oshima terrane is correlated with the Taukha terrane to the northwest in the Russian Southeast.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1999/of99-422/norpac/data/terranes/nor_pac/explanat/terranes/OS.txt (197 words)

	Hokkaido - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hokkaidō is one of 8 prefectures in Japan that are divided into subprefectures (the others being Tokyo Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture, Okinawa Prefecture, Kagoshima Prefecture, Miyazaki Prefecture and Shimane Prefecture).
		In the video game one of the missions occurs in Hokkaido.
		Hokkaido, History, Geography, Seismic Activity, National Parks and Quasi National Parks, Subprefectures, Climate, Major Cities, Economy, Transportation, In popular culture, See also, External links, References, Hokkaido region, Islands of Japan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Regions of Japan and Ainu.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Hokkaido_Prefecture (1363 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - Matsumae, Hokkaido
		Matsumae (松前町; -chou) is a town located in Matsumae District, Oshima, Hokkaido, Japan.
		The former home of the Matsumae Han, it has an Edo period castle, Matsumae Castle, unusual for Hokkaido.
		As of 2004, the town has an estimated population of 9,917 and a density of 33.84 persons per km²;.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/Matsumae%2C_Hokkaido (69 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - History of the Ainu people
		are the native inhabitants of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, and Sakhalin, the neighbouring part of Russia.
		It seems likely the modern Ainu culture grew out of a merger between the Ohotsk culture and the Satsumon Emishi as they were driven north, but the archaeological record has a gap of around 300 years between the last Ohotsk finds and the earliest Ainu- like ones in the 13th century.
		By the middle of the 15th century, Japanese refugees from internal strife in Tohoku had spread throughout the south of Hokkaido to a distance of 20 days travel along the coast each way from Matsumae, as far as Mukawa in the east and Yoichi in the north.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A724286 (997 words)

	Japan Mode(JMode.com)
		The sea of cherry trees is said to have begun with the trees brought from many places in Japan at times of alternate attendance.
		Matsumae Park is one of the prominent spots to view the best night blossoms in Hokkaido.
		The famous ramen noodles are even acknowledged as a Hokkaido Heritage, and many ramen stores compete in their tastes.
	www.jmode.com /japanguide/hokkaido_p.html (656 words)

	Hakodate travel guide - Wikitravel
		Enomoto was sentenced to a brief prison sentence, but was freed in 1872 and accepted a post as a government official in the newly renamed Hokkaido Land Agency.
		One of the first cities in Japan to be opened to trade, as Yokohama and Kobe there are some signs of foreign influence.
		Matsumae, an hour drive from Hakodate along the coast, has the only castle in Hokkaido, which is in Matsumae park, famed in southern Hokkaido (Minami Hokkaido) for excellent cherry blossom viewing in early April.
	wikitravel.org /en/Hakodate (1087 words)

	Historical Museum of Hokkaido / Theme 3 / Age of "Ezo"
		At the end of the 12th century, settlers from Honshu, called "Wajin," came to the southern part of Hokkaido and began a colony.
		The Matsumae clan won the conflict, and its domination over the Ainu was confirmed.
		Meanwhile, the Matsumae clan had begun entrusting the management of trade with the Ainu to merchants in exchange for a payment of a tax.
	www.hmh.pref.hokkaido.jp /english/E_jouten/E_THEME3/E_THEME3.HTM (479 words)

	Matsumae Castle
		In 1849 the The Tokugawa government commanded Matsumae Takahiro to build a castle to enhance the defenses of the area.
		The location of Matsumae Castle on the Southwesternmost tip of Hokkaido was a vital point for controlling the passage between Hokkaido and Honshu.
		Matsumae Castle is considered to be the last of the traditional Japanese castles.
	www.jcastle.info /castle/profile/77-Matsumae-Castle (160 words)

	[No title]
		Born - April 11, 1839 in the kami-yashiki (upper mansion) of the Matsumae clan in Edo [Tokyo].
		Nagakura’s father was Nagakura Kanji, a middle samurai of the Matsumae clan with a 150 koku stipend.
		In Matsumae Nagakura became the adopted son of the Sugimura family through marriage in 1870.
	www.shinsengumi-no-makoto.net /nagakura_shinpachi.htm (1411 words)

	ainu
		The display of a concern for “practical” liberties may appear to conflict with central ideologies of cultural (and, soon after, ethnic) hierarchies, but they are truly one and the same as such paternalistic assumptions reflect assumed ideological power structures.
		When the Tokugawa era government became interested in developing a strong presence in Hokkaido as prompted by impending Russian threat and the need to open a port for trade demanded by Western treaty, the Matsumae had already established rule over the area (Siddle 39).
		Indeed, the first official history of Hokkaido in 1918 states that the “responsibility of colonization of Hokkaido” was placed upon the Japanese because “no other superior race was in contact with the Ezo” (Weiner 113).
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~copeland/ainu.html (3513 words)

	Articles - Urup (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The island was originally within the fief of the Matsumae clan, before coming under the control of the Hokkaido regional government.
		The island officially became Russian territory in 1855, with a treaty that established a border at the strait between Urup and Etorofu, but was traded back to Japan twenty years later in exchange for Sakhalin Island.
		It was during this time that the island came under the administration of the Hokkaido prefectural authorities, and the Ainu were forced out.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/Urup (275 words)

	Hokkaido GURURI-TABI! - Hokkaido Tourist Association
		Inside of the castle is Matsumae Castle Museum, which has an exhibition of materials such as armors, clothes, etc. from feudal domain period.
		In the premises, there are "Matsumae-han Yashiki (Matsumae feudal domain residence)", which is a replica of the town in Matsumae feudal domain period, and 8,000 cherry blossoms of over 250 kinds.
		Okushiri is a city recoverd from Southwestern-off Hokkaido earthquake, and has various monuments for it.
	www.visit-hokkaido.jp /en/kihonjoho/hayawakari/donan.html (749 words)

	Flower Book/Cherry trees
		Ezoyamazakura (a kind of wild cherry) is a typically seen flower in Hokkaido.
		They are planted in parks and gardens and also grow naturally in the wild.
		Their flowers may be dark- or pale-colored, and bloom all at once around as branches start to show buds.
	kanko.pref.hokkaido.jp /flower/english/hanagoyomi/zukan03.html (46 words)

	Robin Beck: Nichiren Image at Hokkeji in Matsumae
		It is thought that [he] crossed the Tsugaru Straits on to Ezo (Hokkaido) where he is...
		The statue is evidently kept in the Founder's Hall of the Pagoda at Hokke-ji Temple, located in Esashi Town, Matsumae District of Hokkaido.
		The original Matsumae Hokke-ji Temple is said to have been founded by Nichiji Shonin, who was one of Nichiren's six {6} designated successors.
	www.fraughtwithperil.com /blogs/rbeck/archives/001078.html (481 words)

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