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Topic: Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Matthias
		Gospel to barbarians and cannibals in the interior of Ethiopia, at the harbour of the sea of Hyssus, at the mouth of the river Phasis.
		Matthias consolidated his position by alliances with the dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, with the Swiss Confederation, and the archbishop of Salzburg, and was from that point the greatest potentate in central Europe.
		Matthias was a middle-sized, broad-shouldered man of martial bearing, with a large fleshy nose, hair reaching to his heels, and the clean-shaven, heavy chinned face of an early Roman emperor.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Matthias (274 words)

	Matthias
		Matthias, Holy Roman emperor, son of the emperor Maximilian II and Maria, daughter of the emperor Charles V, was born in Vienna, on the 24th of February 1557.
		Matthias was appointed governor of Austria in 1593 by his brother, the emperor Rudolph II; and two years later, when another brother, the Archduke Ernest, died, he became a person of more importance as the eldest surviving brother of the unmarried emperor.
		Already king of Hungary and Bohemia, however, Matthias obtained the remaining hereditary dominions of the Habsburgs, and in June 1612 was crowned emperor, although the ecclesiastical electors favored his younger brother, the archduke Albert (1559-1621).
	www.nndb.com /people/381/000096093 (896 words)

	The Almanach de Holy Roman Empire , The History and Structure of The Holy Roman Empire of The German Nation .
		Frederick II, 1194—1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220—50) and German king (1212—20), king of Sicily (1197—1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229—50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of Constance, heiress of Sicily.
		Charles V, 1500—1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519—58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516—56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy.
		The emperor was crowned by either the archbishop of Mainz or that of Trier, depending on the diocese in which the ceremony took place (in 1742, the archbishop of Cologne, brother of Emperor Karl VII, officiated with the consent of the archbishop of Mainz).
	almanachdeholyromanempire.com (17549 words)

	Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (1578-1637)
		Ferdinand II, Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) 1590-1637, King of Bohemia 1617-1619 and 1620-1637, King of Hungary 1618-1625, and Holy Roman Emperor 1619-1637, was b.
		9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria, the son of Charles II (1540-1590), Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I.
		Ferdinand succeeded his cousin Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619 and reigned during the first part of the Thirty Years' War.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/F468.html (388 words)

	Central Europe (including Germany), 1400–1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		Holy Roman Emperors struggle with increasing difficulty to control their territorial holdings—the boundaries of which continue to expand until the late sixteenth century—in the face of opposition from local princes and foreign threats, especially France and the Ottoman Turks.
		Frederick of Habsburg, duke of Styria, is elected emperor in 1440.
		Emperor Charles V rejects the Confession, and tensions between the Catholic emperor and Protestant princes persist until a temporary settlement is reached in 1555.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/euwc/ht08euwc.htm (2686 words)

	Hapsburg. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Albert V of Austria, married to a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, succeeded him as king of Bohemia and Hungary and was chosen (1438) German king as Albert II.
		Though Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III raised (1453) Austria to an archduchy and acquired (1471) Fiume, he had to struggle to maintain the Hapsburg realms during his constant warfare against Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary and Bohemia.
		On the death of Charles Albert of Bavaria, Holy Roman emperor as Charles VII (1742–45), the imperial title was bestowed on Archduchess Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis, grand duke of Tuscany and former duke of Lorraine, who became Francis I.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ha/Hapsburg.html (1221 words)

	Matthias. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1557–1619, Holy Roman emperor (1612–19), king of Bohemia (1611–17) and of Hungary (1608–18), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II.
		In the same year Matthias was recognized as head of the house of Hapsburg and as future Holy Roman emperor, as a result of Rudolf’s illness.
		After Matthias’s accession as Holy Roman emperor, his policy was dominated by Klesl, who hoped to bring about a compromise between Catholic and Protestant states within the empire in order to strengthen it.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Matthias.html (339 words)

	George of Podebrad - Encyclopedia.com
		Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III invested him with the kingdom in 1459.
		In 1466, however, Pope Paul II excommunicated George, declared him deposed, and enlisted the aid of the emperor and of Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, against him.
		Matthias won Moravia and most of Silesia and Lusatia; in 1469 the Catholic party in Bohemia proclaimed Matthias king.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-GeorgePo.html (433 words)

	::Holy Roman Empire::
		However, by 1600 the Holy Roman Empire was a mere shadow of its former glory.
		But by 1600, a better term for the area would have been "Germanies" as the heart of the Holy Roman Empire had become split into a mass of princes and states who since the time of Luther had done what they could to extend their independence and power at the expense of the emperor.
		To the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian, though a Catholic, appeared to be a rival.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /holy_roman_empire_30YW.htm (1650 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 11205
		Matthias von Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor was born in 1557.
		She married Matthias von Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Maximilian II von Habsburg, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria von Habsburg, Infanta de España, in 1611.
		She married Ferdinand II von Österreich, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Karl II Erzherzog von Österreich and Maria Prinzessin von Bayern, in 1622.
	www.thepeerage.com /p11205.htm (1370 words)

	Matthias \| Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire
		Matthias (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) of the House of Habsburg reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of Bohemia from 1611-1617.
		Matthias was born in the Austrian capital of Vienna to Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain.
		In the same year Matthias was recognized as head of the House of Habsburg and as the future Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of Rudolf's illness.
	xtimeline.com /history/Kingdom-of-Italy-within-the-Holy-Roman-Empire-(962/Matthias (380 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Bohemian War
		One of the motivations for the rebel’s acts was undoubtedly fear that Matthias would soon be replaced on the throne by Ferdinand of Styria, the future Emperor Ferdinand II.
		The Emperor, meanwhile, was attempting to procure mediation of the dispute by the Protestant Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony, the Catholic Archbishop Elector of Mainz and the Catholic Duke of Bavaria, Maximillian.
		Emperor Matthias II died in 20 March 1619 at Vienna.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Bohemian_Phase.htm (2245 words)

	Timeline Holy Roman Empire
		1036-1056 Henry III ruled the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from Hamburg and Bremen in the north to the instep of Italy to the south, Burgundy in the west, and Hungary and Poland to the east.
		The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany.
		1640 Jun 9, Leopold I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1658-1705), was born.
	timelines.ws /countries/HOLY_ROMAN_EMP.HTML (3039 words)

	MSN Encarta - Romania
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559516/Romania.html (1012 words)

	[No title]
	www.rotravel.com /romania/history/cap1.php (262 words)

	Romania - VisitEurope.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.visiteurope.com /romania.html (285 words)

	Romania
	flagspot.net /flags/ro.html (1633 words)

	ICL - Romania - Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ro00000_.html (10035 words)

	Government of Romania (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.gov.ro /engleza (2233 words)

	Southeastern Europe Country Analysis Brief
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/romania.html (2575 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Europe - ROMANIA
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/eur/romania!Open (1613 words)

	Romania
	travel.state.gov /travel/romania.html (2499 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (14386 words)

	ROMANIA - Official Travel and Tourism Information. History
	www.romaniatourism.com /history.html (1110 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Country profile: Romania
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1057466.stm (887 words)

	ICL - Romania Index (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ro__indx.html (672 words)

	Romania News
	www.topix.net /world/romania (1122 words)

	Romania Special Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/romania (162 words)

	Romania Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/europe/romania (190 words)

	Romania - In Your Pocket (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.inyourpocket.com /Romania/index.shtml (354 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Romania (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ro.html (1432 words)

	Romania Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online
	www.lib.utexas.edu /maps/romania.html (149 words)

	Romania News - Media Monitoring Service by EIN News (Site not responding. Last check: )
	www.einnews.com /romania (675 words)

	romania map and information page
	www.worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/europe/ro.htm (412 words)

	Ethnologue report for Romania
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=Romania (442 words)

	USAID Europe and Eurasia: Romania
	www.usaid.gov /locations/europe_eurasia/countries/ro (502 words)

	Romania : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/rotoc.html (187 words)

	WTO \| Romania - Member information
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/countries_e/romania_e.htm (192 words)

	About Romania - Location, Flag, Map, Weather, Transportation
	www.phpclasses.org /browse/country/ro (91 words)

	Worldroots.com
		1273 Hapsburg, Rudolf I of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
		1400 Wittelsbach, Rupert III of the Palatinate, Holy Roman Emperor
		1493 Habsburg, Maximilian I of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
	worldroots.com /brigitte/romanemperors.htm (201 words)

	Kolozsvár
		The Rumanian authorities, in a pursuit of their dream of being the descendants of the Romans, they renamed Kolozsvár to Napoca, after the ancient town from the are of the Roman Empire.
		On 23 February, 1440, Matthias Hunyadi, son of János Hunyadi, was born in Kolozsvár.
		The sculpture, by János Fadrusz, was erected in 1902 and stands in the front of the Saint Michael church on the main square of Kolozsvár.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /hungary/kolozsv.html (785 words)

	::Bohemia::
		Rudolf II, as the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor, wanted to remove the Protestants from the region but this was an impossible task.
		In return for his support, Matthias was crowned King of Bohemia and from 1611 to 1616, there was relative peace in the region.
		In March 1619, Matthias died and Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /Bohemia_30YW.htm (1337 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) never achieved the political unification that France did; a prolonged attempt at centralizing authority starting with Maximilian I (1493-1519) was wrecked by the Reformation and the ensuing wars, culminating with the Thirty Years War (1618-48) and the Treaty of Westphalia (1648).
		The Emperor had to be a worthy man, aged 18 or more, reside in the Empire, be of noble birth (all four grandparents had to be noble, according to the Schwabenspiegel), and of lay status (this was not explicitly stated).
		That is, he was "emperor elect": a term that did not imply that he was emperor-in-waiting or not yet fully emperor, but only that he was emperor by virtue of the election rather than papal coronation (by tradition, the style of rex Romanorum electus was retained between the election and the German coronation).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11305 words)

	The Austrian Imperial Regalia, Vienna - Experiences, Tourism, and Things to Do - IgoUgo
		Although the regalia and insignia of the Holy Roman Empire are doubtless the historical more significant, the regalia of the Austrian Empire (1804-1918) in the first rooms of the museum sparkles too.
		Franz II realized the Holy Roman Empire was unlikely to survive Napoleon’s grand plans for Europe and had himself crowned Franz I of the new Austrian Empire.
		The fleur-de-lis symbolize royalty (Rudolf II was king of Bohemia and of Hungary), the arch reminds of the crown of the Holy Roman Empire (Rudolf was emperor from 1576 to 1612), and the golden mitre reminds that the emperor ruled by the grace of God.
	www.igougo.com /travelcontent/JournalEntryFreeForm.aspx?ReviewID=1215139 (597 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
		The on-going struggle between these families and the intervention of the papacy drastically weakened the empire, culminating in the "Age of the Princes" in Germany and the "Great Interregnum" in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

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