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Topic: Maulana Azad

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	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Azad was one of the main organizers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1931, and would emerge as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism.
		Azad initially evoked surprise and suspicion from other revolutionaries, who were skeptical of Muslim commitment to their cause, but Azad won their praise and confidence by working secretly to organize revolutionaries activities and meetings in Bengal, Bihar as well as in the western port city of Mumbai (then Bombay).
		Azad's persuasion was instrumental in obtaining the approval of Muslim representatives to end the communal electorates, and was a forceful advocate of enshrining the principle of secularism, religious freedom and equality for all Indians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maulana_Abul_Kalam_Azad (5038 words)

	Articles - ...
		Maulana Azad not only reminded the Muslims of their duty concerning the revival of Islam, he also took the initiative in 1913 to practically launch a movement on the basis of bai´yah - by organizing an Islamic party, the Hizbullah.
		Maulana Maududi´s virtual indifference to the spiritual side of Islam meant that this vital element was conspicuously low in his movement from the beginning, and, in our opinion, it was this very shortcoming which later proved instrumental in the degeneration of the Jama´at from an ideal Islamic revivalist movement to a mere political party.
		However, since Maulana Maududi himself was inclined towards the system of bai´yah, this contradiction in the Jama´at´s organizational structure led to a continuos tension for a period of 15 years, ultimately erupting in the crisis of 1956-57 and causing a great deal of damage to the whole movement.
	www.tanzeem.org /resources/articles/printarticle.asp?id=132 (4681 words)

	Maulana Azad College - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maulana Azad College is located in central Calcutta, West Bengal.
		Maulana Azad College was founded on 9 December 1926 by Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton, then Governor of Bengal.
		Later in 1960 the college was renamed Maulana Azad College in memory of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maulana_Azad_College (171 words)

	DAWN - Features; December 11, 2002
		Maulana Azad thought it proper to bring to light the unpublished verses of Mirza Ghalib in Al-Hilal in three instalments in 1914 and took the Urdu world by storm.
		Maulana Azad has recounted in one of his articles that even when he got a jail term in Delhi he imagined that he should get the same room in which Ghalib was imprisoned.
		It is a pity that Maulana Azad’s writings on Ghalib were not given due attention because of the fact that greater attention was paid to his political and religious writings and it was easier to ignore the story of Ghalib’s transmigration into Maulana Azad.
	www.dawn.com /2002/12/11/fea.htm (1999 words)

	The American Muslim (TAM)
		Azad terms this relationship between the Muslim mystic and the Hindu man a manifestation of divine love, adding that through this Sarmad was able to reach the realm of truth which is far beyond what Azad described as empty debates on �belief� and �disbelief�.
		Azad�s faith in the essential oneness of humankind and of all religions stemmed essentially from the Sufi concept of wahdat-al-wujud or �The Unity of Existence�.
		As Azad put it in his commentary of the Quran, the Tarjuman-al Quran: “The Quran states that the difference which exist between one religion and another are not differences in deen, the basic spirit of religion, but simply in its outward form�.
	theamericanmuslim.org /tam.php/features/articles/for_india_and_islam_maulana_azads_vision_of_religious_pluralism (1400 words)

	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, , Legends, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad profile, The relative neglect of his tomb suggests that ...
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,, Legends, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad profile, The relative neglect of his tomb suggests that many Indian Muslims may have lost interest in keeping his memory alive..., Heros,, Legends, Gurus, Ustaad, Personality, by Prof.
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad's mausoleum before the Jama Masjid in Delhi, on the other hand, is not greatly frequented.
		More importantly, a point is that the Maulana embodied in his position and person perhaps the most important symbol of the Congress aspiration to be a nationalist party.
	www.4to40.com /legends/index.asp?article=legends_maulanaazad (1033 words)

	Partition of India and the Creation of Pakistan: The account of Maulana Azad in India Wins Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Maulana Azad was the President of the Congress party during some of the most eventful and pivotal years in the modern history of the subcontinent.
		Maulana Azad was able to persuade the Congress Working Committee to accept Lord Wavell's plan, which consisted of the idea that the British would decisively tackle the issue of Indian independence after the war.
		Maulana Azad was the president of the Congress from 1939-1946, some of the most tumultuous and critical segments of India's independence struggle.
	www.globalwebpost.com /farooqm/writings/other/azad/india_wins.htm (9578 words)

	HardNews - A history of prescience
		Azad's greatest regret was that while the party that spearheaded the freedom struggle treated him as a worthy guide and pathfinder, his own community showered upon him the worst abuses.
		That Maulana had learnt his politics from his faith in Islam is clearly spelt out in the columns of Al-Hilal, and especially in the statement he made when he was arrested and tried in the court of the Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta.
		The Maulana's address to the 1940 session is an elaborate exposition of the concept of composite culture and united nationalism.
	www.hardnewsmedia.com /nov2004/remembrance.php (1421 words)

	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Multifaith Perspective
		Maulana Azad refused to contest election from Rampur in 1952 parliamentary elections as it was Muslim majority constituency saying he was not representing Muslims alone in the Parliament.
		Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, one of the youngest president of the Congress party was a symbol of Hindu-Muslim unity who played a significant role in building modern India.....
		Maulana Azad was a strong supporter of Jawaharlal Nehru, whom he felt could best communicate to young Muslims and develop a secular system of government.
	taher.freeservers.com /Azad.htm (988 words)

	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
		Azad was arrested in 1930 for violation of the salt laws as part of Gandhhiji's Salt Satyagraha.
		According to Azad partition was against the grain of the Indian culture which did not believe in "divorce before marriage." Partition shattered his dream of an unified nation where the Hindu and Muslim faiths would learn to co-exist in harmony.
		Maulana Azad served as the Minister of Education in Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet from 1947 to 1958.
	www.liveindia.com /freedomfighters/5.html (493 words)

	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad : A Revolutionary Journalist by Syed Muzammiluddin
		Maulana Azad, as it can be inferred from his above quoted statement, was a strong campaigner of peace and a vociferous freedom fighter.
		Under Maulana Azad's tenure, a number of measures were undertaken to promote primary and secondary education, scientific education, establishment of universities and promotion of avenues of research and higher studies.
		Maulana Azad National Urdu University was established at Hyderabad by an Act of Parliament in 1998 for the promotion of Higher Education with Urdu as the medium of instruction.
	www.boloji.com /people/04007.htm (1113 words)

	Moulana Azad College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Moulana Azad College inherits a history of progressive development since December 9, 1926, when Islamia College was founded by Lord Lytton, the then Governor of Bengal, as a culmination of sustained efforts of contemporary Muslim leaders like A. Fazul Haq, Syed Nawad Ali Choudhury and Sir Abdul Rahim.
		In 1960, the college was renamed Maulana Azad College in memory of the great national leader and eminent scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
		Maulana Azad College is a premier institution located in the heart of the city of Calcutta.
	www.maulanaazadcollege.org (254 words)

	Maulana Kalam Azad
		What is surprising is how a man of Azad's stature has been submerged beneath the rationalisation of the victors -- the founders of Pakistan -- in our own country.
		Azad was the Mir-i- Karawan (the caravan leader), said Nehru.
		Essentially a thinker and the chief exponent of Wahdat-i-deen or the essential oneness of all religions, Azad played around with a variety of ideas on religion, state and civil society.
	www.india-today.com /itoday/millennium/100people/azad.html (1004 words)

	Was Maulana Azad treated fairly?, The Milli Gazette, Vol.5 No.06, MG100 (16-31 Mar 04)
		If we examine Azad's political career, we realise that undoubtedly he was very successful in synthesizing Muslims and Hindus, and he had very sublime ideas, that he embellished brilliantly with his deep understanding of the Islamic sources.
		It is well known that after 1947 Azad was a totally crushed man. The first government in independent India completely marginalised him, giving him only the education portfolio in the Indian cabinet, and shutting him out of the programme to build the new nation.
		Azad, the great Indian Muslim who epitomized Indian nationalism, who interpreted Islamic scriptures to prove that Muslims and Hindus can form a viable pluralistic nation, was allowed to stand for election only from Muslim majority towns.
	www.milligazette.com /Archives/2004/16-31Mar04-Print-Edition/1603200440.htm (660 words)

	ASIANaffairs
		Cast in the language spoken by Azad, a somewhat literal Urdu heavily coloured by Persian, it was no mean task to communicate entertainingly a theme with which we are not only familiar but darn near bored and that too couched in a lingo long dead as communication.
		Maulana Azad was the minister for Education in the post independence cabinet, and thus witness to the horrors of the Partition of India, a division he fought tooth and nail against.
		Azad did the holy pilgrimage to Mecca and earned the title of Maulana at the age of 16.
	asianaffairs.com /dec_2004/art.htm (1023 words)

	THE 1998 MAULANA AZAD MEMORIAL LECTURE DELIVERED BY CHIEF JUSTICE ISMAIL MAHOMED IN NEW DELHI ON 14 DECEMBER 1998
		To speak in the memory of Abul Kalam Azad is to pay homage to a great man, a gifted writer, an eloquent orator, a deep thinker, a committed Islamic scholar, a versatile political philosopher and a courageous soul.
		In the case of Abul Kalam Azad it was an article of faith compelled by his conception of God himself in that magnificent commentary in Tarjuman-al-Quran.
		It was the basic temper which informed the crusading journalism of Azad, the passionate scepticism of Nehru, and the magic of Gandhiji in identifying unerringly the very pulse of India in the struggle against foreign rule.
	www.law.wits.ac.za /sca/speeches/india.html (4060 words)

	Maulana Azad - The Architect of India's Freedom
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad is, by any reckoning, a major figure in twentieth-century Indian History.
		After the Muslim League's Lahore Resolution of 1940, which committed the party to the demand for Pakistan, Azad became a target of attack; as a symbol of those Muslims who wanted a united India, he was an obvious irritant to the Muslim League, which claimed to speak for all Muslims in the country.
		The major concern of Azad's life was the revival and reform of the Indian Muslims in all aspects of life, and his political hopes for them were within this context.
	salam.muslimsonline.com /babri/azad1.htm (1027 words)

	FreeIndia.Org - India Site dedicated to freedom movement, education, culture, - Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Apart from his contribution to the Indian National struggle, Maulana Azad was also an out- spoken champion of nationalism and progressiveness in all spheres of Indian life.
		The Maulana remained in the forefront of the national struggled and was imprisoned on several occasions for long periods.
		Maulana Azad was the spokesman of Congress and conducted talks with Sir Stafford cripps in 1942 and with Lord Wavell in the Simla conference in 1945.
	www.freeindia.org /dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=534 (736 words)

	IMC-USA AWARDS 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Maulana Abul Kalam Mohiuddin Ahmad Azad, one of the greatest sons of modern India was the president of the Indian National Congress during the most crucial period in the Indian freedom struggle, from 1940 to 1946.
		The reason for this was that Maulana Azad was the only Indian leader of stature who opposed partition till the very end; he was probably the only Indian statesman with a guilt-free conscience while all the others looked on in horror at the bloodbath that followed the partition.
		Azad joined the Khilafat movement under the dynamic leadership of Maulana Mohammed Ali Jowhar and Shaukhat Ali, and convinced Gandhi and the Congress to support it as a means of fostering Hindu-Muslim cooperation against the British.
	www.imc-usa.org /convention2004/awards.htm (4661 words)

	VIRASAT - National Folk Life Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, one of the tallest of India’s freedom fighters, can well be described as today’s forgotten Indian.
		Bold, blasé and definitely the storehouse of knowledge, Maulana Azad was a polymath in the true sense of the word.
		During the conversation, Azad talks about several other issues that are as varied as the white jasmine tea that he loved, to his thoughts on the Taj Mahal, cigarettes, music and Mecca.
	www.virasat.com /theatre.html (1418 words)

	Page Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Since Maulana Azad's father had no faith in western education, he was educated at home by his father and by private tutors.
		Students who followed the traditional system of education normally finished their course at the age between twenty and twenty-five, but Azad managed to complete the course by the time he was just sixteen, and his father got together some fifteen students to whom he taught higher philosophy, mathematics and logic.
		After his release Azad was elected President of the All India Khilfat Committee (at the Calcutta session, 1920), and of the Unity Conference at Delhi in 1924.
	www.theawaz.com /islam/page18.html (729 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		Maulana Azad thought it proper to bring to light the unpublished verses of Mirza Ghalib in Al-Hilal in three installments in 1914 and took the Urdu world by storm.
		Maulana became so enamored of Ghalib that the best compliment which could get an affirmative nod from him was “Maulana, you are very much like Ghalib.
		He also supports his contention that Ghalib’s family, particularly the House of Loharu, was pro-British and Ghalib’s association with Azurda and Maulana Fazlul Haq Khairabadi, whose brother Munshi Fazle-Azeem was a Deputy Collector and two of his relatives were serving with the British resident, were also close to the British.
	www.pakistanlink.com /letters/2002/Dec/20/04.html (1090 words)

	Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Literacy Awards, The Milli Gazette, Vol.5 No.01, MG125 (1-15 Apr 05)
		Describing Maulana Azad as a great protagonist of Hindu-Muslim unity, Chatterjee said Maulana was instrumental in establishing a secular and socialist India.
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Literacy Award for promoting education amongst the educationally backward minorities is a tribute to the memory of late Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to his life-long dedication to the cause of education and his services as the first central education minister of Independent India.
		Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Literacy Award is administered by the Maulana Azad Education Foundation, New Delhi.
	www.milligazette.com /Archives/2005/01-15Apr05-Print-Edition/011504200576.htm (1803 words)

	:: Indian national congress - Past Presidents :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The publication of the Al-Balagh was also banned by the Government of Bengal and Maulana Azad was exiled from Calcutta under the Defence of India Regulations..
		After the leaders were released Maulana Azad, as the President of the Congress, led the negotiations with the British Cabinet Mission in 1946, and when India became independent he was appointed Education Minister, a position in which he continued till his death on February 22, 1958.
		He was in the Congress, and was considered a party-man. Thus whatever he said about the unity of religion was taken by many Muslims, who used to read, him, as the reflection of his political ideas, and, therefore, had to be discarded.
	www.aicc.org.in /maulana_abul_kalam_azad.htm (891 words)

	Gujarat censor board bans Maulana Azad play- The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		While the rest of the play is in Urdu, this line is in English because Mr Alam, who thought that it might prove controversial, wanted to use it verbatim from Azad's book to ensure that no new shade of meaning crept in through translation.
		Azad himself opposed Partition to the very end and did not give his assent when the Congress Working Committee passed the historic resolution on the same.He issued a statement saying that history would hold the Congress and not the Muslim League responsible for Partition.
		"Both the ICCR and Sangeet Natak Akademi were set up by Maulana Azad when he was education minister, but when I wrote to them asking for help with the play, neither institute even bothered to reply to my letter," he says.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=284088 (482 words)

	Space crunch bane for Maulana Azad
		Despite being one of the oldest and renowned colleges of the city, the Maulana Azad College has failed to expand owing to a space crunch.
		Maulana Azad College is one of the renowned and old Government colleges of Kolkata.
		In 1960, the Central Calcutta College was renamed as the Maulana Azad College commemorating the great national leader and scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
	cities.expressindia.com /fullstory.php?newsid=171798 (652 words)

	Egypt: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Center for Indian Culture in Egypt, Egypt
		A symbol of the pluralistic and secular ethics of India, Abul Kalam Azad laid the basis for independent India's educational and cultural policies and contributed significantly to the foundation of the centers for scientific and cultural methods of inquiry.
		Maulana Azad had a special interest in cultural exchanges with other civilizations and nations.
		The Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Center for Indian Culture is located at 23 Talaat Harb St in downtown Cairo (5- minute walk from Tahrir, 15-minute walk from the Egyptian Museum).
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/india.htm (1065 words)

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