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	Mauna Loa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mauna Loa is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii.
		Mauna Loa is a shield volcano, meaning that its slopes are shallow because its lava is extremely fluid (it has low viscosity).
		Mauna Loa is a Decade Volcano, which means it has been identified as worthy of particular research in light of its frequent eruptions and proximity to populated areas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mauna_Loa (2624 words)

	Mauna Loa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mauna Loa is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five volcanic peaks that together form the Island of Hawaii.
		The elevation and location of Mauna Loa have made it an important location for atmospheric and other scientific observations.
		The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory has long been prominent in observations of the Sun.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/m/ma/mauna_loa.html (146 words)

	Mauna Loa
		Mauna Loa is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands which forms the core of the island of Hawaii.
		The altitude and location of Mauna Loa have made it an important location for atmospheric and other scientific observations.
		The most interesting are the volcanoes of Kamtschatka, in which there is an oft-renewed struggle between opposing forces--the snow and glaciers predominating for a while, to be in their turn overpowered by torrents of liquid fire.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mauna_Loa.html (706 words)

	SolarNews The Electronic Newsletter of the Solar Physics Division American Astronomical Society Volume 1999 Number 22
		The current deadline for submitting observing proposals to the National Solar Observatory is 15 October 1999 for the first quarter of 2000.
		This instrument which was state of the art at its inception remained unrivaled outside of MLSO in its ability to produce high time cadence images of the solar corona.
		The institute's reseach activities cover various areas of solar system research, among them are the physics of the solar atmosphere, the solar wind, the sun-earth relationship and planetary and cometary atmospheres and surfaces.
	helios.tuc.noao.edu /SolarNews/1999/19991017.html (2227 words)

	Chapter 21: Our Star, the Sun
		We are presently collaborating with the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak at Sunspot, New Mexico, and the Kanzelhohe Solar Observatory of the Institute of Geophysics, Astrophysics and Meteorology at the University of Graz, Austria.
		After its launch on Dec. 2, 1995, SOHO revolutionized solar science by its special ability to observe simultaneously the interior and atmosphere of the Sun, and particles in the solar wind and the Sun's outer atmosphere.
		The European Space Agency is planning to replace the four Cluster satellites to study the solar wind that were lost in an explosion during launch in 1996.
	www.williams.edu /Astronomy/jay/ETU5/chapter21_5th.html (4472 words)

	NASA - Spacecraft Pick up Earthly Aurora
		Bottom Left: The LASCO instrument on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) eclipses the Sun to reveal a CME leaving the Sun and heading toward Earth on Friday, Sept. 9.
		Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) -- associated giant clouds of plasma in space -- are the largest explosions in the solar system and can pack the force of a billion megaton nuclear bombs.
		Dramatic solar activity is getting increasingly rare as we enter into the quiet period of the Sun's eleven-year cycle of activity.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/sept_aurora.html (557 words)

	SolarMax Resources for Educators
		The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory team generates this daily index of pages of the latest solar images both from its satellite and from other observatories around the world.
		This image shows the "butterfly diagram," a figure that tracks the location of sunspots during the solar cycle, resulting in a pattern that resembles a butterfly's wings as the sunspots migrate equatorward on the Sun near solar maximum.
		Yohkoh soft x-ray images taken over nearly a solar cycle show the startling difference in the appearance of the Sun between solar minimum (the dark, inactive Sun on the right) and solar maximum (the bright Sun on the left covered with active regions).
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /istp/outreach/solarmax/teach.html (847 words)

	Looking towards Mauna Kea volcano from Mauna Loa Solar Observatory
		Mauna Loa Solar Observtory, with snow-capped Mauna Kea volcano in background.
		The Big Island of Hawaii is made up of five volcanoes, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea.
		Mauna Kea means "White Mountain" in Hawaiian and is Hawaii's tallest volcano.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov /archive/spotlight_images/mlso_mkeaBack.html (87 words)

	Top Story - SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS FROM NASA'S SUN-EARTH CONNECTION FOR 2002 Page Two - February 2003
		Plasma flows with the solar wind around the perimeter of the Earth's magnetic field and then returns through the interior of the system in a closed pair of flow cells.
		Like snowflakes, solar flares that blast off from the Sun are typically distinct, which made this November 2000 event very unusual.
		The solar cycle varies with the amount of sunspots and associated faculae on the Sun.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /topstory/2002solar2.html (799 words)

	The Solar Corona
		As we shall discuss further in the section on the solar wind, the coronal holes are regions where the magnetic field lines of the Sun are open, allowing coronal gas to flow outward into space and producing the solar wind.
		The left image was obtained during a period of high solar activity and the right during a period of relatively low solar activity.
		The extremely high temperature of the corona is thought to be associated with effects of the solar magnetic field, which can store and transport energy from lower regions of the Sun to the corona.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/sun/corona.html (522 words)

	ILP - Latest Solar Images & Data
		CGRO BATSE solar flare database at the SDAC
		The Mees Solar Observatory of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, located on top of Haleakala: white-light, Ca II K, and Stokes polarimeter images
		The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) of the High Altitude Observatory (HAO): current prominence monitor and white-light Mk.
	members.fortunecity.com /ilp2000/sitepages/ilpsolarlatestimages.htm (775 words)

	NOAO Scientific Staff
		He has installed two PSPT in struments, one at the Observatory of Rome in Italy and another at Mauna Loa Solar Observatory in Hawaii.
		This is the initial process for building a database spanning a solar cycle for studies of the total solar irradiance variations observed from satellite experiments.
		In the short term, Lin is interested in using these data for studying the energy balance of active regions and the continuum contrast of faculae and network elements; he will also search for brightness structures that may be related to large scale flow on the Sun.
	www.noao.edu /noao/scistaff/lin.html (360 words)

	Real-time and Near-real-time Solar Image Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Space Environment Center (SEC) provides real-time monitoring and forecasting of solar and geophysical events. An ongoing analysis of the sun is important in combining current data, climatological statistics, and relevant research results to formulate predictions of solar and geophysical activity.
		Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) H-Alpha disk and limb composite images and Mark III K-Coronameter data from Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, Hawaii.
		Solar Data Analysis Center (SDAC) NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Current full disk magnetograms and Helium 10830 images from Kitt Peak, the current x-ray image from GOES 12 satellite, Ca II K spectroheliograms from NSO-Sac Peak, and HAO Mk.III coronagraph images.
	www.sel.noaa.gov /solar_sites.html (519 words)

	JATO observatory
		The images on the bottom row are provided by the Stanford Solar Center, The National Solar Observatory and Mauna Loa Solar Observatory.
		Currently 3 types of solar filters are used at the JAT Observatory for imaging and observing the sun:
		This filter (like all solar filters) should be inspected before every use for cracks, scratches and pinholes in the coatings.
	www.jatobservatory.org /solarviewing.html (991 words)

	SolarNews The Electronic Newsletter of the Solar Physics Division American Astronomical Society
		All the key ground-based instruments of solar, solar-terrestrial, and geophysical observations from various institutes in Chinese Academy and other organizations will be operated in the campaigns.
		In addition, full disk magnetograms from the MDI instrument on SOHO are obtained at a regular cadence that permits studies of the evolution of photospheric fields, which should play a crucial role in the conditions that lead to plasma and magnetic field ejection.
		The High Altitude Observatory (HAO) is pleased to announce several updates to HAO's Mauna Loa and Solar Maximum web pages.
	helios.tuc.noao.edu /SolarNews/1998/19980901.html (1460 words)

	Solar Images -- some more observatories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Because observatories on the ground have to deal with clouds and other kinds of weather, some observatories aren't able to make solar images every day.
		Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, in Hawaii (operated by the High Altitude Observatory, Colorado, United States).
		Big Bear Solar Observatory, in California (operated by the New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, United States).
	solar.physics.montana.edu /YPOP/Spotlight/Today/more_observatories.html (245 words)

	[No title]
		H-alpha image: Improved Solar Observing Optical Network (ISOON) project is a collaboration between the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the National Solar Observatory.
		Continuum 630.3 nm image: Improved Solar Observing Optical Network (ISOON) project is a collaboration between the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the National Solar Observatory.
		Continuum Subtracted He1083.0 nm Image:: Improved Solar Observing Optical Network (ISOON) project is a collaboration between the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate and the National Solar Observatory.
	polaris.umuc.edu /~sdsilva/Sun/current_sun0.html (588 words)

	[No title]
		The Haleakala Stokes Polarimeter (HSP) at Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii, measures the polarization of an absorption line in the solar spectrum, and uses the polarization data to map the vector magnetic field in the solar photosphere.
		The Imaging Vector Magnetograph (IVM) at Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii measures the polarization of an absorption line in the solar spectrum, and uses the polarization data to map the vector magnetic field in the solar photosphere.
		The Mees CCD Imaging Spectrograph (MCCD) at Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii records the spectrum of all points in a region, repetitively over time.
	polaris.umuc.edu /~sdsilva/Sun/current_sun1.html (384 words)

	Solar Images & Data
		Solar Data Analysis Center at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
		National Solar Observatory / Kitt Peak -- Images of full disk magnetograms and helium 10830s from the Kitt Peak McMath Solar Observatory.
		Mees Solar Observatory in Hawaii -- White light, calcium-K, and Stokes magnetograms.
	solar-center.stanford.edu /about/data.html (340 words)

	NASA - Huge Solar Flares Continue
		Top Left:The LASCO instrument on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) eclipses the Sun to reveal a CME leaving the Sun and heading toward Earth on Friday, Sept. 9.
		Bottom Right: Wednesday's enormous X-17 flare is visible on the left side of this solar image taken by the Earth-orbiting GOES Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI).
		Scientists are currently tracking a large sunspot that has so far unleashed seven major solar flares including an X-17-category blast on Sept. 7, an X-5 on Sept. 8, and an X-1 on Sept. 9.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/flare_sept7.html (338 words)

	NASA Technology Ground-based Observatory Guide
		The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, a research bureau of the Smithsonian Institution and a member of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
		The Sommers-Bausch Observatory at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
		This observatory includes solar telescopes operated jointly by Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen and the Institut für Astronomie and Astrophysik of the university of Würzburg.
	ranier.oact.hq.nasa.gov /Sensors_page/GroundObserv.html (769 words)

	Stanford SOLAR Center -- Other Resources
		Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) Analysis at HAO.
		The Sun and its Structure (lecture notes by Nick Strobel).
		The Solar Interior- Hotter than a Green Chile Cheeseburger.
	solar-center.stanford.edu /resources.html (228 words)

	UCL Solar & Stellar Physics Group
		OSSE gamma-ray data for solar flares, NRL, Washington, D.C. SoHO Synoptic Database, at GSFC, Maryland.
		Predicted Solar Wind Speed and IMF Polarity using extrapolations of the photospheric field maps.
		Recent Solar Coronal Magnetic Field Changes,predicted using extrapolations of the photospheric field maps.
	www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk /www_solar/solarlinks.html (474 words)

	Sun Solar System Astronomy Science
		Includes sections about the Sun, the cosmic rays and the history of its study.
		- The Solar Physics Branch of Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) is composed of 15 scientists involved in various studies of the physics of the Sun.
		- In-depth illustrated description of the Sun, its surface, atmosphere, sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Astronomy/Solar_System/Sun (402 words)

	Scientific expertise and role in the project
		The High Altitude Observatory (HAO) is one of the four scientific divisions of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado, USA.
		Since its inception in the 1960s, coronal observations have been a primary component of HAO's scientific program, operating groundbased instruments at HAO's Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) in Hawaii, and participating in NASA space experiments at varying levels over the years.
		Simulations of the solar wind (to be carried out by FOM, K.U.Leuven), and in particular the structure of the flow near helmet streamers, will be compared with coronagraph and eclipse observations.
	sidc.oma.be /SWP/node16.html (356 words)

	[52.03] MLSO/HAO Solar Data and its Possible Role in the Virtual Solar Observatory (VSO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO), operated by HAO, provides solar data from a suite of instruments designed to observe the solar atmosphere at a variety of heights.
		The Mk4 K-coronameter observes the white light K-corona from 1.12 to 2.79 solar radii, the Chromospheric Helium Imaging Photometer (CHIP) observes the chromosphere at 1083.0 nm, and the H-alpha prominence and solar disk monitor (PICS) provides observations at 656.3 nm.
		This (talk/poster) will outline HAO's efforts to serve MLSO data to the solar research community and the general public, both independently and as part of the Virtual Solar Observatory (VSO).
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v36n2/aas204/193.htm (293 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, High Altitude Observatory, Hawaii
		The bright solar disk has been deliberately blocked off so that the camera may capture an image of the Sun s outer atmosphere, the corona--hence the name of this type of instrument, coronometer.
		This artificial eclipse of the Sun allows us to see activity in the corona, such as the colossal explosions called coronal mass ejections, which blast billions of tons of material into space at speeds of up to a million miles per hour.
	www.chabotspace.org /vsc/solar/currentsun/imagemaunaloa.asp (91 words)

	Ancient Observatories \| Locations and Observatories \| Big Bear Solar Observatory
		The observatory is located in the middle of Big Bear Lake to reduce the image distortion, which usually occurs when the Sun heats the ground and produces convection in the air just above the ground.
		The Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) is operated by the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT).
		Their main interest is the physics of the Sun and they observe solar phenomena every day with their dedicated telescopes and instruments.
	sunearthday.nasa.gov /2005/locations/big_bear.htm (240 words)

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