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Topic: Mawangdui

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	Yijing Dao - Review of Edward L Shaughnessy's Mawangdui Yijing translation
		The Mawangdui order of the hexagrams, as is now well known, differs from the mysterious sequence of the received text.
		In the Mawangdui sequence the 64 hexagrams are arranged in eight groups of eight.
		The author may be wise not to comment on literary qualities at this stage of Mawangdui studies, but this layout does nothing to relieve the initial impression that what is new in these documents tends to be opaque and unexciting.
	www.biroco.com /yijing/mawangdui.htm (4296 words)

	Mawangdui Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1973, archaeologists working in Mawangdui (in China) discovered two copies of the Daodejing written on silk.
		The Mawangdui texts are much earlier versions of the Daodejing than scholars had previously had available.
		Above is a photograph of part of one of the Mawangdui versions of the Dao De Jing, including what is now Chapter 1 of that text.
	faculty.vassar.edu /brvannor/Reader/ddj.html (97 words)

	The origins of Chinese medicine
		The Mawangdui documents present us an ideology remarkably different from the conventionally accustomed view of medical theory which, in its earliest form, is represented by the Nanjing and Huangdi neijing.
		Interestingly, the names for the same ducts within the individual documents of the Mawangdui corpus, such as A1 and A2, can be different too, while after the new names took their final form in the Huangdi neijing, they remained unchanged for the next two millennium up to the present day.
		It was certainly far from that stage in 168 B.C., at the time of the Mawangdui burial and, considering the phase of development revealed by the excavated documents, it might have taken several centuries to reach the stage manifested in classics like the Nanjing.
	www.zhenjiu.de /Literatur/Fachartikel/englisch/origins-of.htm (4242 words)

	Chinese Traditional Medicine: Methodological Problems and New Perspectives
		From Mawangdui’s medical corpus, we can assume that among the four divisions of ‘classical’ medical theory in Han times, sexual and transcendental techniques were prevailing.
		From the evolutionist point of view, the differences between Mawangdui’s texts and the Neijing are attributed to a process of theoretical development from ‘superstitious beliefs’ to ‘medical science’.
		The therapeutical utilisation of herbal, animal and mineral substances as described in Mawangdui’s texts (and in later Taoist literature) was not necessarily depending on their consumption; the simple direct or mediated contact with a certain substance could produce a healing effect.
	spazioinwind.libero.it /giuliaboschi/pubblicazioni/methodological.html (3164 words)

	The Diagram of the Mourning System from Mawangdui
		This article is a preliminary study of the silk diagram of the mourning system excavated from Mawangdui tomb three (dated to 168 B.C.E.) in 1973.
		The author then explains the cosmological and numerological signiﬁcance of the Mawangdui mourning system, and, through rereading passages in Lun yu 17/21, the “Sannian wen” chapter in the Li ji, the “Li lun” in the Xunzi, and the testamentary decree of Emperor Wen (d.
		This Mawangdui diagram is a schematic representation of the mourning system with its basic numerological principles and cosmological signiﬁcance.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /earlychina/publications/ecjournal/ec28/lai.html (396 words)

	The Xingde Texts from Mawangdui
		The Xingde manuscripts are among a group of Mawangdui manuscripts whose contents are extremely important for the study of calendrical astrology at the end of the Warring States and beginning of the Han.
		The Mawangdui Xingde texts prove that a sexagenary year-count existed since the end of the Warring States and that the yearly shift of Xing and De was directly related to the movement of Taiyin 太陰, another important mantic function in pre-Han and early Han sexagenary hemerology.
		Following an examination of the composition of the diagram, I examine the connections between sexagenary hemerology and the theory of the Five Agents, the tradition of the sovereigns of the four sectors of the Yueling 月令, and the nomenclature of the calendrical spirits, which, like Xing and De, are associated with the sexagenary cycle.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /earlychina/publications/ecjournal/ec2324/kalinowski.html (428 words)

	Ma-wang-tui Texts - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Ma-wang-tui Texts (馬王堆帛書; pinyin Mawangdui) are texts of Chinese philosophical and medical works, which include the earliest attested manuscripts of seminal texts such as the I Ching and two similar versions of the Tao Te Ching that were written on silk, buried in tombs, and lay hidden in China until the 1970s.
		There are texts in the Mawangdui corpus that were only previously known by title, as well as unattested commentaries on the I Ching attributed to Confucius.
		In general, they follow the same sequence as the various received versions that we have, versions that have been passed down by copying and recopying from generation to generation from texts collected and collated during the fifth century.
	www.free-definition.com /Ma-wang-tui-Texts.html (854 words)

	Session 120 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Focusing on manuscripts discovered at Mawangdui in 1973 and Guodian in 1993, the present panel demonstrates how the interpretation and translation of philosophical and cosmological concepts and key terms in what has traditionally been thought of as Confucian and Daoist contexts may be influenced by such finds.
		In contrast to some of the other Yi jing related texts discovered at Mawangdui, it is generally agreed that the Yi zhi yi—which incorporates passages also occurring in two of the received Wings: Shuo gua 1–3 and Xi ci zhuan part 2 sections 5–8 (of the Zheng yi edition)—is Confucian in nature.
		The Mawangdui scribes were forced to solve for themselves the problem of transcribing the spoken words associated with each hexagram, and frequently came up with solutions different from those enshrined in the received text.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1999abst/china/c-120.htm (923 words)

	Mawangdui pictures and Travel Information - China Travel Attraction
		The astonishing state of preservation of one of the tombs, including the mummified corpse of the occupant, and vulnerable materials such as lacquer-painted wood and silk textiles, are only part of the story.
		The tombs were discovered in 1972 during construction work at Mawangdui, about 4 km northeast of Changsha, and excavation was completed in 1974.
		The best preserved, and entirely undisturbed tomb, was that of the Marquess of Dai, or Xin Zui, buried about 180 BC, whose husband was a minor nobleman in charge of administering the region of Changsha.
	www.muztagh.com /china-attraction/changsha/mawangdui.htm (354 words)

	Daoist Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In the late 1970s Western and comparative philosophers began to point out that an important dimension of the historical context of Daoism was being overlooked because the previous generation of scholars had ignored or even disparaged connections between the classical texts and Daoist religious belief and practice.
		The Mawangdui discoveries consist of two incomplete editions of the DDJ on silk scrolls (boshu) now simply called "A" and "B." These versions have two principal differences from the Wang Bi.
		Contemporary scholarship associates the Mawangdui versions with a type of Daoism known as the Way of the Yellow Emperor and the Old Master (Huanglao Dao), since the Yellow Emperor was venerated alongside of Laozi as a patron of the teachings of Daoism.
	www.iep.utm.edu /d/daoism.htm (7141 words)

	China Mawangdui Historical Relics Exhibit in Seoul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The exhibition of the historical relics excavated from Mawangdui in Hunan Province of China opens on 31st in the Art Gallery of the Arts Palace in Seoul, Korea.
		Jin Zegong, Vice Director of Cultural Department of Hunan Province, says at the opening ceremony that this exhibition is more significant because it happens to be held on the occasion of 30th anniversary of the excavation of Mawangdui relics and 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Korea.
		Ahn Kuk-joeng, Special Director of Seoul Broadcasting Company,says that the relics unearthed at Mawangdui is a miracle in the history of world archeological excavation and valuable cultural heritage of the world as well, showing the brilliant and dazzling ancient civilization of China.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_focus/2003-09/25/content_42966.htm (269 words)

	Laozi
		Until recently, the Mawangdui manuscripts have held the pride of place as the oldest extant manuscripts of the Laozi.
		The Mawangdui manuscripts were based on this mature version of the Laozi; the original emphasis on politics, however, can still be detected in the placement of the Dejing before the Daojing.
		The Guodian and Mawangdui manuscripts are certainly older than the received text of the Laozi, but this does not necessarily mean that they are therefore closer to the “original,” if there was an original.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/laozi (13348 words)

	White Rabbit Temple Swastika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As shown, this silk [picture below] was found at Mawangdui, China and depicts different actions of a comet and its tail.
		It is estimated that the Mawangdui silk dates to approximately 2,300 years ago.
		It is safe to say that Hitler did not invent this symbol, and in historical perspective, it does not signify the evil of its most infamous promoter.
	whiterabbitcult.com /NWO/Swastika.html (511 words)

	BCAR A Critical Review Abstract
		This paper is a review of the most relevant studies on a particular group of manuscripts discovered at Mawangdui, Hunan province, in 1973.
		In the twenty-eight years elapsed since the Mawangdui discovery, many studies have been published on them, both in China and abroad.
		The four manuscripts are texts hitherto lost that, for their highly sophisticated thought, are comparable to many of the most important ancient texts transmitted to us.
	www2.arts.ubc.ca /bcar/no13/articles/carrozza/abstract.htm (173 words)

	I Ching - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		One of the tombs contained more or less complete 2nd century BC texts of the I Ching, the Dao De Jing and other works, which are mostly similar yet in some ways diverge significantly from the "received," or traditional, texts preserved by the chances of history.
		All of the Mawangdui texts are many centuries older than the earliest known attestations of the texts in question.
		Many hold that these perspectives are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but, for instance, many Modernist scholars doubt the actual existence of Fuxi, think Confucius had nothing to do with the Book of Changes and contend that the hexagrams came before the trigrams.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/index.php/I_Ching (2415 words)

	Top price for Mawangdui calligraphy - Shopping - Enjoy Life - Newsgd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A three-day exhibition of Mawangdui calligraphy works wrapped up Sunday at the Shenzhen Museum with an auction of dozens of calligraphy works.
		Mawangdui calligraphy, an overlooked link between zhuanshu and lishu in Chinese calligraphy, was discovered and devised by Wu based on his research of boshu, a kind of writing on silk, found in the Mawangdui Tomb of the Han Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province in 1972.
		Wu is known as the "first man in Mawangdui calligraphy" for his productive work.
	www.newsgd.com /enjoylife/living/shopping/200306240012.htm (259 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 96030598 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Given the enduring importance of this work, it was a momentous event when a significantly different I Ching text was unearthed in Mawangdui, China, in 1973--the first new manuscript of the work to appear in two thousand years.
		Like the received version, the Mawangdui I Ching and its commentaries begin with a central core of sixty-four hexagrams, but in an important departure, the hexagrams in the newly discovered text are arranged in a systematic and logical way and, in many cases, are assigned different names.
		In addition, the Mawangdui version contains five new commentaries that had been lost for more than two thousand years, including the surprising discovery of a commentary that quotes Confucius extensively on how he had come to change his earlier, negative, views about the importance of the I Ching.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/random0412/96030598.html (345 words)

	Panel 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Not only was each wooden box crafted so that it fit snugly into another, the outermost boxes of the two tombs were made to be compatible with their coffin chambers.
		This phenomenon suggests that the design of the Mawangdui tombs followed an integrating principle that mandated the unified coffin boxes and coffin chambers.
		Lai argues that the innovative design of the Mawangdui tombs resulted from the change in tomb design and furnishing, in which spatial and structural design considerations took priority over the use of funeral objects as symbols of the occupant inside the tomb.
	hcs.harvard.edu /~heas/conference/2000/panel_13.htm (965 words)

	General News - IIAS Newsletter Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mawangdui Medical Manuscripts Translation and Study' analyses the silk manuscripts that were found in a tomb at Mawangdui in 1973.
		They were found in a tomb at Mawangdui (Changsha, Hunan province), and only three of them (Laozi, Zhouyi, Xici zhuan) have counterparts in the received literature.
		I am sure that this book will be of lasting importance to anyone with an interest in the origins of Chinese medicine and pharmacology, but, perhaps more importantly, also for those working on the history of science, philosophy, society, and culture during the fourth to second centuries BC and beyond.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/21/boek/21boek4.html (1028 words)

	Week III: Part 1 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS--CHINA:THE CENTRAL KINGDOM
		The tombs at Mawangdui reveal clearly the continuation of the strong cultural tradition of the Chu state which had ceased to be a political entity in 223 B.C. The early Western Han was clearly a period when there were wide swings in accep ted practice in various matters, including burial regulations.
		The large silk banner found in Tomb No. 1 (another comparable example was found in Tomb No. 3) is described as a 'flying garment' (feiyi) and its placement in the Tomb correspond to the prescribed location for funerary banners (ming-ching) displayed during funeral ceremonies and carried in the funeral procession.
		The burials at Mawangdui show that in the kingdom of Changsha an apparently easy accommodation between the requirements of Han rule and the continued existence of the Chu cultural tradition had been reached in the first half of the second century B.C. These accommodations were overturned during the time of the Emperor Wu (r.
	www.pitt.edu /~asian/week-3/week-3.2.html (2972 words)

	Five Lost Classics: Tao, Huang-lao, and Yin-yang in Han China (Classics of Ancient China): Current Amazon U.S.A. ...
		The funeral objects excavated at a southern Chinese cite called Mawangdui in 1973 have proven to be some of the finest caches of "grave goods" retrieved during this century.
		In addition to splendid lacquerwares and silks, which have shed new light on the artistic achievements of the early Han dynasty, the diggings have yielded a treasure house of manuscripts written on silk.
		A discovery as important in China as the unearthing of the Dead Sea Scrolls was in the West, the Mawangdui texts created a sensation when they were first published, even leading to the foundation of a new religion on Taiwan.
	www.mysqlwebhosting.biz /stuff-0345365380.html (1159 words)

	Mawangdui Calligraphy on Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Wu Wei, president of the China Mawangdui Calligraphy Art Institute, shows a set of Mawangdui calligraphy stamps at a special ceremony in Shenzhen on Sunday.
		Released by the State Postal Bureau, the set of custom stamps includes 12 characters in the Mawangdui writing style representing the 12 symbolic animals that are used in Chinese astrology to denote the year of a person’s birth.
		The artist revived the style based on writing samples on silk that were discovered in the Mawangdui Tomb of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D. 25) in Changsha, Hunan Province in 1972.
	www.china.com.cn /english/culture/129039.htm (121 words)

	tour destinations changsha changsha655 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Besides, Yuezhou celadon produced from the Eastern Han to the Tang period, Changsha colorful porcelain produced in the Tang, the facsimiles of Wang Xizhi's Prologue to the Orchid pavilion Collection and the handwriting of Wang Fuzhi, the great thinker of the early Qing period, are also housed there.
		Among all these collections, the relics from Mawangdui Han Tomb are most excellent and miraculous.
		In 1972, gravesites from the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD) were excavated in Mawangdui, northeast of Changsha.
	www.cntravel.biz /china_tour_destinations/changsha/changsha655.shtml (523 words)

	Laozi (Lao-tzu) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Mawangdui is the name for a site of tombs discovered near Changsha in Hunan province.
		More precisely, the order of the Mawangdui texts takes the traditional 81 chapters and sets them out like this: 38, 39, 40, 42-66, 80, 81, 67-79, 1-21, 24, 22, 23, 25-37.
		The prevailing view is that the present version of the DDJ probably reached its final form at the Qixia Academy of the Ji kingdom associated with Huanglao Daoism around the beginning of the 3rd century BCE.
	www.iep.utm.edu /l/laozi.htm (4906 words)

	EXPANSION OF CHINESE PADDY RICE TO THE YUNNAN-GUIZHOU PLATEAU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bamboo slips used to record wills of the deceased show these seeds were ritually buried, but some slips and their hemp sacks are unfortunately partly decayed or do not match wooden labels on the bamboo boxes.
		He adds "it is possible Mawangdui remains are smooth-husk but their quantity is moderate.
		Using Zhou Jiwei's report, I think cultivars like Mawangdui rice 1 and those identical to Ma 02 and Ma 03 are still grown in Yunnan and other places after 2100 years.
	admissions.carleton.ca /~bgordon/Rice/papers/fumi98.htm (2932 words)

	VOL.3. NO.1. - Cycles of Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Archaeologists excavating tomb 3 (closed in 168 BC) at the Mawangdui burial mound in Changsha, Hunan, in 1973, discovered the richest cache of ancient manuscripts ever unearthed in China.
		For me his great contribution to Chinese medical history has been to broaden the field by demonstrating that the late Warring States and early imperial medical tradition was much richer and more varied than we might imagine on the evidence of the received medical canons alone.
		The eclectic tastes of the original owner of the Mawangdui medical manuscripts reminds us of how much more we can get out of our medicine if we pay careful attention to lifestyle, both ours and our patients.
	www.ejom.co.uk /backissues/vol3no1/review2.html (1018 words)

	Paragon Book Gallery \| News and Info \| News \| Articles
		The excavation in 1972 and 1973 of Han dynasty tombs M1 and M3 at Mawangdui outside Changsha, capital of Hunan, was one of the most important Chinese archaeological discoveries of this century.
		The Mawangdui finds, many of which have not yet been published, together with the discovery in 1978 of the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Hubei, provided us with a tangible evidence of the cultural wealth of the ancient Chu state and its dependencies in the Hunan and Hubei region.
		For the first time we were able to see many of the material aspects of the culture that produced Zhuangzi and Qu Yuan, and which endured through the Zhou and Han dynasties.
	www.paragonbook.com /html/newsinfo/news/articles.cfm?article=219 (490 words)

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