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	Max Perutz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Ferdinand Perutz (May 19 1914 - February 6 2002) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist.
		In 1953 Perutz showed that the diffracted rays from protein crystals could be phased by comparing the patterns from crystals of the protein with and without heavy atoms attached.
		His son Robin Perutz is a professor of chemistry at The University of York in England.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz (320 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| Special Reports \| Obituary: Max Perutz
		Max was aiming at something very much more complicated, the structure of haemoglobin - the seemingly magical molecule of red blood cells, which is able to attach and release either oxygen or carbon dioxide precisely as tissues require.
		Perutz's attack on the problem was helped substantially in 1945 by the arrival at the Cavendish of a smart young RAF wing commander seeking a doctorate in protein crystallography.
		Whenever it was suggested to Max how fortunate it had been for British science that he had come here in the 1930s and stayed, in spite of his poor treatment early in the war, Max would reply that, rather, it was he who had been fortunate to have found a niche in Cambridge.
	education.guardian.co.uk /obituary/story/0,12212,750095,00.html (1300 words)

	Max Ferdinand Perutz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perutz was educated at the University of Vienna and at the University of Cambridge, where he received his Ph.D. in 1940.
		By 1959 Perutz had shown that the hemoglobin molecule is composed of four separate polypeptide chains that form a tetrameric structure, with four heme groups near the molecule's surface.
		Perutz subsequently showed that in oxygenated hemoglobin the four chains are rearranged, a discovery that led to the full determination of the molecular mechanism of oxygen transport and release by hemoglobin.
	chemistry.nobel.brainparad.com /max_ferdinand_perutz.html (335 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Science 'giant' Perutz dies
		Max Perutz, one of the great figures in modern molecular biology, has died at the age of 87.
		Perutz's main contribution was to work out the structure of haemoglobin, the large molecule that carries oxygen through the blood, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962.
		Perutz pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography to study the structure of proteins, the large molecules the body uses to build and maintain itself.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1805000/1805382.stm (562 words)

	max perutz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Ferdinand Perutz (May 19 1914 - February 6 2002) was a molecular biologist.
		Max Perutz was born in Vienna in 1914.
		In 1959 he determined the molecular structure of the protein hemoglobin (which transports oxygen in the blood) using this method, and in 1962 he received the Nobel Prize for chemistry with John Kendrew.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /max_perutz.html (251 words)

	Max Ferdinand Perutz OM FRS - Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Had Max stopped being a scientist at that point, his place in history would have been secure as the founding father of one of the most successful and important fields in science and arguably the most important in biology.
		Leo Perutz, the distinguished writer and a relative, once told Max when he was a boy that he would never be a writer, and so one of his most cherished awards was one for scientific writing.
		Max is really the father to us all in structural biology: he solved a protein structure, analyzed it to understand its functional mechanism at atomic detail, looked at the role of mutations in disease and thought about drug design.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nsmb/journal/v9/n4/full/nsb0402-245.html (1431 words)

	Max F. Perutz - Biography
		Both his parents, Hugo Perutz and Dely Goldschmidt, came from families of textile manufacturers who had made their fortune in the 19th century by the introduction of mechanical spinning and weaving into the Austrian monarchy.
		Perutz has persued one sideline concerned with glaciers, studying their crystal texture and mechanism of flow, but this was mainly an excuse for working in the mountains: he is a keen mountaineer, his other recreations being walking, skiing and gardening.
		Perutz is extremely happy at the generous recognition given by the Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Karolinska Institute to their great common adventures and hopes that it will spur them to new endeavours.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1962/perutz-bio.html (770 words)

	AllRefer.com - Perutz, Max Ferdinand (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia
		One of the pioneers in the field of molecular biology, Perutz studied chemistry at the Univ. of Vienna (1932–36) and then at Cambridge (Ph.D. 1940), where he began a lifelong association with Cavendish Laboratory.
		In 1953 he finally developed a methodology for successfully interpreting the X-ray diffraction patterns of large molecules, and he fully decoded the structure of hemoglobin in 1959, permitting understanding of its ability to transport oxygen.
		For this work he was awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with his colleague John Kendrew, who had used Perutz's technique to reveal the structure of myoglobin.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PerutzM.html (263 words)

	Max Ferdinand Perutz 1914−2002 - Nature Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born in Vienna in 1914, Max was educated in the Theresianum, a grammar school originating from an earlier Officers' academy.
		In 1998, the MRC launched the annual Max Perutz Essay prize to encourage young researchers to transmit the importance and significance of their research to a lay audience.
		Throughout his career, Max insisted that young scientists be given full responsibility and credit for their work, even when this was a radical idea.
	www.nature.com /nm/journal/v8/n3/full/nm0302-205.html (872 words)

	Obituary Pages from Crystallography News June 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max shared the Chemistry prize with Kendrew for their structural analyses of haemoglobin and myoglobin, and in the same year Crick and Watson (with Maurice Wilkins) won the prize for Medicine.
		And Max's biochemical assistant, Vernon Ingram, was to discover the precise molecular nature of sickle- cell disease a couple of years later -- a change of one amino-acid in haemoglobin which we now recognise as the consequence of a single mutation.
		Max Perutz was a deeply humane man, loved and admired by his colleagues, who combined that gift with exceptional powers of analysis, planning and leadership.
	img.cryst.bbk.ac.uk /BCA/CNews/2002/P81Ob.htm (4720 words)

	The ELSO Gazette News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Perutz was without doubt one of the giants of twentieth century biology.
		Finally in 1960, in back-to-back papers in Nature, Perutz and his colleagues published the structure of haemoglobin, and his Cambridge colleague John Kendrew and his team published the structure of myoglobin, for which Perutz and Kendrew won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962.
		As important as his scientific contributions, between 1962 and 1979 Perutz was the founding director of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.
	www.the-elso-gazette.org /magazines/issue11/news/news3.asp (403 words)

	Cambridge-Cranfield High Performance Computing Facility: People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Ferdinand Perutz was born in 1914 in Austria.
		Perutz and Kendrew were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for chemistry.
		Perutz moved from the Cavendish Laboratory in 1962 with the formation of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology.
	www.hpcf.cam.ac.uk /people.html (1162 words)

	I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier: Essays on Science, Scientists, and Humanity. By Max F. Perutz
		Perutz was Director of the Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England from its establishment in 1962 until 1979, and he remains a scientific staff member.
		Allusions to literary and classical characters abound in Perutz’s essays and bear witness to his status as a true Renaissance man. In this collection creativity is only one of numerous scientific themes that are discussed with the same lucidity and precision that characterize Perutz’s pioneering work in crystallography.
		It recounts Perutz’s multifarious experiences as one of numerous German and Austrian refugees who were paradoxically classified as “enemy aliens” (the camp commander said, “I had no idea there were so many Jews among the Nazis.”) and consequently imprisoned on the Isle of Man and then deported to Canada.
	chemeducator.org /bibs/0005003/530162gk.htm (885 words)

	Perutz, Max (Ferdinand)
		Max Ferdinand Perutz was born in Vienna on May 19th, 1914.
		His curiosity was aroused, however, by organic chemistry, and especially by a course of organic biochemistry, given by F. von Wessely, in which Sir F. Hopkins' work at Cambridge was mentioned.
		Early in 1938, Bernal, Fankuchen, and Perutz [Nature, 141 (1938) 523] published a joint paper on X-ray diffraction from crystals of haemoglobin and chymotrypsin.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/P/Perutz/1.html (715 words)

	Max Ferdinand Perutz Winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Max Ferdinand Perutz Winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Max Ferdinand Perutz — Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar)
		Max Perutz 1914 - 2002 from The Laboratory of Molecular Biology (submitted by Dan)
	almaz.com /nobel/chemistry/1962a.html (106 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Max Ferdinand Perutz@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Austrian-born British molecular biologist who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his solution of the structure of the hemoglobin molecule; his coworker John Kendrew, who had determined the structure of myoglobin, was the other winner of the prize.
		Perutz was born in Vienna on May 19, 1914.
		Both his parents came from families of textile manufacturers and expected their son to study law before entering the family business.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:67714590&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (176 words)

	Max Perutz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM (May 19, 1914 – February 6, 2002) was an Austrian-British molecular biologist.
		In 1953 Perutz showed that the diffracted xrays from protein crystals could be phased by comparing the patterns from crystals of the protein with and without heavy atoms attached.
		Freeview online video interview with Max Perutz provided by the Vega Science Trust (Approx 40 mins long)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Max_Ferdinand_Perutz (345 words)

	The Vega Science Trust - Freeview Video On The Web - Interview With Max Perutz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Perutz died on Wed 6th Feb 2002.
		Max had immeasurable influence on UK science through his role as chief architect of the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge.
		We at the Vega Science Trust deem it a privilege to have met him, felt his delight in his friendship and in particular to have been able to construct this intimate portrait one of the world's great scientists and human beings.
	www.vega.org.uk /series/facetoface/perutz (385 words)

	MSN Encarta - Perutz, Max F.
		MSN Encarta - Perutz, Max F. MSN Home
		Perutz, Max F. Perutz, Max F. (1914-2002), Austrian-born British biochemist and Nobel Prize winner.
		Perutz's work with protein structures, particularly that of...
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761583304/Perutz_Max_F.html (93 words)

	Max Perutz - TheBestLinks.com - Max Ferdinand Perutz, Chemistry, February 6, Hemoglobin, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Perutz - TheBestLinks.com - Max Ferdinand Perutz, Chemistry, February 6, Hemoglobin,...
		Max Ferdinand Perutz, Max Perutz, Chemistry, February 6, Hemoglobin, May 19...
		In 1936 he became a research student at the Cavendish Laboratory in a crystallography group directed by J. Bernal and remained in Cambridge ever since.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Max_Ferdinand_Perutz.html (268 words)

	Max Perutz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Max Perutz was a giant in the field of molecular biology.
		He was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry, for his invention (with John Kendrew[?]) of techniques which allowed them and others to determine the structure of proteins for the first time.
		The theory was that Mr Verloc would cleanliness at meal times.
	www.city-search.org /ma/max-perutz.html (395 words)

	Max Perutz
		Perutz, Max Ferdinand - Perutz, Max Ferdinand, 1914–2002, British molecular biologist, b.
		Max Perutz, `scientific giant' and Nobel laureate, dies at 87.(News) (The Independent (London, England))
		Perutz, Max Ferdinand (1914-2002) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography)
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0900774.html (152 words)

	Foundation for Health Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lecture by Max Ferdinand Perutz, 1962 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.
		Max Ferdinand Perutz (Viena, 1914) was awarded the 1962 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, together with Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of globular proteins.
		After an initial stage at Vienna University, he developed most of his research at Cambridge University, first under a grant of the Rockefeller Foundation, and then under an Imperial Chemical Industries Research Fellowship.
	www.fcs.es /fcs/eng/interiores/conferencias/vozpropia/index_perutz.htm (153 words)

	Eisenstein, Ferdinand Gotthold Max -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He earned a meager living as a freelance writer, but in so doing he wrote some of the most incisive social, artistic, literary, and religious criticism of his day.
		The supreme commander of the Allied forces in World War I was a French general named Ferdinand Foch.
		One of the chief 19th-century theorists of socialism and a founder of the German labor movement was Ferdinand Lassalle.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9032165 (713 words)

	Early Protein Crystallography
		Max Perutz (1914-2002), who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for solving the structure of hemoglobin, was interviewed in 2001 by The Vega Science Trust.
		1962: Max Ferdinand Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their studies on the structures of globlular proteins.
		Perutz MF, Muirhead H, Cox JM, Goaman LC, Mathews FS, McGandy EL, Webb LE.
	www.umass.edu /microbio/rasmol/1st_xtls.htm (894 words)

	EARTHQUAKES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Following a suggestion by Max von Laue (1879-1960) in 1912, the father and son team, Sir William Henry Bragg (1862-1942) and Sir William Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971), perfected the technique of measuring wavelength of X-rays using a crystal (say Nacl) as a diffraction grating.
		Rontgen had observed that the X-rays could not be reflected or refracted, however, the first positive evidence for their refraction and reflection came from the work of Stenstrom by passing a beam of X-rays through a crystal.
		Rontgen made one of the most bizarre and serendipitous observations in the history of science when he held a small lead disk in front of the brightly glowing green screen.
	www.vigyanprasar.com /dream/mar2001/X-Rays.htm (8046 words)

	Max Perutz
		In 1936 he became a research student at the Cavendish Laboratory in a crystallography group directed by J. Bernal, and remained in Cambridge subsequently.
		{{MetaPicstubarticle=biographical articleid=stubcategory=Peopleimage=David face.pngsize=30alt= }} Perutz, Max Perutz, Max Perutz, Max Perutz, Max Ferdinand de:Max Ferdinand Perutz
		Remember always that California has virtually no weather to contend.
	www.datamass.net /ma/max-perutz.html (242 words)

	AllRefer.com - X-ray crystallography, Mineral (Mineralogy And Crystallography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This phenomenon, known as X-ray diffraction, occurs when the wavelength of X-rays and the interatomic distances in the lattice have the same order of magnitude.
		In 1912, the German scientist Max von Laue predicted that crystals exhibit diffraction qualities.
		Concurrently, W. Friedrich and P. Knipping created the first photographic diffraction patterns.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/Xraycrys.html (336 words)

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