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	Max Perutz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perutz established the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England in 1962 and was chairman until 1979.
		Leo Perutz, the distinguished writer and a relative, once told Max when he was a boy that he would never be a writer, and so one of his most cherished awards was one for scientific writing.
		Max and his wife Gisela's son, Robin Perutz, is a professor of chemistry at the University of York in England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Max_Perutz (610 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Science 'giant' Perutz dies
		Max Perutz, one of the great figures in modern molecular biology, has died at the age of 87.
		Perutz's main contribution was to work out the structure of haemoglobin, the large molecule that carries oxygen through the blood, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962.
		Perutz pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography to study the structure of proteins, the large molecules the body uses to build and maintain itself.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1805382.stm (562 words)

	The Scientist : The death of Max Perutz
		LONDON — The Nobel prizewinner and eminent biologist Max Perutz died on the morning of 6 February 2002 at the age of 87.
		Austrian-born Perutz was one of the founder members of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, UK, which he chaired until 1979.
		"Max had many interests and a great love of music and will be remembered as much for his science as for his endless drive and passion for knowledge and better communication of research," said Radda.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/20200 (241 words)

	Obituary: Max Perutz \| Special Reports \| EducationGuardian.co.uk
		Max was aiming at something very much more complicated, the structure of haemoglobin - the seemingly magical molecule of red blood cells, which is able to attach and release either oxygen or carbon dioxide precisely as tissues require.
		Perutz's attack on the problem was helped substantially in 1945 by the arrival at the Cavendish of a smart young RAF wing commander seeking a doctorate in protein crystallography.
		Whenever it was suggested to Max how fortunate it had been for British science that he had come here in the 1930s and stayed, in spite of his poor treatment early in the war, Max would reply that, rather, it was he who had been fortunate to have found a niche in Cambridge.
	education.guardian.co.uk /obituary/story/0,12212,750095,00.html (1308 words)

	Max Perutz
		Max Ferdinand Perutz (May 19, 1914 - February 6, 2002), molecular biologist.
		Max Perutz was a giant in the field of molecular biology.
		He was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry, for his invention (with John Kendrew[?]) of techniques which allowed them and others to determine the structure of proteins for the first time.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Max_Perutz.html (115 words)

	Perutz, Max Ferdinand - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Perutz, Max Ferdinand 1914-2002, British molecular biologist, b.
		One of the pioneers in the field of molecular biology, Perutz studied chemistry at the Univ. of Vienna (1932-36) and then at Cambridge (Ph.D. 1940), where he began a lifelong association with Cavendish Laboratory.
		In 1953 he finally developed a methodology for successfully interpreting the X-ray diffraction patterns of large molecules, and he fully decoded the structure of hemoglobin in 1959, permitting understanding of its ability to transport oxygen.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-perutzm.html (313 words)

	Max Perutz - 1962
		Max Perutz was born in Vienna in 1914.
		In 1953 Perutz showed that the diffracted rays from protein crystals could be phased by comparing the patterns from crystals of the protein with and without heavy atoms attached.
		Perutz was the Chairman of the Laboratory until 1979.
	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk /archive/Perutz62.html (534 words)

	Educational Outreach
		Max Perutz was born in Vienna, Austria on May 19th, 1914.
		Max Perutz shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962 with Sir John Kendrew for this work.
		Max Perutz was a keen mountaineer, and his other interests included walking, skiing and gardening.
	www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk /resources/nobel/perutz.php (530 words)

	Max Ferdinand Perutz OM FRS - Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
		Had Max stopped being a scientist at that point, his place in history would have been secure as the founding father of one of the most successful and important fields in science and arguably the most important in biology.
		Max's final research project, and his consuming passion in his last years, was the role of polyglutamine repeats in Huntington's disease.
		Max is really the father to us all in structural biology: he solved a protein structure, analyzed it to understand its functional mechanism at atomic detail, looked at the role of mutations in disease and thought about drug design.
	www.nature.com /nsmb/journal/v9/n4/full/nsb0402-245.html (1431 words)

	Max F. Perutz - Biography
		Perutz has persued one sideline concerned with glaciers, studying their crystal texture and mechanism of flow, but this was mainly an excuse for working in the mountains: he is a keen mountaineer, his other recreations being walking, skiing and gardening.
		Perutz is extremely happy at the generous recognition given by the Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Royal Karolinska Institute to their great common adventures and hopes that it will spur them to new endeavours.
		Perutz, who is a Fellow of the Royal Society, was made Companion of the British Empire in 1962.
	www.nobel.se /chemistry/laureates/1962/perutz-bio.html (755 words)

	Max Perutz: 1914-2002 An appreciation
		Perutz said of Bernal that he was "a restless genius always searching for something more important to do than the work of the moment." Bernal told Perutz that the secret of life was hidden in the structure of proteins and only X-ray crystallography could unlock it.
		Max Perutz' family were Jews, who had converted to Catholicism, but they still had to flee Austria in the face of Nazi persecution and came to England.
		Perutz and co-workers managed to solve the structure of haemoglobin in 1959 (published in Nature February 1960) and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1962 for this work, together with John Kendrew, who had solved the structure of myoglobin.
	www.ul.ie /~childsp/CinA/Issue67/TOC38_Max.htm (1027 words)

	John Kendrew Summary
		Max Perutz, a former student of Bernal's, was already working on the structure of hemoglobin at Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory when Kendrew joined him in 1946.
		Perutz was fully supported in his research by the new head of the lab, Sir William Lawrence Bragg, a physicist who had shared the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics with his father William for being the first to use X-ray scattering to determine atomic structure of a substance.
		However, the problem still remained insoluble, until in 1953 Max Perutz discovered that the phase problem in analysis of the diffraction patterns could be solved by comparison of patterns from two crystals - one from the native protein and one from the protein with heavy metals attached to it.
	www.bookrags.com /John_Kendrew (3145 words)

	Genome Biology \| Full text \| The father of us all
		When Max Perutz showed that these changes not only could be measured reproducibly but also could be interpreted to determine the so-called phases of the protein reflections in the same way Robertson had done, Kendrew was able to use the method to solve myoglobin.
		So Max studied mutant hemoglobins with abnormal oxygenation properties from people with genetic diseases, and he worked on hemoglobins from animals with unusual physiology, and he looked that the protein at different pH values and with allosteric regulators bound, and so on, until the very last years of his life.
		Max Perutz had two children who bore his name, but his work and his ideas produced thousands of progeny.
	genomebiology.com /2002/3/3/comment/1004 (1114 words)

	condolence book
		Max's ability to focus on a problem was not hindered, but probably enhanced by the fact that he was a man with a joyful Weltanschauung who had a vast culture and great vision: until the end, his articles in Nature were as sharp as his articles in The New York Review of Books were gripping.
		Max greatly admired Keilin and I am sure that Keilin would have appreciated not only the magnificient initial work on the structure of haemoglobin that deservedly was awarded the Nobel prize, but especially the even more important subsequent studies on the ligand-induced conformational changes in the protein.
		The death of Max Perutz signifies the silence of a voice of a truly creative scientist, and of a man whose authority was also based on decency, modesty and outstanding integrity.
	www-db.embl-heidelberg.de /jss/servlet/de.embl.bk.wwwTools.GuestBook/condolence (3645 words)

	Max Perutz, 1914 - 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Max Perutz, one of the founding fathers of molecular biology, died early on Wednesday 6 February at the age of 87.
		Max Perutz was the creator of X-ray protein crystallography, demonstrating that by introducing a heavy atom in a protein molecule it was possible to determine its 3-D structure.
		Max had planned to open it by giving a talk on his most recent interest - in the structure of the polyglutamine repeats in Huntingtin, the protein of Huntington's disease.
	www.admin.cam.ac.uk /news/dp/2002020801 (988 words)

	Max Perutz 1914 - 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		For this, Perutz and Kendrew were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
		With a great deal more work during the 1960's, Perutz and his colleagues went on to solve the atomic structures of both oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin which allowed him to propose a stereochemical mechanism for the cooperative binding of oxygen to haemoglobin.
		In addition to his own research achievements, Max will be remembered for his interest in and warm support of the work of others, and as one of the founders of Molecular Biology.
	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk /Max_Perutz.html (491 words)

	Max Perutz Summary
		Max Perutz pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography to determine the atomic structure of proteins by combining two lines of scientific investigation--the physiology of hemoglobin and the physics of X-ray crystallography.
		Max Perutz (born 1914) pioneered the use of X-ray crystallography to determine the atomic structure of proteins by combining two lines of scientific investigation--the physiology of hemoglobin and the physics of X-ray crystallography.
		Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM(May 19 1914 – February 6 2002) was an Austrian- British molecular biologist.
	www.bookrags.com /Max_Perutz (225 words)

	Amazon.ca: I Wish I'd Made You Angry Earlier: Essays on Science, Scientists, and Humanity: Books: Max F. Perutz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Perutz is not only a biochemist and a Nobel Laureate physicist, but a witty and graceful writer to boot, and readers will be in for a treat.
		Perutz describes in more detail than is readily available elsewhere Haber's efforts to sustain chemical warfare experiments after the war under the guise of agricultural research.
		Schatz, writes Perutz, "was the son of poor Jewish farmers in Connecticut and had studied soil microbiology to find ways of increasing the yields on his father's unproductive farm.
	www.amazon.ca /Wish-Made-You-Angry-Earlier/dp/0879696745 (772 words)

	Max Perutz (February 2002) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Max Perutz, who has died at the age of 87, was one of the group of brilliant scientists who founded the subject of molecular biology while working at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge.
		Perutz shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962 with John Kendrew ‘for their studies of the structures of globular proteins’.
		Max Perutz was born in Vienna in 1914 and studied chemistry at the local university.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/6/2/4 (302 words)

	Committee on Human Rights: International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies
		Max rejected as nonsense the view, popular among modern sociologically oriented philosophers of science, that scientific truth is relative and shaped by a scientist’s personal concerns, including his or her political, philosophical, even religious instincts.
		Max it was who first demonstrated the validity of the method, by computing the X-ray diffraction patterns of haemoglobin with and without a mercury tag.
		Max, however, complied with these principles, and he was ably assisted for many years by his devoted wife, Gisela, who made the canteen of the LMB a focal point of intellectual stimulus.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /humanrights/Network_Meeting_May_2005_Lecture_Tribute.html (2331 words)

	I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier: Essays on Science, Scientists, and Humanity. By Max F. Perutz
		Perutz was Director of the Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England from its establishment in 1962 until 1979, and he remains a scientific staff member.
		Allusions to literary and classical characters abound in Perutz’s essays and bear witness to his status as a true Renaissance man. In this collection creativity is only one of numerous scientific themes that are discussed with the same lucidity and precision that characterize Perutz’s pioneering work in crystallography.
		It recounts Perutz’s multifarious experiences as one of numerous German and Austrian refugees who were paradoxically classified as “enemy aliens” (the camp commander said, “I had no idea there were so many Jews among the Nazis.”) and consequently imprisoned on the Isle of Man and then deported to Canada.
	chemeducator.org /bibs/0005003/530162gk.htm (885 words)

	: Interview With Max Perutz - Discoverer of the structure of Haemoglobin : information : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Max had immeasurable influence on UK science through his role as chief architect of the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge.
		The LMB is unquestionably the outstanding scientific research centre worldwide and its amazing success is due in no small measure to the philosophy and attitude that Max fostered.
		We at the Vega Science Trust deem it a privilege to have met him, felt his delight in his friendship and in particular to have been able to construct this intimate portrait one of the world's great scientists and human beings.
	www.vega.org.uk /~vegaradio/bands/1/info_14.php (337 words)

	Max PERUTZ
		La autobiografía de Perutz es una colección de ensayos en la que el autor medita sobre lo divino y la humano y considera a la ciencia como un esfuerzo de arte, imaginación y esfuerzo.
		Perutz nació el 19 de mayo de 1914 en Viena.
		Perutz aprendió los secretos de la difracción junto a Bernal y al también físico Isidor Fankuchen, y en 1937, como ya hemos señalado, aplicó estos conocimientos a la hemoglobina, la proteína mayoritaria de los glóbulos rojos (hematíes o eritrocitos) capaz de captar y liberar oxígeno, necesario para la respiración y la vida.
	radiologia.iespana.es /radiologia/temas/perutz/max_perutz.htm (727 words)

	TIME.com: Explorer of the Bloodstream -- Jun. 21, 1968 -- Page 1
		In those three decades, Perutz discovered much of what is now known about the hemoglobin molecule, which he rightly calls "an incredible apparatus." Scientists have long known that hemoglobin in the bloodstream carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and returns waste products from the tissues to be exhaled from the lungs.
		Each hemoglobin molecule, Perutz found, consists of 10,000 atoms, of which four are iron atoms that have an affinity for oxygen.
		By patient mathematical analysis of thousands of variations of this pattern (each produced by a Perutz technique of substituting mercury "tag" atoms for different atoms within the hemoglobin molecule), the structure of the complex molecule was carefully pieced together.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,900216,00.html (757 words)

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