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Topic: Maxillary second premolar

	Premolar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth.
		The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar.
		Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Premolar (149 words)

	Premolars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The mesial marginal ridges border the mesial groove, and the distal marginal ridge borders the distal groove.
		The single straight root of the mandibular first premolar is slightly shorter than the mandibular second premolar and a great deal shorter than the root of the mandibular canine.
		The buccal surface of the mandibular second premolar resembles the mandibular first premolar except it is not as long and it is wider.
	people.sinclair.edu /sueraffee/chapters14_15/premolar.htm (661 words)

	Premolars
		The premolar teeth are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth.
		Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceeded by deciduous molars.
		The mesial developmental depression and mesial marginal ridge are not present on the second premolar.
	www.uic.edu /classes/orla/orla312/PREMOLAR.htm (1067 words)

	ABO - Road to Certification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The buccal cusp of the maxillary second molar should align with the embrasure or interproximal contact between the mandibular first and second molars.
		The remaining occlusion distal to the maxillary second premolar and mandibular first molar are adjusted accordingly.
		The overjet is evaluated by articulating the models and viewing the labiolingual relationship of the maxillary arch relative to the mandibular arch.
	www.americanboardortho.com /professionals/road_to_cert/phase_iii/GradingSystem/gsys14.aspx (163 words)

	Dental Central Chapter 2 -- True or False
		In a Class III occlusion, the maxillary incisors overlap the mandibular incisors.
		In the adult dentition, the permanent maxillary first molar is in contact mesially with the permanent maxillary second premolar.
		The roots of the permanent maxillary second molar lie closer together than do the roots of the permanent maxillary first molar.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/dental/chapter2/truefalse1/deluxe-content.html (261 words)

	International Association of Equine Dentistry - Articles - 12/19/2002: "BIT SEATS - A DENTAL PROCEDURE FOR ENHANCING ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The rostral surfaces of the second premolars of horses that wear bits are often rounded and smoothed to improve athletic performance "Bit seat" (or "cheek seat") is a term used to denote the rounded and smoothed rostral portion of the second premolar.
		Bit seats were created on the maxillary second premolars by beveling the rostral portion of the teeth to the gumline.
		The rostral portion of the maxillary second premolars are beveled to the gum line, and the mandibular second premolars are rounded to approximately 1/2 their height.
	www.iaeqd.org /articles/00000012.html (1637 words)

	JIDA, March 1991; Vimal K. Sikri, Poonam Sikri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As the literature is incolcusive regarding the incidence of presence of extra root canals in maxillary second premolars, a detailed study is planned to investigate the anatomy of the root canals of extracted maxillary second premolar teeth.
		The results indicate that the maxillary second premolars exhibit 2 roots in 16.63% of specimens and one root in 83.37% of specimens studied.
		In maxillary second premolars, the canal orifice is centrally located, but often appears more as a slot than a single avoid opening.
	www.sikrivimal.com /sk_art7.htm (1917 words)

	Dental Assistant, The: An esthetic and removable orthodontic treatment option for patients: Invisalign®
		The maxillary midline was centered to the face and the mandibular midline was shifted 2mm to the left.
		Extrusion of her maxillary laterals and canines was attempted to achieve the esthetic alignment of the maxillary anteriors.
		All maxillary and mandibular teeth were aligned, the maxillary spaces were closed and the mandibular crowding resolved.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0MKX/is_5_71/ai_93306390 (1391 words)

	ABO - Road to Certification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		* For the malocclusion to satisfy the Class II Category requirement, the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary permanent first molar must occlude, at least on one side, in the embrasure between the mandibular second premolar and the mandibular permanent molar, or farther to the mesial.
		If the maxillary or mandibular permanent first molar is missing, the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolar must occlude in the embrasure between the mandibular first and second premolars, or farther to the mesial.
		If the maxillary permanent first molar is missing, the buccal cusp of the maxillary second premolar must occlude in the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular permanent first molar, or farther to the distal.
	www.americanboardortho.com /professionals/road_to_cert/phase_iii/exhibit/category_7 (182 words)

	Premolars; Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		the smallest lingual cusp of all the premolars.
		The central pit on the occlusal surface of a mandibular second premolar is usually displaced toward the:
		The maxillary second premolar may be distinguished from the maxillary first premolar because the second commonly has:
	dentistry.ouhsc.edu /intranet-Web/Courses/OCC8401/ReviewQuestions/Premolars/QuestionsPremolars.html (1477 words)

	Class II Combination Therapy (Distal Jet and Jasper Jumpers): a Case Report -- Bowman 27 (3): 213 -- Journal of ...
		The maxillary second right premolar is rotated and the left second primary molar is retained (the second permanent premolar is congenitally absent and will need to be prosthetically replaced in the future).
		(Note: the maxillary first molars were over-corrected by 2 mm in anticipation of anchorage loss during retraction.) (E) Distal jet conversion: mesial set-screw in the activation collar is locked onto the tube and the distal set-screw is locked onto the bayonet wire.
		Huerter, A. A retrospective evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet appliance,Master's thesis, St Louis University.
	jorthod.maneyjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/3/213 (1830 words)

	Crown Fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This difference could be attributed to greater bonding strength in the dentinal bonding group, greater risk of second injury in the younger acid-etching group, or difficulty in maintaining a dry operative field in the younger age group.
		The shear strengths of human incisors, canines, premolars, and molars and bovine incisors in the region of the dentinoenamel junction were tested.
		The aims of this in vitro study were to examine the fracture resistance of a group of extracted maxillary premolar teeth with mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) restorations of amalgam, and restored or unrestored simulated NCCL.
	www.iadt-dentaltrauma.org /Abstracts/crown_fracture.htm (3023 words)

	The Complete Denture Prosthesis
		On the working (discluding) side, the maxillary buccal cusps rise on the facial surfaces of the mandibular teeth as the palatal cusps are contacting the facial cusp inclines of the mandibular lingual cusps, providing the cross-tooth contact.
		In a lingualized set-up, the mesial fossa of the maxillary first premolar and the palatal cusps of the maxillary posterior teeth lie along or lingual to the crest of the ridge, just as in a balanced denture setup.
		In some cases it may be advantageous for the orientation of the maxillary posterior teeth to slightly splay away from the palatal midline.
	www.dentalcare.com /soap/olcourse/cdp/fab_trial/fab_trial07.htm (309 words)

	Norton Report-2
		The head was removed from the remainder of the body by incision of the mummified soft tissue maintaining the skull, cervical and thoracic vertebral column in normal continuity.
		The mandible was maintained in anatomic continuity with the skull by virtue of decomposed soft tissue at the areas of articulation with the skull and by an embalmer wire perforating the maxillary and mandibular anterior jaw structures.
		The second question was whether or not all inconsistencies in the dental records could be explained and the records documented as being authentic.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /parnell/norton2.htm (1879 words)

	Molars; Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		subsequent to the eruption of the maxillary teeth.
		the distal surface of the decidious mandibular second molar.
		The permanent maxillary second molar is similar to the maxillary first molar in all respects but one of the following.
	dentistry.ouhsc.edu /intranet-WEB/Courses/OCC8401/ReviewQuestions/Molars/QuestionsMolars.html (1399 words)

	The District of Columbia Academy of Veterinary Medicine
		The maxillary fourth premolar is a tri-rooted tooth with a large distal root and 2 mesial roots (mesiobuccal and mesiopalatal) emanating from a common root trunk.
		It is important to note that the root of the maxillary canine courses in a dorsal and distal direction with its apex directly above the mesial root of the maxillary second premolar.
		The periodontal flap incision begins in the buccal mucosa over the maxillary second premolar and is directed mesially, sloping towards the gingiva at the distal line angle of the canine tooth.
	www.dcavm.org /02jan.htm (11802 words)

	American Association Of Dental Radiographic Technicians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During surgery, the roots of the impacted second molar had to be sectioned to maintain continuity and avoid damage to the mandibular nerve.
		Since this radiopacity is wide and lacks sharp resolution, there is a suspicion that this may be the second premolar displaced posteriorly and toward the palate.
		The permanent second premolar is not in its usual position periapical to the second deciduous molar, tooth "A".
	www.aadmrt.org /static.aspx?content=currents/Abramovitch_spring03 (1830 words)

	OHSU School of Dentistry - Graduate Endodontics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Canal configuration of the mandibular second molar using a clinically oriented in vitro method.
		Eskoz N, Weine F. Canal configuration of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar.
		Peikoff M, Christie W, Fogel H. The maxillary second molar: variations in the number of roots and canals.
	www.ohsu.edu /sod/endo/classic_lit_topics/Morpho.html (527 words)

	In GPs office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The original photographs were unfortunately taken after the lower arch was banded and bracketed and the maxillary left molars are occluding with the buccal tubes on the lower molars, keeping the bite open.
		Buttons were bonded to the buccal surfaces of the maxillary left molars and elastics connected them to the lingual buttons on the mandibular left molars.
		It is is interested to note that within two weeks of treatment by "unlocking' the bite, the patient translated into a solid class 1 occlusion in an edge to edge position, and could not longer put her mandible into its pretreatment retruded position.
	www.cyberdontic.com /ingps.htm (255 words)

	Statistical Evaluation of the Apical Region of Maxillary Premolars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions, shape, and localization of the physiological foramen (PF) of maxillary first and second premolars.
		Methods: A total of 372 measurements were made in 120 first and 77 second maxillary premolars under a stereo microscope (32x).
		The maxillary second premolar with a single root had two foramens in 83.58%.
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2003SanAnton/techprogram/abstract_28309.htm (311 words)

	JIDA, April 1989; Vimal Sikri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The percentage of presence of second root canal varies from 2 to 30% as described by Ramkine-Wilson and Henry in 1965.
		5 presents the second root canal in maxillary second premolar.
		has stated that second maxillary premolar usually have one root canal but sometimes pulp canal branches at apical third with two foramina.
	www.sikrivimal.com /sk_art3.htm (934 words)

	How to incorporate dental radiology into your practice - DVM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Premolars: Place the film packet as close as possible to the inner surface of the cheek teeth.
		Aim the PID at the roots of the premolars at approximately 45-degrees.
		Anterior premolars: Place the patient in lateral recumbency, with the film against the anterior premolars to include the periapical area.
	www.dvmnewsmagazine.com /dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=94461&pageID=2 (931 words)

	CHERUBISM: FAMILIAL FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF THE JAWS
		Intra-oral radiographs show that the second molars and pre-molars are still not evident as calcified shadows, with the single exception of one maxillary second premolar, where half of the crown is now visible.
		, second premolars and second molars which would normally begin to calcify at 2 to 3 years (Kronfield, 1939), there was no evidence of their presence at the age of 5 years, and only one hypocalcified example at the age of 8 years.
		The maxillae are enlarged and show usually a uniform and diffuse rarefaction encroaching upon the maxillary sinuses to a greater or lesser degree (Caffey and Williams, 1951).
	www.timewarp.demon.co.uk /cherubism.html (4487 words)

	DENTIN.NET
		The root numbers indicated here are general guidelines on root number however it should be noted that considerable individual variation exists and almost anything is possible in exceptional cases.
		Maxillary first premolars are usually bifurcated while the maxillary second premolar usually has just one root.
		Maxillary molars have three roots, two roots on the facial and one on the lingual.
	dentin.net /sguide2.htm (2168 words)

	Optident Prize 2000 -- McKeown 29 (1): 3 -- Journal of Orthodontics
		The maxillary arch was narrow and the mandibular arch was broad
		3 mm in the mandibular arch and 10 mm in the maxillary arch.
		mandibular arch and 11 mm in the maxillary arch.
	jorthod.maneyjournals.org /cgi/content/full/29/1/3 (1810 words)

	Case Challenge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A 30-year old male was referred by a dental practitioner to the Department of Oral Radiology at the University of Lund, Sweden, for a radiological evaluation of chronic symptoms of inflammation on the right side of the maxilla.
		According to the patient, at age 12 he had surgery to remove a non-erupted maxillary right second premolar.
		The radiological examination included periapical radiographs of the right maxillary first premolar and canine, a panoramic radiograph, and frontal tomograms of the maxillary right premolar area.
	www.thejcdp.com /issue002/csechlng/01case.htm (183 words)

	The Use of Motorized Die Grinders
		The 5/8" x 2" round burr is used for reducing large maxillary second premolar hooks.
		The 4" extended burr is used with a burr guard to reduce overlong mandibular premolars.
		A second 6” extended burr is used with a low profile burr guard to allow excellent visibility and access when reducing overlong maxillary premolars and molars.
	harltons.com /use_of_motorized_die_grinders.htm (663 words)

	Clinical Practice Now
		The original Composipost was not radiopaque; the radiopacity was obtained in the second generation of the posts (Fig 1) by the injection of a high molecular weight element powder into the unpolymerised post structure.
		Causes of failure were categorised as root fracture, post fracture, post decementation, clinical and/or radiographic evidence of a marginal gap between tooth and restoration, and clinical and/or radiographic evidence of secondary caries contiguous with the restoration margins.
		It is important to avoid desiccation of the dentine as it might result in a collapse of collagen fibres in the dentine and thus prevent infiltration of the adhesive into the dentine itself.
	dentalpractice.uktradingco.com /Clinical/viewd.asp?ID=30 (1541 words)

	Education at UW School of Dentistry
		Maxillary or mandibular first or second premolar with one root and one root canal only (Exercise 2).
		Maxillary first or second molar with three separate roots (no third molars or fused roots) (Exercise 5).
		Please note that the suitability of teeth for the endodontic preclinical course depends on their having pulp chambers and root canals that are not too small (calcified) or too curved or tortuous.
	www.dental.washington.edu /education/incoming/extracted-teeth.htm (959 words)

	CWRU - DA Exam 1994 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a patient with a left canine protection, the mesiolingual surface of the maxillary right first molar contacts the distofacial surface of the mandibular right first molar during a left lateral excursion.
		Outer aspect of a maxillary lingual cusp and the inner aspect of a mandibular lingual cusp
		Inner aspect of a maxillary lingual cusp and the inner aspect of a mandibular lingual cusp
	www.cwru.edu /dental/web/da/examscomplete/withoutanswers/1994examfinalaprnoanswers.htm (2415 words)

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