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Topic: Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor

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	Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maximilian II of the Habsburg dynasty (July 31, 1527 – October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death.
		His first cousin Philip II of Spain, son of Charles V, was ahead of him in the line of succession, but under a 1553 agreement Maximilian displaced Philip as heir to the Imperial throne.
		Maximilian's policies of religious neutrality and peace in the Empire afforded its Roman Catholics and Protestants a breathing-space after the first struggles of the Reformation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (608 words)

	Emperor - LoveToKnow 1911
		In 1508 Maximilian I., being refused a passage to Rome by the Venetians, obtained from Pope Julius II.
		Thus the old and true sense of the term emperor - the sense in which it was connected with the church in the present and with Rome in the past - finally perished; and the term became partly an apanage of Bonapartism (Louis Napoleon resuscitated it as Napoleon III.
		Here the title of emperor designates the president of a federal state; and here the Holy Roman emperor of the 17th and 18th centuries, the president of a loose confederation of German states, may be said to have found his successor.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Emperor (1317 words)

	Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rudolf II von Habsburg was an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary.
		He was the eldest son and successor of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary; his mother was Maria of Spain, a daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
		Although he was a learned man, he was incapable of ruling effectively because he was plagued by melancholy and later subject to occasional fits of insanity, prompting members of his family to intervene in imperial affairs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (546 words)

	Courtly Lives - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
		Maximilian was Holy Roman Emperor (Sacrum Romanum Imperium) in 1486.
		Maximilian II was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Albrecht I (1248-1308), Holy Roman Emperor, and Duke of Austria in 1282.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/MaximilianI.html (1623 words)

	The Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire (German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a political conglomeration of lands in western and central Europe in the Middle Ages.
		That the Roman laws were created for an entirely different system and didn't fit the structure of the Empire was obviously secondary; the point here was that the court of the Emperor made an attempt to establish a legal constitution.
		After him all kings and emperors relied on the lands of their own family (Hausmacht): Louis IV of Wittelsbach (king 1314, emperor 1328–1347) relied on his lands in Bavaria; Charles IV of Luxembourg, the grandson of Henry VII, drew strength from his own lands in Bohemia.
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/holyromanempire.htm (3832 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Holy Roman Empire
		A political empire imposed across geographic and ethnic boundaries, at the start of the fourteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was comprised of present-day Germany and extended across Prussia, Hungary, Bohemia, Switzerland, and parts of southern and northern Italy.
		In an attempt to eliminate papal interference from German politics, Louis IV (1287-1347), in association with German princes, issued the Declaration of Rense in 1338 that stated that the emperor would be elected by an electoral college of German princes and that papal confirmation was unnecessary.
		The last emperor of the late Middle Ages was Maximilian I of Habsburg (1459-1519) who expanded the Holy Roman Empire and firmly established the Habsburg dynasty as a European power.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/holy.html (901 words)

	Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor - Timeline Index
		Maximilian was born in Vienna as the son of the Emperor Frederick III and Eleanore of Portugal.
		Wife of Maximilian of Austria (later Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold of Burgundy.
		Philip II, king of Spain and Portugal, was born at Valladolid, the only son of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Isabella of Portugal.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1237 (255 words)

	AllRefer.com - Maximilian II, 1527–76, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		However, Maximilian yielded and in 1562 swore to remain a Catholic and to allow his immediate heirs to be educated in Spain.
		He thereupon was elected king of the Romans, or Holy Roman emperor-elect (1562), and king of Hungary (1563).
		A candidate for the throne of Poland to succeed Henry of Anjou (Henry III of France), he was elected (1575) by the Polish diet as rival king to Stephen BAthory.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Maxi2HRE.html (301 words)

	CHRISTIANCOINS.HTML
		Holy Roman emperor from 1564, whose liberal religious policies permitted an interval of peace between Roman Catholics and Protestants in Germany after the first struggles of the Reformation.
		Maximilian, the eldest son of the future emperor Ferdinand I and the nephew of the emperor Charles V, received his education in Spain.
		SIGISMUND (1368-1437), Holy Roman emperor (1411-1437) and king of Hungary (1387-1437) and Bohemia (1419-1437), the son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.
	www.ancientbiblecoins.com /christiancoins.html (4210 words)

	Maximilian II
		Maximilian II, Roman emperor, was the eldest son of the emperor Ferdinand I by his wife Anne, daughter of Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and was born in Vienna on the 31st of July 1527.
		He was unable, however, to obtain the consent of Pope Pius IV to the marriage of the clergy, and in 1568 the concession of communion in both kinds to the laity was withdrawn.
		Meanwhile the relations between Maximilian and Philip of Spain had improved; and the emperor's increasingly cautious and moderate attitude in religious matters was doubtless due to the fact that the death of Philip's son, Don Carlos, had opened the way for the succession of Maximilian, or of one of his sons, to the Spanish throne.
	www.nndb.com /people/401/000096113 (868 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Francis II ruled thereafter as Francis I of the Austrian Empire (established in 1804).
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	Maximilian, II Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Maximilian's behavior remained ambiguous, and it was anticipated that he would favor Protestantism if he ever became emperor.
		Maximilian II's dealings with the German Protestants were made more difficult by the ferocious dogmatic hostilities between the several Lutheran sects and between the Lutherans and Calvinists.
		As was the case with all the emperors of the period, the Turkish threat in Hungary determined much of Maximilian's policy toward the German princes and foreign powers.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/maximilian-ii (523 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand II 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
		The Bohemians at first were successful and pressed upon Vienna, but Ferdinand, allied with Maximilian I of Bavaria and the Catholic League, won back Bohemia in 1620 in the battle of the White Mt. War continued in the Palatinate.
		• Maximilian I, 1573–1651, elector and duke of Bavaria
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Ferdi2HRE.html (486 words)

	Matthias
		Matthias, Holy Roman emperor, son of the emperor Maximilian II and Maria, daughter of the emperor Charles V, was born in Vienna, on the 24th of February 1557.
		The short reign of the new emperor was troubled by the religious dissensions of Germany.
		Meanwhile the younger Habsburgs, led by the emperor's brother, the Archduke Maximilian, and his cousin, Ferdinand, Archduke of Styria, afterwards the emperor Ferdinand II, disliking the peaceful policy of Klesl, had allied themselves with the unyielding Roman Catholics, while the question of the imperial succession was forcing its way to the front.
	www.nndb.com /people/381/000096093 (896 words)

	Worldroots.com
		(dghtr of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III and Eleonore Gonzaga -
		(dghtr of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna (Jagiello) of Bohemia -
		(dghtr of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Maria, Infanta of Spain -
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habs-e.htm (296 words)

	H-Net Review: Louis J. Reith on The Quest for Compromise: Peacemakers in Counter-Reformation ...
		The book is divided into three major divisions: (1) the emergence of an irenic court; (2) Maximilian II and the high point of irenicism; and (3) the failure of irenicism, with a conclusion and final epilogue.
		In his opening chapter on the conversion of Maximilian's key advisor, Lazarus von Schwendi, from confrontation to conciliation, Louthan demonstrates that this irenicist was not born that way but developed into a convinced opponent of compulsion and force by virtue of certain defining experiences in his life.
		Opposition to Maximilian II's irenical court accelerated with the growth of Counter-Reformation activity at the courts of Rudolf II, culminating in the bloody Thirty Years War that followed.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=22146919960248 (2038 words)

	Holy Roman Empire: Emperors — FactMonster.com
		Maximilian II, Holy Roman emperor (1564–76), king of Bohemia (1562–76) and of Hungary (1563–76)
		, Holy Roman emperor (1742–45) and, as Charles Albert, elector of Bavaria (1726–45)
		Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor - Ferdinand III, 1608–57, Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1626–57)...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0775517.html (556 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of the Holy Roman Empire and Its Emperors
		The Byzantine princess Theophano married Holy Roman Emperor Otto II in the 10th century.
		Renaissance Monarchy by Glenn Richardson is a comparative study of King Henry VIII, King Francis I, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The World of Emperor Charles V edited by W. Blockmans and Nicolette Mout.
		The Decline of the Holy Roman Empire and the Rise of Prussia
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/HolyRomanEmpire.html (1313 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Habsburg, Albert II the Lame of Austria, Duke of Austria
		Habsburg, Maximilian I of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
		Habsburg, Rudolf II of Austria, Duke of Austria
	worldroots.com /brigitte/habsburg.htm (286 words)

	Stephen BÃ¡thory - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		He was elected to succeed John II as prince of Transylvania.
		In Poland, he was elected by a majority to succeed Henry of Valois, who had left Poland in 1574 to rule France as Henry III.
		A minority voted for Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, who died before he could make good his claim.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/StphnB.asp (226 words)

	August 28: Ferdinand II becomes Holy Roman Emperor
		The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor.
		They must be dependent on the emperor, not the emperor on them." However, Ferdinand needed the electors' votes if his son, Ferdinand III, was to be made King of Rome, a step that would put him in line to become the next emperor.
		History of Christianity is a survey course designed to stimulate your curiosity by providing glimpses of some of the pivotal events in the spread Christianity and sketches of great Christian figures who have significantly affected Christian history thereby shaping the history of the world.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-28-2002.shtml (756 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		Conrad III came to the throne in 1138, being the first of the Staufen dynasty, which was about to restore the glory of the Empire even under the new conditions of the 1122 Concordat of Worms.
		The rise of the territories after the Stauffen After the death of Frederick II in 1250, none of the dynasties worthy of producing the king proved able to do so, and the leading dukes elected several competing kings.
		As opposed to the Reichsgut, which was mostly scattered and difficult to administrate, the territories were comparably compact and thus easier to control.
	home.comcast.net /~sylvanarrow/Holy_Roman_Empire.htm (3667 words)

	1576 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		End of the Fifth War of Religion Once again, the Protestants are granted freedom of worship.
		November 2 - Rudolf II becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
		The city Fredrikstad of Norway founded by king Frederick II of Denmark and Norway.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1576 (482 words)

	The Quest for Compromise - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Against a backdrop of rising religious and confessional dogmatism, the Emperor Maximilian II (1564-1576) assembled a remarkable cast of courtiers who resisted extremes of both Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
		Maximilian II and the High Point of Irenicism: Introduction; 3.
		The funeral of Maximilian II: struggling for the soul of central Europe; 9.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?ISBN=052158082X (338 words)

	Emperor – pictures of emperors - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Emperor – pictures of emperors - List of Items - MSN Encarta
		Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor, was in continual conflict with the papacy.
		He was excommunicated in 1227 for failing to lead a Crusade, but was...
	encarta.msn.com /refedlist_210053714_25/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Frederick_II.html (37 words)

	Rudolph II, Ferdinand IV and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperors:
		Notes: Rudolph II (1552-1612), the son of Maximilian II, was Holy Roman emperor 1576-1612.
		Ferdinand IV, the son of Ferdinand III, was Holy Roman emperor 1633-54.
		Joseph I (1678-1711), the son on Leopold I, was Holy Roman emperor 1705-11.
	www.christophereimer.co.uk /single/7813.html (257 words)

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