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Topic: Maximilian Sforza

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	Sforza - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan.
		His son Francesco Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.
		After the French were driven out by Imperial Swiss troops Maximilian Sforza, son of Ludovico became Duke of Milan, until the French returned under Francis I of France and imprisoned him.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Sforza (192 words)

	f. Italy. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Sforza was captured and died (1508) in a French prison.
		Milan was given to Maximilian Sforza (son of Ludovico).
		The LEAGUE OF COGNAC, a coalition of Francis I, the pope, Sforza, Venice, and Florence against Charles and the Spaniards.
	www.bartleby.com /67/607.html (1253 words)

	Hofkirche - Emperor Maximilian I. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Maximilian was born on the 22 of March in 1459 in the castle of Wiener Neustadt.
		The name Maximilian was chosen because Saint Maximilian as a martyr bishop of Pannonia was to signal the duty of the young prince in the fight against the Turks.
		Maximilian died on the 12th of January 1519 in the Castle of Wels.
	www.hofkirche.at /en/maxleben.shtml (336 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Sforza @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		SFORZA [Sforza], Italian family that ruled the duchy of Milan from 1450 to 1535.
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444-76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo's daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?-1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Sforza&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (652 words)

	info: Maximilian_Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Swiss later restored the duchy of Milan to Ludovico's son, Maximilian Sforza.
		The Surrender of Milan is personified by Francis and Maximilian Sforza, conveniently omitting that they met in Pavia after the event.
		His victory at Marignano (1515) over the Swiss who were defending Maximilian Sforza established the young king's reputation in Italy.
	www.info-assicurazione.com /Maximilian_Sforza.html (344 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: League of Cambrai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Maximilian, using his journey to Rome for the Imperial coronation as a pretext, entered Venetian territory with a large army in February 1508 and advanced on Vicenza, but was defeated by a Venetian army under Bartolomeo d'Alviano.
		Julius and the Venetians insisted that Maximilian Sforza be permitted to keep the Duchy of Milan; Emperor Maximilian and Ferdinand conspired instead to have one of their cousins installed as duke.
		The unpopularity of Maximilian Sforza, who was seen by the Milanese as a puppet of his Swiss mercenaries, enabled the French to move through Lombardy without encountering any significant resistance until, on June 6, they were confronted by the Swiss at the Battle of Novara, where they were routed despite having superior numbers.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=League_of_Cambrai (3452 words)

	Maximilian Sforza - TheBestLinks.com - TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1500, 1515, Francis I of France, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Maximilian Sforza - TheBestLinks.com - TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1500, 1515, Francis I of France,...
		Maximilian Sforza, Sforza, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1500, 1515...
		Maximilian Sforza was Duke of Milan beween the occupations of Louis XII of France in 1500?, and Francis I of France in 1515.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Maximilian_Sforza.html (103 words)

	The Titles of the European Rulers
		In this battle, the French army was defeated, and it led to the restoration of the Sforza rule in Milan.
		After the death of the last Sforza Duke in 1535, Emperor Charles V (+1558) added the Duchy of Milan, which was an Imperial fief, to his possessions.
		< Galeaz-Mary Sforza (+1476), Duke of Milan 1466; ~ (2) 1441 Bona of Savoy (+1485) >
	www.geocities.com /eurprin/milan.html (934 words)

	BATTLE OF MARIGNANO BOOKS SOURCE, FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
		The Battle of Marignano, in the phase of the Italian_Wars (1494–1559) that is called the "War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai", was a victory for French forces that took place on 13 and 14_September, 1515, at a location, today called Melegnano, 16 km south east of Milan.
		On one side were the French forces of Francis I and some German ''landsknechts''—and, eventually, his Venetian allies—and on the other the mercenaries of the Swiss Confederation, since 1512 in control of Milan, where the nominal Sforza duke, Massimiliano—son of Lodovico_il_Moro, whom the French had previously defeated for possession of Milan—was under Swiss control.
		The bloody battle of Marignano was fought to retake control of the duchy_of_Milan, the French gate to Italy.
	www.lilbooks.com /Battle_of_Marignano (603 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - Francis I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He took advantage of this at "the interview of Bologna" to bring to a successful termination the efforts of his predecessors, Charles VII and Louis XI, to impose on Leo X the concordat which governed the organization of the French Church from that time till the end of the old regime (see FRANCE).
		The death of Emperor Maximilian I (1519) led Francis I to dispute the imperial crown with Charles of Austria who had recently inherited the crown of Spain.
		Surrounded on the south, north-east, and east by the states of Charles V, Francis I, immediately after his interview of the Field of the Cloth of Gold with Henry VIII of England (1520), began the struggle with the House of Austria which was to be prolonged, with occasional truces, until 1756.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/06207a.htm (1143 words)

	Commentarii rerum gestyarum Francisci Sfortiae. [Ed. Francesco Putealano]. Milan, Antonio Zarotto, 23 January [ : ...
		Francesco Sforza is perhaps the best example of an opportunist condottiere who became a respected prince; he was employed by Duke Filippo Maria Visconti whose daughter Bianca Maria he married in 1443.
		Simonetta's further purpose was to aid Sforza's ambition to gain imperial investiture, a goal finally achieved by the marriage of Bianca Maria Sforza to Maximilian I. The Commentarii appear to have been written between 1473 and 1476 but were not finally published until around 1482.
		This was mainly due to the changing political climate in Milan; the features of the work which made it one of the century's outstanding examples of humanistic historical writing (political realism, its bald apology for power and consequent detachment from the sentimental mythology of Milanese city traditions) made it locally unpalatable.
	www.maggs.com /title/CO17460.asp (451 words)

	A Horse for the Duke / A Horse for Leonardo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A monument to celebrate the status and the exploits of Francesco Sforza was first proposed during Galeazzo Maria’s rule.
		Francesco’s son planned to build a life-size, bronze equestrian statue to be placed inside the Sforza Castle, in the ravelin towards the square or however in a place where it would create a great impression.
		It was certainly there in 1493, when the wedding between Bianca Maria Sforza and Maximilian of Hapsburg was celebrated: in fact, there are no valid reasons to believe that the model had been publicly exhibited, contrary to what some poets of the time claim.
	www.museoscienza.org /English/leonardo/cavallo/cap4.htm (906 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - Archdiocese of Milan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The expulsion of the French from Italy ensued upon the death of Gaston de Foix, the victor of Ravenna (1512), and Milan was given to Maximilian Sforza, a son of Ludovico il Moro, although the Spaniards were its real masters.
		The French had been definitively excluded from the peninsula by the battle of Pavia when Francis II, a brother of Maximilian, became duke, and at his death Charles V took the Duchy of Milan for himself, and bequeathed it to his successors on the Spanish throne.
		Roberto Visconti, who succeeded John in 1354, was obliged to enter into litigation with his brothers for the property of the Church, which they regarded as the personal property of their uncle.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/10298a.htm (3605 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Sforza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		His son Francesco Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke of Milan from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Sforza; all previous versions may be viewed here.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Sforza (459 words)

	Sforza
		Francesco I Sforza - Sforza, Francesco I, 1401–66, duke of Milan (1450–66); illegitimate son of Muzio...
		Ludovico Sforza - Sforza, Ludovico or Lodovico, b.
		Sforza, Carlo, Conte - Sforza, Carlo, Conte, 1872–1952, Italian foreign minister.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (575 words)

	Leonardo da Vinci - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From 1478 to 1499 Leonardo worked for Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan [2] and maintained his own workshop with apprentices there.
		Seventy tons of bronze that had been set aside for Leonardo's "Gran Cavallo" horse statue were cast into weapons for the Duke to save Milan from the French under Charles VIII in 1495 — see also Italian Wars.
		When the French returned under Louis XII in 1498, Milan fell without a fight, overthrowing Sforza [3].
	open-encyclopedia.com /Leonardo_da_Vinci (2074 words)

	Matthæus Schinner
		As a reward for securing this alliance, he was made Bishop of Novara and also cardinal in 1511.
		In 1512, as papal legate for Italy and Germany, he was appointed commander of a Swiss and Venetian army, drove the French from Milan, and established Maximilian Sforza as duke.
		However, as Louis XII again captured Milan after the death of Julius II, Schinner one more took the field at the head of the Swiss Confederates, and defeated the French in the battle of Novara (1513).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/schinner,matthaeus.html (585 words)

	Illustrious People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The second and ablest son of Francesco Sforza, he has been described as 'the perfect type of the despot' (Burckhardt), though Machiavelli had disparaged him for misjudgments which lost him the duchy of Milan.
		Lodovico's foreign policy just before Charles VIII's invasion was dominated by hostility to Naples and the influence there of Giangalcazzo's wife; in 1493 he overturned traditional Sforza diplomacy by allying with Venice and the Pope against Naples and Florence, and encouraged Charles VIII's expedition in spite of the Orléanist claim to Milan.
		In 1496 he encouraged Maximilian's inconsequential expedition to assist Pisa against Florence, tied to its French alliance; in 1499, inadequately prepared, he faced the attack of Louis XII allied with Venice.
	www.wga.hu /database/glossary/illustri/sforza_l.html (486 words)

	The Romagna campaign of 1494
		In 1493 Ludovico Sforza, seeking investiture of Genoa from the French monarch, had agreed that the French fleet could enjoy its harbour facilities; from April the following year ships, from galleys to large vessels, began to assemble there, where others were being built to the French king's specifications.
		Certainly when in late August 1494 the duke of Calabria appealed to Caterina Sforza, he claimed the intention of his army was to restore her half-brother, Giangaleazzo, as ruler of the duchy of Milan.
		He informed her that the king of France was coming to dispossess King Alfonso of the kingdom of Naples by military means, and he sought her assurance that she would allow passage to the French and allied army, through the territories she controlled and sell it provisions.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/clough.htm (9239 words)

	Consolidation of power (from Maximilian I) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		More results on "Consolidation of power (from Maximilian I)" when you join.
		He was born Aug. 18, 1830, the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles.
		His mother, Sophia, was the daughter of Maximilian I, king of Bavaria.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-4726 (743 words)

	Sforza
		Sforza Enterprises, Inc. Appoints Chief Financial Officer and Director of Operations.
		Sforza Enterprises, Inc. Announces First Quarter 1999 Gains.
		Sforza Enterprises Retains OTC Financial Network for Comprehensive Investor Relations Campaign.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0844623.html (637 words)

	Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa's Renaissance Man
		Leonardo spent 17 years working for Sforza, until he fell from power in Milan in 1499.
		After Sforza left power in Milan, Leonardo moved back to Florence where he began to work for Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI.
		In 1506 da Vinci ceased working for Borgia and moved back to Milan, where he began work for Maximilian Sforza, after some Swiss mercenaries removed the French.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2davincil.htm (761 words)

	Leonardo da Vinci, Famous Italians
		From around 1482 to 1499, Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, employed Leonardo and permitted him to operate his own workshop complete with apprentices.
		It was here that seventy tons of bronze that had been set aside for Leonardo's "Gran Cavallo" horse statue were cast into weapons for the Duke in an attempt to save Milan from the French under Charles VIII in 1495.
		From 1513 to 1516, he lived in Rome, where painters like Raphael and Michelangelo were active at the time, though he did not have much contact with these artists.
	www.magicaljourneys.com /Italy/italy-culture-people-leonardo.html (2149 words)

	Bulletin 26, The Monumental Style of Fontainebleau and its Consequences: Antoine Caron and "The Submission of Milan" by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		During this time Maximilian Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and Matthias Schimmer, Cardinal Sion, withdrew to the Citadel, coming to the hard decision to negotiate and evacuate (fig.
		In acquiescing to Francis's hereditary pretentions to the duchy of Milan, Maximilian received some 30,000 ducats pension and went into retirement in France under more favourable terms than had his predecessor, Ludovico il Moro, who died in chains at Loches.
		Since the Ottawa picture is only slightly larger than of France the Caron drawing, the very addition of colour might be of aid in the conclusive identification of any summarily indicated motifs.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /bulletin/num26/johnson2.html (1023 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Sigismund I of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Marriage (2): Bona Sforza of Milan in 1518
		Sigismund next married Bona Sforza of Milan in 1518.
		(Bona Sforza of Milan was born on 2 Feb 1494 and died on 19 Nov 1557.)
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/5286.htm (435 words)

	Ambrogio De Predis (1455 - 1508) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		While working as the court painter to the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, he hosted Leonardo da Vinci upon his arrival to Milan in 1483.
		Ambrogio spent a year in Innsbruck in 1493 to stay with the new wife of Emperor Maximilian I, Sforza’s daughter.
		His only surviving painting is a portrait of Emperor Maximilian that was done in 1502.
	wwar.com /masters/p/predis-ambrogio_de.html (362 words)

	Maximilian Sforza -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Maximilian Sforza -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Maximilian (additional info and facts about Sforza) Sforza was (additional info and facts about Duke of Milan) Duke of Milan between the occupations of (additional info and facts about Louis XII of France) Louis XII of France in 1500?, and (additional info and facts about Francis I of France) Francis I of France in 1515.
		See also (additional info and facts about Italian Wars) Italian Wars.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/maximilian_sforza.htm (74 words)

	SparkNotes: Leonardo da Vinci: Review Test
		Leonardo said that he wanted "to write down what the soul was." This impulse led to which of his studies?
		When he was preparing to enter the service of Ludovico Sforza, Leonardo wrote a letter detailing his skills at what?
		About what age was Leonardo when he began his apprenticeship?
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/davinci/quiz.html (531 words)

	latvia.ca - Francesco Sforza Bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
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	www.latvia.ca /Francesco-Sforza-Bio/reference/search (136 words)

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