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Topic: May 3rd Constitution

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	Constitution - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		For example, in the Constitution of Australia, most of its fundamental political principles and regulations concerning the relationship between branches of government, and concerning the government and the individual are codified in a single document, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia.
		Constitutions vary extensively as to the degree of separation of powers, usually meaning the constitutional separation of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government.
		A "constitutional violation" is an action or legislative act that is judged by a constitutional court to be contrary to the constitution, that is, "unconstitutional".
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/constitution (4059 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Constitution
		Constitution of Poland), and sub-national or provincial (e.g.
		However, the presence of statutes with constitutional significance, namely the Statute of Westminster, as adopted by the Commonwealth in the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942, and the Australia Act 1986 means that Australia's constitution is not contained in a single constitutional document.
		A "constitutional violation"?title=is an action or legislative act that is judged by a constitutional court to be contrary to the constitution, that is, "unconstitutional".
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Constitution (4127 words)

	Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The adoption of the May 3rd Constitution provoked the active hostility of the Polish Commonwealth's neighbors.
		The May 3rd Constitution was a response to the increasingly perilous situation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, only a century and a half earlier a major European power and indeed the largest state on the continent.
		The Constitution abolished several institutional sources of government weakness and national anarchy, including the liberum veto, confederations, confederated sejms (paradoxically, the Four-Year Sejm was itself a confederated sejm), and the excessive sway of sejmiks (regional sejms) stemming from the binding nature of their instructions to their Sejm deputies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 (3760 words)

	May 3rd Doc
		To the Poles and their descendants May 3rd is a national holiday for it bestows upon the Pole a priceless heritage of humanitarianism, tolerance and a democratic precept conceived at a time when most of Europe lived under the existence of unconditional power and tyranny exemplified by Prussia and Russia.
		The May 3rd, 1791 Constitution was the first liberal constitution in Europe and second in the world, after the Constitution of the United States.
		In terms of democratic precepts, the May 3rd Constitution is a landmark event in the history of Central and Eastern Europe.
	www.polishamericancenter.org /May3rdDoc.htm (820 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Essay Page - Celebrating May 3rd - a very Polish occasion. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Poland's aggressive neighbors saw to it that the May 3rd Constitution was never implemented, but to this day it has helped to generate healthy pride among people of Polish ancestry everywhere.
		Third of May Exhibition: An exhibition of documents, art reproductions and artifacts connected with the Third of May Constitution as well as other traditional Polish emblems, symbols, uniforms, historical mementos, folkcrafts, etc. would be a fitting way to commemorate this occasion.
		May 3rd patriotic assembly: This gathering (known in Polish as an 'akademia trzeciomajowa') could begin with the playing of the national anthems of Poland and the US.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/essay/2001/essay60_4.shtml (1475 words)

	May 3rd 1791, Constitution Day \| Sir Humphrey's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It was passed after the need for reform was recognised not by people wishing to secede from from foreign rule (as in the US), not by the peasantry who overthrew and killed the aristocracy (as in France), but by the aristocracy themselves, signed by the last King of Poland.
		The American Constitution was drafted by men who had rebelled from the tyranny of the British crown, and who sought to escape the burdens of taxation.
		Indeed, the Constitution of 1791 epitomized a recognition that duty and responsibility were the true foundations of liberty.
	www.sirhumphreys.com /node/5112 (603 words)

	3rdMay
		For 123 years of foreign occupation (1792-1918) and again from 1939 to 1989, the Third of May Constitution kept the Polish spirit alive as a symbol of freedom, generated healthy pride among people of Polish ancestry everywhere and inspired them to fight to regain their lost independence.
		Constitution Day Marathon: A marathon race to mark the anniversary of the May 3rd Constitution is likely to win considerable popularity, especially in areas where such events are not normally held.
		Constitution Day Banquet: One way to keep in the spirit of the occasion would be to serve the kind of foods the framers of the May 3rd Constitution as well as Kosciuszko and Pulaski enjoyed.
	www.polamjournal.com /Library/Holidays/3rdMay/3rdmay.html (1704 words)

	House of Poland, Inc. - Polish cottage in Balboa Park, San Diego , California. - Polish Constitution of the 3rd of May ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		- Polish Constitution of the 3rd of May 1791
		The American Constitution was forged in the fire of the American War of Independence, and the French was produced by the Revolution.
		The Constitution of May 3 established a constitutional monarchy, abolished elections of kings, and enacted a hereditary throne.
	www.houseofpoland.org /html/polish_constitution_of_the_3rd.html (880 words)

	Constitution Day: May 3, 1791
		Although we may reject the contrasting philosophies both of von Hertzberg and of Marx, their respect for the Polish Constitution reveals the inherent integrity of that instrument.
		The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, is a reflection of the Polish spirit, a spirit that is devoted to truth and justice at all times, under all circumstances, and despite all impediments.
		The Constitution of May 3, 1791, stands for the proposition that free people everywhere must step forward despite all odds, to undertake the burdens of serving as champions of liberty.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/constitution.html (1330 words)

	Japan in May
		The Constitution of Japan came into force on May 3, 1947 leading to the annual celebration of the event.
		This constitution was written while the country was still under American occupation and reflects Western thinking in that it holds that sovereignty lies with the people and not the Emperor, and that people have fundamental human rights.
		Each test is important to the students as the results on their tests end up determining what type of high school, college or university they can enter which itself largely determines what kind of job they will be able to get so competition on these exams is quite keen.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jmay.html (593 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Their crowning achievement was adoption of the Constitution on May 3, 1791.
		By effecting a rapid transition from an unworkable feudal anarchy to a modern constitutional monarchy, the Constitution was designed to abolish the abuses of power that had plagued Poland for centuries.
		In response, she ordered her armies to smash the newly formed government and then supported creation of the Confederation of Targowica, a group of aristocrats who wanted to keep power in their own hands and were, therefore, opposed to the reforms.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history4.htm (1735 words)

	Japanese Holidays
		March 3rd of each year is "Hina-matsuri" or Girl's Festival (you may also hear it called Doll Day, or some similar name- I did).
		May 3rd is Constitution Memorial Day, also a national holiday.
		Translates as 7-5-3; this festival, celebrated on November 15th is a time when boys (aged 3 and 5) and girls (ages 3 and 7) are taken by their parents to a local shrine to give thanks for their health and growth so far, and to pray for their future.
	bi-lingual.com /School/JapaneseHolidays.htm (1159 words)

	City celebrates Polish Constitution: 5/3/02
		"To the Poles and their descendants, May 3rd is a national holiday because it bestows upon a Pole a priceless heritage of humanitarianism, tolerance and democratic precepts, conceived at a time when most of Europe lived under the unconditional power and tyranny exemplified by Prussia and Russia," he explained.
		"The May 3rd Constitution was the first liberal constitution in Europe and the second in the world, following the Constitution of the United States.
		Mayor Kalisz has declared May 1-12 as a time to honor the Polish Constitution and, during that period, the Polish flag will fly alongside the U.S. flag at City Hall Square..
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-02/05-03-02/a04lo025.htm (270 words)

	May 4 Archive - Appendices
		The gathering on the Commons on May 4, 1970, was in violation of the directive of May 3rd, issued by the University Vice President in charge of Student Affairs.
		Whatever may have been in the minds of those who harassed and otherwise taunted the National Guard, it is clear that from the time the Guard reached the practice football field, they were on the defensive and had every reason to be concerned for their own welfare.
		However, on May 5, 1970, subsequent to the shooting, the Governor amended his April 29, 1970 Proclamation to recite that the forces committed to Kent State were included in the call to active service of the April 29, 1970 Proclamation.
	www.may4archive.org /appendices.shtml (19267 words)

	The Avalon Project : U.S. Constitution : Article IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
		A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.
		The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/art4.htm (333 words)

	may (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Saxons began their May day celebrations on the eve of May, April 30.
		Now May Day is a day when people take off work and spend time with their family.
		May 3rd is a national holiday because gave the Poles a priceless heritage of goodwill and democracy.
	www.bsu.edu /web/cmrusk/may.html (214 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Swieta - Holidays - Constitution of May 3 - 3 Maja - Dzien Uchwalenia Konstytucji. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The American Constitution of September 17, 1787 was the oldest.
		To the Poles and their descendants May 3rd is a national holiday for it bestows upon the Pole a priceless heritage of humanitarianism, tole-rance and a democratic precept conceived at a time when most of Europe lived under the existence of unconditional power and tyranny exemplified by Prussia and Russia.
		Poland's parliamentary system actually began at the turn of the 15th century, but a series of defensive wars, internal stresses, outside influences,widespread permis-siveness and excessive concern for the rights of dissent brought Poland to the brink of disaster and anarchy in the 18th century.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/swieta/2001/swieta9.shtml (1400 words)

	Sarah Jansma Online
		The third is May 4th, which is called ‘Between Day’ and is only a national holiday because it falls between two other national holidays (hence the name, creative eh?).
		The final holiday is May 5th, Children’s Day or the Boy’s Festival.
		On this day families pray for the health and future success of their sons and hang huge flags that look like fish (don’t worry, the Girl’s Festival is several months prior on March 3rd).
	www.geocities.com /jansmasarah/May.html (2869 words)

	JapanCorner - The Benihana Guide to Japan
		May 3rd is Constitution Day (kenpo kinenbi) which celebrates the day in 1947 when the new post-war constitution was adopted.
		May 5th is Children's Day (kodomo-no-hi) and recently May 4th or Citizen Rest Day (kokumin-no-kyuitsu) was created in order to make a continuous holiday for all the Japanese people.
		Golden Week is the longest holiday in Japan after the New Years holiday and most businesses and all schools are closed for the week.
	www.japancorner.com /golden-week.asp (128 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The 3rd of May is a very special day in Polish history.
		Since then, the Third of May Constitution has been, for all Poles, a symbol of progress, independence, and the rule of law - values so important in the contemporary world and to Poland and the United States of America in particular.
		The purpose of the initiative is to utilize each anniversary of the Third of May Constitution in this country as an opportunity to commemorate and publicize Poland's achievements and, in particular, the contributions of Poles to the cultural development of the United States.
	www.polishworld.com /pwguests/3may/embassyletter.htm (331 words)

	May 3rd
		Leo X employed him to draw up a new constitution for Florence, and his eminent diplomatic skill was brought into play in a variety of missions.
		He may have been honestly advocating his own principles and opinions, influenced more or less by gratitude to the country which had done so much for him; yet, it must be confessed, much of his connection with Russia, and his own accounts of it, seem involved in obscurity.
		Garrick, by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses, enclosed in the far-famed cassolette or casket, made from the veritable mulberry tree planted by Shakspeare.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/may/3.htm (3508 words)

	Polish Music Newsletter, vol. 11, no. 5, May 2005
		May marks the beginning of summer Chopin concert season in the Royal £azienki Park and in ¯elazowa Wola.
		MAY 8: Sunday, 3:30 P.M. 60th Anniversary of the end of WWII mass at the Cathedral of Our Lady of Angels.
		MAY 14: Saturday, 9:30 A.M. "America's Friends: The Images of Poland." An uplifting blend of history, discussion and music.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/news/may05.html (2403 words)

	Link Banners - Aichi Center for Japanese Studies
		Each of the May banners were contributed by Roger Fung, a student in the AIJP from Hong Kong.
		The Constitution of Japan came into force on the 3rd of May, 1947.
		On this day, the anniversary of the Constitution is celebrated with ceremonies across the country.
	www.yamasa.org /acjs/english/link_may.html (508 words)

	John Sikorski's Journal -- May -- Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		May 3rd is also a national holiday, the anniversary of the passing of the historic Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		Mane people, especially in the United States, where knowledge of Polish and Central European history, in general, is at a miserable low, do not realize that this constitution was the second written constitution in the world, and the first in Europe.
		I will go down into the chronicles of time as one of the hundreds of thousands of people who have come together to worship and celebrate the death and glorious witness to the faith of such a great saint.
	www.nd.edu /~ndethics/news/may/may.shtml (3412 words)

	3 May 1791
		Supporters of the constitution, particularly the emerging middle classes who stood to gain from the document as it officially recognised their rights to owning property, crowded the chamber of the parliament and the public galleries.
		EU The primary function of a constitution is to lay out the limits of power the state has over the individual.
		The constitution, and the old EU in general, is very much a French project.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1395288/posts (1783 words)

	Brief Background - 3rd of May (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Inspired by the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitution of 1787, the people of Poland formed and adopted the first democratic constitution in Europe on May 3, 1791.
		In an attempt to unite the people of Poland against its enemies, the Constitution of the 3rd of May was adopted.
		Over the years, the endless Polish quest for freedom, peace and justice, and the ideals of the May 3rd Constitution united the Polish nation and the world's Polonia.
	www.polishamericancenter.org /Brief_May3.html (236 words)

	Polonia Global Fund · PGF - making the world a global village (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It may have to be over the phone, though, rather than in person.
		The two principal places to celebrate Dyngus in the United States are Buffalo, NY and Sandusky, OH.
		If you are in the Cleveland, TN area on April 8th, turn out for the Festival of Cultures.
	www.pgf.cc /heritage/constitution_1791.htm (3135 words)

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