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Topic: Maya Long Count Calendar

	Maya calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Mesoamerican calendar did not originate with the Maya, their subsequent extensions and refinements to it were the most sophisticated.
		The Maya numeral system was essentially vigesimal (i.e., base-20), and each unit of a given position represented 20 times the unit of the position which preceded it.
		As a calendar for keeping track of the seasons, the Haab' was crude and inaccurate, since it treated the year as having 365 days, and ignored the extra quarter day (approximately) in the actual tropical year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maya_Long_Count_Calendar (4046 words)

	Talk:Maya calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jenkins claims that the Maya choose the start date for their long count, such that that long-awaited, never-seen-before event (the "special day" of the sun crossing the galactic plane, and the day of the winter solstice, both occuring on the same day) will occur on the end date.
		The essentials of the calendar system were worked out as long ago as 1880 by Ernst Förstermann, and the correlation between the Long Count system and our present western (Julian/Gregorian) calendar now overwhelmingly accepted was first published by Joseph Goodman in 1905, and later refined and confirmed by Martinez Hernandez and J.
		Assuming by "sacred mayan calendar" he refers to the completion of 18 20-day "months", the various pronouncements that it is not (directly or alone) a record of earth's, the solar system's, or the galaxy's 'cycles' is again not a revelation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Maya_calendar (9391 words)

	The Classic Maya Calendar and Day Numbering System
		The lunisolar calendar, in which the ritual month is based on the Moon and the agricultural year on the Sun, was used throughout the ancient Near East (except Egypt) and Greece from the third millennium BC.
		Early calendars used either thirteen lunar months of 28 days or twelve alternating lunar months of 29 and 30 days and haphazard means to reconcile the 354/364-day lunar year with the 365-day solar year.
		This amounts to (a) selection of an origin for the initial long count, (b) selection of the calendar round corresponding to that count, and (c) correlating a specific long-count date on the Maya calendar with the corresponding date on the Gregorian calendar.
	www.eecis.udel.edu /~mills/maya.html (1343 words)

	The Ancient Maya - History
		Maya history can be characterized as cycles of rise and fall: city-states rose in prominence and fell into decline, only to be replaced by others.
		The earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among the Maya, although the solar calendar may have been known and used by the Maya before this date.
		The Emperor Pacal dies at the age of 80 and is buried in the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque.
	www.digitalmeesh.com /maya/history.htm (639 words)

	History & info - the Mayan calendar
		The Maya calendar was adopted by the other Mesoamerican nations, such as the Aztecs and the Toltec, which adopted the mechanics of the calendar unaltered but changed the names of the days of the week and the months.
		The Haab was the civil calendar of the Mayas.
		When the Long Count was put into motion, it was started at 7.13.0.0.0, and 0 Yaxkin corresponded with Midwinter Day, as it did at 13.0.0.0.0 back in 3114 B.C.E. The available evidence indicates that the Mayas estimated that a 365-day year precessed through all the seasons twice in 7.13.0.0.0 or 1,101,600 days.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-mayan.html (1295 words)

	World Mysteries - Articles by Will Hart
		Maya scholars do not generally accept his proposal that the Long Count was configured 2,100 years ago.
		The calendar was based upon “synthetic numbers” that had 13 as the seed number, which were used to carefully measure and track the solar year, the synodic periods of Venus, Mars, and Mercury as well as to tabulate much longer cycles.
		John either acknowledge that you are aware that the actual Maya Long Count calendar was configured to track the course of a Solar Age(s), which included a focus upon the transit of Venus cycle or deny that this true.
	www.world-mysteries.com /gw_whart2.htm (2842 words)

	The Maya Civilization, Maya Numerals and Calendar - BY LUIS DUMOIS
		This means that the Maya counted from zero to nineteen before they had to move to the next order, instead of using 10 digits, from zero to nine, as we do.
		Maya numerals were written with only three symbols: a dot for one; a line, which is a five, and the glyph of a sea shell to represent zero.
		Every date expressed in long count terms contained five numerals, that is, the number of baktuns, katuns, tuns, uinals and kins elapsed from the "beginning of time", according to the Maya system.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/ldumois/maya/ldmayanumbers.html (970 words)

	The Maya Civilization, The Time-Line - FROM THE MAYA INSIGHT SERIES OF ARTICLES - BY LUIS DUMOIS
		The earliest known solar calendars carved in stone are in use among the Maya.
		The Maya highlands fall under the domination of Teotihuacán, and the disintegration of Maya culture and language begins in some parts of the highlands.
		A Quiché Maya woman from Guatemala named Rigoberta Menchú, who has lost most of her family to the death squads and is known for speaking out against the extermination of the Maya, wins the Nobel Peace Prize.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/ldumois/maya/ldmayatimeline.html (989 words)

	The Solar System as Maya Long-Count
		It is difficult to think that a people who could not count a 365c day-count properly would evidently have trouble in counting an enormously long count such as the alautun category.
		But, again, supposing the ancient maya were counting other aspects of nature, such as, the distance of the planets from the Sun or, the distance traveled by the planets around the Sun.
		The maya long count begins with a significant 360c count (the tun), and ends with the alautun, 2304c count.
	www.earthmatrix.com /orbital/solar_system_maya.htm (1949 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| 2012 Calendar Convergence \| apocalypse Aztec dreamspell calendar 2012 ...
		Zero day for the Maya calendar was 13.0.0.0.0 of the Long Count, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku of the Calendar Round, and on a day when the 9th Lord of the Night was ruling; or, by our calendar, August 11, 3114 BCE.
		The Julian calendar, standardized in 46 BCE, was revised by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 CE.
		There was also a Long Count calendar which started at [0.0.0.0.0] (with Maya record) on August 11, 3114 BCE according to the ‘Goodman, Martinez-Hernandez, and Thompson’ correlation (nicknamed "GMT"), the most widely accepted correlation between the Maya and Gregorian calendar.
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /converg.html (2871 words)

	Mayan prophecy
		During this period the Maya built temples and monuments, created numerous works of art and writings, continued their astronomical observations, and built a network of cities.
		One is known as the Long Count calendar, which is reset to day 0 every 1,872,000 days, a period known as The Great Circle (Diamond 2005: 167).
		The famous Maya Long Count calendar begins on August 11, 3114 B.C.--just as our own calendar begins on January 1 of the first year of the Christian era....Presumably, the Maya...attached some significance to their own day zero, but we don't know what it was.
	www.skepdic.com /maya.html (1600 words)

	Mayan Long Count
		Long counts inscribed on Mayan monuments consist of the cycles shown above, listed from top to bottom in descending order of length, each with a numerical coefficient specifying the number of each unit in the date.
		In articles where Long Count dates are given, you would see this date expressed in the shorthand notation 8.11.15.3.18.
		The Long Count was widely used in Mesoamerica in Classic and earlier times.
	www.hanksville.org /yucatan/longcount.html (241 words)

	Why 2012?
		Edmonson also states that the Long Count was begun by the Maya or pre-Maya around 355 B.C., but there is reason to believe that the Long Count system was being perfected for at least 200 years prior to that date.
		The later Maya certainly attributed much mythological significance to the beginning date, relating it to the birth of their deities, but it now seems certain that the placement of the Long Count hinges upon its calculated end point.
		December 21st, 2012 (13.0.0.0.0 in the Long Count) therefore represents an extremely close conjunction of the winter solstice sun with the crossing point of Galactic Equator and the ecliptic, what the ancient Maya recognized as the Sacred Tree.
	www.levity.com /eschaton/Why2012.html (4477 words)

	Calendars & The Long Count System
		The Maya maintained an accurate record of cycles of time based on the movements of the heavenly bodies, most notably Venus' orbit and the rising and passing of the Maya Tree- Origin of All Life- and the Universe, the Milky Way, where the Maya Lords lived.
		The Long Count (0.0.0.0.0) is usually followed by a day in the Sacred Round cycle (4 Ahau), also called the Tzolkin, and then by a day in the Civil or Haab Calendar (8 Cumku), also known as "Vague Year" cycle.
		For the Maya the moon number is a series of six, as the Maya had six different phases of the moon's rotation (called lunations), and not 4 like we have.
	www.tikalpark.com /calendar.htm (1441 words)

	2012 Ending of the Maya 'Fourth Age', Maya Sun Serpent
		Preparing for 2012 CE Winter solstice 2012 C.E. is the predicted ending of the Maya 'Fourth Age' of Creation which is a cycle of 5,200-years in the Maya 'Long Count' calendar.
		The Long Count calendar cannot be precisely connected to the Gregorian calendar and Maya Elders are unsure as to the precise timing of earth changing events
		This Maya message is not about the end of the world, however the way we as a race are abusing our planet, could lead to her relieving herself of humans on a massive scale in order to redress the imbalance.
	www.mayasunserpent.com /preparing.htm (521 words)

	mayan kids interactive
		The earliest known solar calendars are carved in stone.
		The Maya adopt the idea of a society ruled by nobles and kings.
		Maya highlands are under the domination of Teotihuacán The end of Maya culture and language begins in some parts of the region
	www.mayankids.com /timeline2.htm (443 words)

	The Twin Pyramid Complexes
		This group of buildings was built to celebrate the end of a 20-year period, called a Katun, in the Maya Long Count calendar.
		Maya rulers used these special days to remind their people and the gods of the great things they had done and the great events in the city's history.
		The Maya believed that communicating with their ancestors helped the family and the community.
	www.tikalpark.com /twin.htm (809 words)

	NOVA Online \| Teachers \| Classroom Activity \| Lost King of the Maya \| PBS
		In order to track time over a longer period, the Maya coordinated the Calendar Round with the Long Count, which is based on the number of days from a set point: the beginning date of the Fourth Creation (0.0.0.0.0), equivalent to August 13, 3114 B.C.E. in the modern calendar system.
		Scholars disagree on the precise correlation of the Gregorian and Maya calendars.
		For this activity, the correlation for the most recent day of Maya Long Count 0.0.0.0.0 is 584,283 days on the Gregorian calendar, thus the first day of the Maya Long Count would be the 584,284th day on the Gregorian calendar.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2804_maya.html (637 words)

	Response to Counterarguments / Appendix 5 to Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 by John Major Jenkins
		She addressed the importance the Maya applied to the date in A.D. 2012, and reiterated her viewpoint as found in A Forest of Kings (1990): "The Maya, however, did not conceive this to be the end of creation, as many have suggested" (82).
		Since all Long Count dates ever found were recorded with the assumption that 13.0.0.0.0, 4 Ahau 8 Cumku (August 11, 3114 B.C. according to the 584283 correlation) equals zero, the early Maya clearly understood a cycle of thirteen-baktuns to be the significant creation cycle.
		The people who put the Long Count system in place, some seven hundred years prior to the birth of Pacal, were apparently targeting the date in 2012 A.D. as one they thought would be an appropriate "end" of a great time-cycle of creation.
	edj.net /mc2012/app5.htm (2558 words)

	Prehispanic Calendars
		The correlation with the Gregorian calendar is due to Alfonso Caso.
		Finally, many other Mesoamerican cultures, notably the Olmecs who are credited with the invention of the Mesoamerican calendar, had adopted similar calendars as the Mayas and the Aztecs.
		Their calendar then presents 4 subdivisions of that period of 65 days (Cocijo) with smaller subdivisions of 13 days (Cocij) named according to the name of the first day.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~rjsalvad/scmfaq/calendar.html (442 words)

	Maya Cosmogenesis 2012: The True Meaning of the Maya Calendar End-Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In this groundbreaking book, Jenkins shows that the end date of the Maya long count calendar on December 21, 2012, marks the rare alignment of our solar system with the galactic center.
		The Maya Long Count calendar, a complex system for measuring time, was developed around 2000 years ago, possibly at the pre-Maya site of Izapa in southern Mexico.
		Jenkins, an independent researcher, presents a wealth of information about Maya astronomy, mythology, and caledrics in support of his analysis of the Long Count calendar end-date, scheduled to occur on December 21, 2012.
	www.verimall.com /book/bandn/astr0006.htm (279 words)

	Maya Links and Calculators
		MayaCal 1.2 is a calendar app for exploring the Maya, Julian and Gregorian calendars.
		PC software for Maya Calendar conversion which allows a variety of different kinds of conversion, and accommodates user settings for the correlation number, the yearbearer system and the haab month base number.
		Mesoamerican Calendars (Resonate) Another great site, with an introduction by Jenkins, loads on the correlation issue, with a reply from Arguelles over his Dreamspell count, which misses a day every leap year, unlike the Tzolkin count still used in Guatemala, which is unbroken.
	www.diagnosis2012.co.uk /mlink.htm (3417 words)

	Visit to the Yucatan and its major Maya archeological sites
		To best view the Maya sites and to plan the trip efficiently and at as low a cost as possible, we researched information on the Internet, pored over maps, and used a number of guide books.
		Since the major roads accessing Maya sites are relatively good, a rental car is a good way to cover more territory at your own pace.
		It will take a long time to go a few miles when you can only negotiate the hazards at 5 miles an hour or less.
	www.wohlmut.com /Maya (1615 words)

	Long Count Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Long Count Calendar represents a cycle of time that is approximately 5,125 years, ending with the 13th cycle (Bahaou).
		The Long Count Calendar date starts on August 11, 3114 B.C. although the calendar itself was not in existence until 2,100 years ago, when it was calculated and invented.
		In Chichen Itza, the ballcourt will be the central stadium, or front row seat of the planet, for watching this event transpire, and experiencing this transformation in December, 2012.
	www.mayamysteryschool.com /longcount.htm (304 words)

	Amazon.ca: Maya Cosmogenesis 2012: The True Meaning of the Maya Calendar End-Date: Books: John Major Jenkins,Terence ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Maya Cosmogenesis 2012 is an involving well-research and in-depth perspective on the evolution of the Mesoamerican calendar.
		According to the Mayan peoples, we are now living in "end time." Decoding the mythological explanation of their long-known "astronomical facts," Jenkins explains how the Galactic center at the central bulge of the Milky Way was understood by the ancients as the pregnant point in the heavens that gave birth to the world.
		Maybe some people are fooled into believing that his use of long, important sounding words give the writing a semblance of deep erudition.
	www.amazon.ca /Maya-Cosmogenesis-2012-Calendar-End-Date/dp/1879181487 (1513 words)

	Essay Depot - Maya
		Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions was deciphered and the dates correlated with the Christian calendar.
		Maya annals, the TOLTEC king Quetzalcoatl (Feathered Serpent) fled in 986 from Tula, Hidalgo, to Yucatan,
		Postclassic Maya screenfold manuscripts are known, and by sheer accident of survival, all are almanacs of
	www.essaydepot.com /essayme/272 (2819 words)

	2Near the Edge - Free Mayan Long Count Calendar Calculator
		The Mayan Long Count Calendar ends December 21, 2012.
		To assist you in the count down, we have programmed a Free Mayan Long Count Calculator for you.
		Maya Cosmogenesis 2012, Santa Fe: Bear & Company, Inc., 1998.
	www.2near.com /edge/maya (377 words)

	Amazon.com: The Hidden Maya: A New Understanding of Maya Glyphs: Books: Martin Brennan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The use of handsigns in art and sculpture is prevalent in many spiritual traditions, but the Maya were especially prolific in their use of handsigns or manographs in the glyphs decorating their artifacts.
		This detailed, well-illustrated journey into the hidden realms of the Maya is also testament to the intrinsic role of hand/finger manipulation in the evolution of the human brain and the development of civilization.
		Although Maya scribes clearly brought an accurate and detailed understanding of their world and culture to their art, the ubiquitous and painstakingly detailed deptictions of hands in both scenes and glyphs had always intrigued me. These could not possibly be an accident.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/187918124X?v=glance (1835 words)

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