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Topic: Mazandaran Sea

	Māzandarān Province - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mazandaran was part of the Persian province of Hyrcania.
		The Caspian Sea is to the north, the provinces of Tehran and Semnan provinces lie to the south.
		Mazandaran is mentioned frequently in Persian epic Shahnameh, it is an area in north of Iran which is mostly inhabited by Div (demons).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mazandaran (1326 words)

	sociology - Caspian Sea
		The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia).
		The Caspian Sea is bordered by Russia (Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces), Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan, with the central Asian steppes to the north and east.
		The sea is connected to the Sea of Azov by the Manych Canal.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Caspian_Sea (644 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Large lakes are occasionally referred to as "inland seas" and small seas are occasionally referred to as lakes.
		The shrinking Aral Sea is described as being "murdered" by the intended diversion of rivers feeding the lake for irrigation.
		Image:Caspian sea from namak abrood.jpgAn aerial view of the southern Caspian coast as viewed from atop the Alborz mountains in Mazandaran, Iran.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/lake (3382 words)

	Observations on prospects for further inland fisheries development in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mazandaran has some 13 000 ha, of which 40% are with permanent water, the rest drying out during the summer.
		The connection between the lagoon and the sea is of importance for free movement of fish.
		It is separated from the Caspian Sea by a wide strip of land and therefore it is not influenced by its waters.
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/S6312E/S6312E04.htm (7881 words)

	Geography of Iran: Names of the Caspian Sea
		The names of the sea have been derived from five roots, which also designate the tribes residing in the vicinity, the surrounding towns and port cities as well as a few equivalents of the word`Sea' in other dialects and others which have been used to refer to the waterway without any justification.
		The toponymy of the waterway in northern Iran comprises the names of continents, oceans, seas, lakes, countries, forests, mountains and deserts which are part of the history, geography, mythology, culture and customs of various nations and tribes.
		After the attack of Arabs on Iran and the rule of Saljuqids in the 5th century AH and the complete influence of Turkmens before Shah Ismail I took reign of Iran in early 10th century AH, western Caspian was always in turmoil.
	www.iranchamber.com /geography/articles/names_of_caspian_sea.php (1624 words)

	Iran determined to eradicate Caspian Sea pest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The comb jellyfish newly introduced into the Caspian Sea which feeds on the food resources of the kilka fish, the director of the Research Institute of Iran’s Fisheries Company said on Sunday.
		It was introduced to the ecosystem of the sea through the water balance of commuting vessels, the Persian service of Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) quoted him as saying.
		The kilka catches of the Caspian Sea varieties targeted by the Third Five-Year Socioeconomic Development Plan was to hit something between 90,000 and 95,000 tons but, the figure has plummeted to about 20,000 to 25,000 tons now, he further explained.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=338243 (291 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Caspian Sea
		The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume, with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,244 mi²) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,761 mi³).
		A key problem is the status of the Caspian Sea and the establishment of the water boundaries among the five littoral countries.
		There are three major issues regulated by the Caspian Sea status: access to mineral resources (oil and natural gas), access for fishing and access to international waters (through Russia's Volga river and the canals connecting it to the Black Sea and Baltic Sea).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Caspian_Sea (1774 words)

	Green Party of Iran - News
		Esmaili further remarked that cooperation and coordination among the littoral states for exploitation of the caspian resources should take into consideration the ecological diversity and standards for preserving those species of aquatics which are on the verge of extinction.
		He said despite the high risk threatening the ecosystem of the sea, efforts should be made to survive the marine life by protecting costal rivers against pollutants within the country.
		Behrouz Abtahi, an ichthyologist of the Caspian, said that in addition to the oil and industrial pollution, uncontrolled construction of dams and bridges in the past few decades has also aggravated pollution to the extent that special species of fish such as sturgeon, is threatened by extinction.
	www.iran-e-sabz.org /news/caspian4.htm (512 words)

	Mazandaran Province (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Due to permanent breeze of the sea and local winds in southern and eastern coasts of the Caspian Sea, there have been formed sandy hills that have caused the appearance of a low natural barrier between the sea and plain.
		The nature of Mazandaran province is under the influence of geographical latitude, Albroz heights, elevation from sea level, distance from the sea, southern wildernesses of Turkmenistan, local and regional wind currents, and diverse vegetation cover.
		The Caspian Sea, rivers, waterfalls, springs and hydrotherapy centers, recreational areas, luxuriant forest and lush vegetation, protected regions, lofty mountains, caves, and..are amongst the attractions of this province.
	www.iccim.org /English/Iran/mazandaran (2355 words)

	Gilan Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There are in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, dense forests of different species, forest parks, sandy beaches, clean waters, and several large and small rivers, that totally have created a beautiful and eye-catching natural landscape.
		Summary: The regional plan for the development of Gilan and Mazandaran is one of the first structural plans covering the region which has been prepared to incorporate precise data about the present condition of these two provinces and outline the prospect for their development.
		Moreover, Gilan and Mazandaran are prone to earthquakes, and the tremor belt extends from Gonbade Kavous in the east to Noor and from Tonekabon to Hashtpar.
	www.iranparadise.com /iran-travel/Gilan-Iran.htm (1992 words)

	LABORATORY STUDIES ON BEROE OVATA AND MNEMIOPSIS LEIDYI IN CASPIAN SEA WATER
		The Mnemiopsis-predator Beroe was transported from Turkish Seas to Mazandaran, Iran to evaluate its feasibility to use in combatting Mnemiopsis problem in the Caspian Sea.
		Sea water filtered through a 30 micron mesh was added into the sample to have the total volume 1000 ml.
		Invasion of Caspian Sea by the comb jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora).
	www.caspianenvironment.org /mnemiopsis/mnemmenu6.htm (4038 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Mazandaran
		Mazandaran MAZANDARAN [Mazandaran] or Mazanderan, province (1991 pop.
		It is the trade center for a farm region where citrus fruit, cotton, rice, and sugarcane are grown.
		33,338), Mazandaran prov., N Iran, on the Caspian Sea.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Mazandaran (347 words)

	The name of the Caspian Sea
		One of the interesting characteristics of the Caspian Sea is the variety of names it has been given in the course of history.
		The oldest name in Iran was ‘Hyrcana’ and some of the others are: the Sea of Mazandaran, the Sea of Abescoon, the Sea of Tabarestan, the sea of Khorasan, the Sea of Argania, the Sea of Ghazvin, the Sea of Deelam, the Sea of Gorgan, the Sea of Sarri, and the Sea of Khazar.
		I think it is better for Iranians to call the Caspian Sea as “Mazandaran” or “Gilan and Mazandaran Sea.” This has nothing to do with other names that locally or nationally it is called by others, including “ Caspian Sea” which is a customary name for this body of water in the Latin languages.
	www.payvand.com /news/02/may/1103.html (684 words)

	Freshwater Fishes of Iran, Introduction - Drainage Basins - Caspian Sea
		Fall in the sea level increases salinity, destroys habitat and blocks spawning migrations, although some effects are less in the southern, Iranian Caspian because of the larger water mass.
		Phytoplankton diversity in the western Caspian Sea fell from 74 to 40 species, biomass from 8.7 to 2.1 g/ sq m and biomass of benthic organisms in coastal areas fell from 1724 g/ sq m in 1961 to 21 g/sq m in 1969 (Clark, 1986).
		Warm, dense and saline sea water is able to penetrate up these effluent rivers, which generally have low flow because of water abstraction and seasonally low precipitation, because of the rise in sea level since 1977.
	www.briancoad.com /introduction/caspianseabasin.htm (12233 words)

	Names of the Caspian Sea - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)©
		The names of the sea have been derived from five roots, which also designate the tribes residing in the vicinity, the surrounding towns and port cities as well as a few equivalents of the word `Sea' in other dialects and others which have been used to refer to the waterway without any
		Among all such historical names, the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea are chosen to be examined from various aspects.
		Arabs call it Bahr-e Qazvin (Qazvin Sea) or Caspian, while the Turks, Europeans and other nations refer to it as the Caspian Sea.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Geography/Caspian_Sea_Names.htm (1649 words)

	French and Canadians to Explore Iran's Mazandaran Caves - Persian Journal Culture Archaeological History Art ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mazandaran province, in the southern coastal line of the Caspian Sea, enjoys several unique caves such as Kushiman.
		Mazandaran is one of the most historical provinces of Iran, the inhabitants of which have lived in urbanized societies from the 5th millennium BC.
		Mazandaran caves including Kumishan, Kamarband, and Hoto are the most important historical caves of the country, in which some evidence of cave dwelling human beings have been discovered.
	www.iranian.ws /iran_news/publish/article_11105.shtml (556 words)

	NORTHERN IRAN SIGHTS at Best Iran Travel.com
		The two provinces of Mazandaran and Gilan in North have forests, mountains, and a coastal plain.
		They are between the Alborz Mountain and the southernmost shores of Caspian Sea so can go to the beach and skiing on the same day.
		The Caspian Sea is the biggest lake in the world and contains 44% of all the world's lake water.
	www.bestirantravel.com /sights/northern_iran/northern_iran.html (183 words)

	Caspian Sturgeon Fish, Lowest In Sea's History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		LONDON - The sturgeon fish resources in the Caspian Sea is at its lowest level all throughout the history of the world?s largest lake, noted director of the International Sturgeon Research Institute of Iran, Mohammad Purkazemi, MNA reported.
		The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe.
		The sea is home to 87 species of microphytes and many species of green algae.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/caspian2006.html (315 words)

	Intercaspian: Photo collection from Mazandaran
		The city is divided by the Babol river into eastern and western sections and has a beautiful fishing port and recreational areas on the banks of the river.
		On the west coast of the Mazandaran province, surrounded by orange orchards, Ramsar is a seaside resort built on a narrow land strip.
		It is by far the most scenic and prestigious resort town on the Caspian Sea shore, known for its natural hot spring baths and pebble beaches.
	www.intercaspian.com /photobank/ir/mazandaran/pb_mazandaran1.html (390 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Opinion, Diplomatic History of the Caspian Sea, Guive Mirfendereski
		Most Iranians are far more familiar with the Caspian Sea than with the Persian Gulf, yet the body of water that bears Iran's old name has been the object of far more scholarly attention than the big lake in the north that Iranians call the Khazar Sea or, less often, the Sea of Mazandaran.
		The dissymetry was only mitigated by the fact that the sea is deeper on the Iranian side in the south, making Iranian waters home to species of sturgeon that produce a higher quality roe than the ones found farther to the north: sophisticated palates prefer Persian to Russian caviar.
		But the southern coasts were for Iranians to enjoy, and in the 1960s Darya (Sea) became synonymous with the Caspian, as improved communications by land and by air turned the beaches and coastal areas of the once isolated provinces into a playground for the new middle class.
	www.iranian.com /Books/2001/July/Caspian/index.html (1221 words)

	Iran determined to eradicate Caspian Sea pest Mnemiopsis Leidyi
		The presence of the non-indigenous pest was first detected in the Caspian Sea in the year 2000.
		The presence of the Mnemiopsis Leidyi in the Caspian Sea in 1995 has resulted in a 25 percent decline in kilka resources of the sea.
		The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is the world's largest inland body of water and is home to 87 species of microphytes and many species of green algae.
	www.payvand.com /news/06/jun/1110.html (354 words)

	Green Front of Iran
		Caspian Sea, this largest lake of the world is located on the north of Iran and is part of our civilization and natural assets.
		Due to careless over-consumption of the resources of this sea, it is now suffering form severe pollution and its contents of living creatures is decreasing and if it continues like that regional countries will get into unrecoverable disastrous situation.
		We are proud to declare that we are coordinating the cleaning operation between 33 spots in the 3 coastal provinces of Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan.
	www.greenfront.org /E_CaspianSea.asp (331 words)

	Oil and Iran : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		At the present time, Iran maintains the most isolated position among the Caspian Sea's littoral states on the division of the Sea.
		As such, Iran is insisting that either the Sea should be used in common, or its floor and water basin should be divided into equal (20%) shares.
		Under this plan, the so-called "condominium" approach, the development of the Caspian Sea would be undertaken jointly by all of the littoral states.
	sf.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=1615650 (775 words)

	JRL #6254 - Impoverished Russia, Pact Criticism, Nuclear Tests, Patriarch, Caspian, Kaiser/ Sakharov, Cottrell/ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mazandaran is an Iranian province bordering on the sea.
		"The Caspian Sea is a lake which belongs to the five coastal countries and using its resources should be based on the agreements and understanding of those five countries," Khatami said.
		The Caspian is still governed by a 1970 agreement between Iran and the Soviet Union that became outdated in 1991 when the Union collapsed and three former Soviet republics - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan - appeared as new coastal states along with Russia.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6254.htm (10808 words)

	400,000-year-old stone tools discovered in Mazandaran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		TEHRAN, June 8 (MNA) -- Recent discoveries by a team of archaeologists indicate that the coast of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran Province was home to the earliest hominid habitation in that region.
		Archaeologist Ali Mahforuzi said on Wednesday that 400,000-year-old stone tools discovered in the valleys of Shuresh near the Rostam Kola, Huto, and Kamarband caves are the oldest ever found in the area.
		“The recent studies conducted by a joint team of archaeologists from the Mazandaran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department and archaeologists from the Mazandaran National Museum led to the discovery of several stone tools.
	www.mehrnews.ir /en/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=192883 (178 words)

	North of Iran (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Near the Caspian sea, there are two provinces called Gilan and Mazandaran covered with beautiful forests and cities with clean air and beautiful hotels, motels and suites for tourists, to relax and enjoy the beauty of the nature, forests, mountains and the Caspian sea.
		In general, Mazandaran has a moderate and humid climate known as "the moderate Caspian climate." The effective factors behind such a climate are: Alborz mountain range, direction of the mountains, height of the area, neighborhood to the sea, vegetation surface, local winds, altitude and weather fronts.
		It's a cool 1050m (3444ft) above sea level and, formed by several irregular levels of terraced cream houses, appears to have grown out of its surroundings.
	www.farhangsara.com /north_of_iran.htm (399 words)

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