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Topic: Mbira dzavadzimu

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	Mbira
		Zimbabwe's mbira dzavadzimu consists of 22 to 28 carefully shaped and sized metal keys (lamellae) mounted on a hardwood soundboard (gwariva) that acts as a first level amplifier.
		Mbira is used to chase away harmful spirits and to cure illnesses with or without a n'anga (traditional diviner/herbalist).
		Mbira is included in celebrations of all kinds, including weddings, installation of new chiefs, and death ceremonies, including the guva ceremony, approximately one year after a person's physical death, in which mbira is used to welcome that individual's spirit back to the community..
	www.ashokaedu.net /mbira/mbira.htm (1250 words)

	Mbira dzavadzimu
		The mbira dzavadzimu is a musical instrument popular among the Shona[?] of Zimbabwe for at least 1,000 years.
		From 22 to 28 strips of forged metal of varying lengths are affixed to a hardwood soundboard[?] and the whole piece is usually placed inside a large resonator[?] made of a calabash[?] (called the deze) to amplify the sound.
		Interest in the mbira has increased in the west and some musicians are experimenting with the sound, rhythm and modes of the instrument.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mb/Mbira_dzavadzimu.html (422 words)

	Mbira - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mbira is usually classified as part of the lamellaphone family.
		The mbira dzavadzimu is constructed from 22 to 28 strips of cold or hot forged metal of varying lengths affixed to a hardwood gwariva or soundboard.
		The Mbira Dza Vadzimu is very significant in Shona religion and culture, the national instrument of Zimbabwe, and is considered sacred.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mbira_dzavadzimu (2025 words)

	presspage_explorer
		The mbira dzavadzimu is constructed with 22 to 24 steel keys mounted on a bridge over a hardwood soundboard that are played with the thumbs (plucking downward) and right index finger (plucking upward).
		The mbira dzavadzimu is an important ritual instrument, and its repertory of as many as 100 pieces has been passed down orally from one generation to the next.
		While the mbira dzavadzimu may be played as a solo instrument, it is most often used in small ensembles that include two or more mbira players, a hosho (gourd rattle) player, and one or more singers â“ frequently the mbira players themselves.
	www.nonesuch.com /Hi_Band/press_explor2.cfm?albumid=477 (474 words)

	Mbira dzavadzimu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The mbira dzavadzimu is a musical instrument popular among the Shona of Zimbabwe for at least 1,000 years.
		Interest in the mbira has increased in the west and some musicians are experimenting with the sound, rhythm and modes of the instrument.
		Groups of western mbira players have developed their own fusion style of playing, that is neither totally African nor completely western.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/m/mb/mbira_dzavadzimu.html (435 words)

	Mbira: National Geographic World Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are several types of mbira, but the most popular is the mbira dzavadzimu, meaning literally "mbira of the ancestor spirits," a reference to the instrument's traditional use and function in religious ceremonies.
		Zimbabwe's mbiras—such as mbira dzavadzimu, njari, matepe and the smaller karimba—are part of a larger family of African lamellophones that includes the Congolese likembe and sanza, the Tanzanian ilimba, the kalimba and a variety of other variants.
		Because mbira players are considered to be hearing the sound of the mbira continuously, when the kushaura musician begins to play there is no fixed point in the cycle to be considered as the "beginning." The player is merely joining in with the music already being heard.
	worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com /worldmusic/view/page.basic/genre/content.genre/mbira_754 (1523 words)

	Mbira - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The mbira dzavadzimu is constructed from 22 to 28 strips of forged or hammered metal of varying lengths affixed to a hardwood soundboard.
		The mbira is often placed inside a deze, a large resonator made from a calabash, to amplify its sound.
		The tuning of an mbira varies from mbira to mbira, both in the absolute tones as well as in the intervals of the scale.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Sanza (1085 words)

	Mbira and Shona Spirituality
		Of the different instruments in the mbira family, the most sacred and revered instrument is the 22-key Mbira dzaVadzimu or mbira of the ancestral spirits.
		It is during such a ceremony that ancestral spirits listen to the concerns of their living family members as well as impart to them the wisdom, advice, forgotten family customs and protocol to ensure a healthy and successful family or community.
		The resonator gourd or deze, into which the mbira is mounted and propped as a second level amplifier is a special type of dried squash, called Nhangatanga or the first squash, which is a source of food.
	www.zambuko.com /mbirapage/resource_guide/pages/music/mbira_shona_spirit.html (891 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The mbira, pronounced (mmm-bee-rah), was conceptualized by the Shona people of Zimbabwe, who refer to it as mbira dzavadzimu, or "mbira of our ancestors".
		The mbira is placed inside a gourd amplifier, or 'deze' and usually accompanied by seed-filled shakers, called 'hosho.' The keys of the mbira, which typically number anywhere from 22 to 29, are made by hand, pounded one-by-one from steel on an anvil.
		Sometimes the mbira is put inside a big gourd, called a "deze" which amplifies the sound considerably.
	www.mahea.com /calabash/Mbira.html (315 words)

	presspage_explorer
		Mbira music is one of the most ancient and popular forms of music found throughout fl Africa.
		The mbira has always been essential to traditional Shona culture and its players held in high esteem, providing music not only for entertainment but also for the most important occasions, ranging from the coronation of chiefs to religious ceremonies.
		Today, while mbira players are professionals by the nature of their commitment and skill, they often have to supplement their income through other vocations.
	www.nonesuch.com /Hi_Band/press_explor2.cfm?albumid=318 (421 words)

	Shona music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are several different varieties of Mbira including the Mbira Dzavadzimu and Mbira Nyunga Nyunga.
		The performer of the mbira often acts also as the lead vocalist, selecting a known melody or mbira pattern to accompany selected lyrics, usually a phrase or a few lines of text which are then commented upon improvisationally.
		The mbira player is accompanied by another less active singer who plays the hosho (a rattle) and responds to the improvised lyrics of the singer and most importantly embellishes and fills-in the lead vocal melody.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shona_music (527 words)

	Mbira dzavadzimu
		The mbira dzavadzimu is a musical instrument popular among the Shona of Zimbabwe for at least 1,000 years.
		The mbira is sometimes referred to as a thumb piano because of the way the instrument is played.
		Interest in the mbira has increased in the west and some musicians are experimenting with the sound, rhythm and modes of the instrument.
	www.infoweb.co.nz /research/music/instruments/strings/mbira-dzavadzimu (422 words)

	HumanSongs.com - Chris Berry and Rujeko Dumbutshena
		Chris speaks fluent Shona and is respected as a drummer, vocalist, and mbira player, with songs that have gone to #1 on the Zimbabwean charts.
		All of the songs on this recording are based upon and inspired by the ancient songs of the Mbira Dzavadzimu, a sacred instrument of the Shona people of Zimbabwe.
		The Music was arranged and composed for the all-acoustic Marimba Orchestra by combining the melodic structure of the ancient Mbira songs with central and west African rhythmical elements.
	www.humansongs.com /chrisberry.htm (415 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Shona music
		There are several different types of traditional Shona music including mbira, singing, hosho and drumming.
		Mbira Dzavadzimu in deze (top), Mbira Nyunga Nyunga (bottom), Hosho (bottom left).
		Harry Belafonte singing, photograph by C. van Vechten Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with speech.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Shona-music (359 words)

	Music of Zimbabwe featured in mbira concert
		The performers represent the respected elder generation of mbira players in Zimbabwe and are known as the Mbira Masters of Zimbabwe -- Cosmas Magaya and Beauler Dyoko -- together with ethnomusicologist Paul Berliner.
		The free end of the keys are stroked and plucked with the thumbs and one forefinger to produce ringing, polyrhythmic tapestries that accompany stories, songs and dance.
		Magaya is an internationally recognized master of the mbira dzaVadzimu.
	www.denison.edu /publicaffairs/pressreleases/mbira_11-06.html (372 words)

	Mbira (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The mbira is a simple board with three rows of keys attached to it, often a few bottle caps as rattles and distinguished by a hole in the bottom right corner to hold the instrument with.
		The mbira is usually wedged inside a large gourd resonator called a deze, and held in place with two small sticks.
		The most common type of mbira is the Mbira dzavadzimu with usually 22 or 23 keys.
	www.asza.com /imbira.shtml (199 words)

	Informat.io on Mbira Dzavadzimu
		The mbira dzavadzimu is constructed from 22 to 28 strips of forged or hammered metal of varying lengths affixed to a hardwood soundboard.
		The soundboard has a hole in the bottom right corner through which the little finger of the right hand is placed while playing to allow the right index finger to pluck the high notes from underneath the keys.
		The mbira is very significant in Shona religion and culture, and is considered a sacred instrument.
	www.quaest.io /?title=mbira-dzavadzimu (1893 words)

	Mbira at AllExperts
		In African music, the mbira (also known as Likembe, Mbila, Thumb Piano, Mbira Huru, Mbira Njari, Mbira Nyunga Nyunga, Karimba or Kalimba) is a musical instrument consisting of a wooden board to which staggered metal keys have been attached.
		In Shona music, the mbira dza vadzimu (or mbira of the ancestor spirits) is a musical instrument that has been used by the Shona people of Zimbabwe for thousands of years, going all the way back to one of the Mhondoro or Great Spirit Mediums, Chaminuka.
		The mbira is very significant in Shona religion and culture, and is considered a sacred instrument.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/mb/mbira.htm (2068 words)

	Zimbabwe Music Guide
		The mbira dzavadzimu, or the mbira "of our ancestors", is used by the Zezuru group of the Shona people of Zimbabwe.
		The dzavadzimu is comprised of 22 to 26 metal keys fastened to a hardwood soundboard.
		Despite having its roots in Western Mozambique, the mbira nyunga nyunga is similar to the mbira dzavadzimu.
	www.embargo.ca /zim/info/p1-inst.htm (373 words)

	Yeshe Mbira African Music World Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The purifying, healing sound of mbira, which for a thousand years has been a sacred mystical music of the Shona people, is used in Zimbabwe to induce spirit possession trances, in traditional healing practices, for personal meditation, and in celebrations.
		Mbira is required to bring rain during drought, stop rain during floods, and bring clouds when crops are burned by the sun.
		Mbira is also required at death ceremonies, and is played for a week following a chief's death before the community is informed of his passing.
	www.yeshemusic.com /mbira.htm (1224 words)

	Mbira
		The mbira can be classified as a lamellaphone (after the tongues or tines) and has its origins in Africa.
		The mbira can be found throughout Africa with a number of different names, such as sanzhi, likembe, kalimba, sansa, ilimba and thumb piano but its construction is always fundamentally the same.
		Although the mbira can be found in different shapes and sizes across the country, the most traditional one is the mbira dzavadzimu (vadzimu means ancestors, the mbira of the ancestors).
	www.pnc.com.au /~helix/posters/mbira.htm (392 words)

	Mushawaparara Mbira Group
		The Dovapasi or Nhovapasi Mbira is primarily a punctuation Mbira.
		In the absence of the Hosho, the Mbira is naked.
		Mbira vocals are basically freestyle, and as such it is not uncommon to see that one song could carry two, three, or more styles of vocals being blended together.
	www.mushawaparara.netfirms.com (6675 words)

	2002 Zimbabwean Music Festival: Mbira Workshops
		Mbira workshops are for mbira dzavadzimu unless specified.
		We will also discuss the history of mbira and how it models the Shona way of life: as all social relationships are bonded and regulated through music, a personal relationship is created between player and mbira.
		Prerequisite: Participants must have played mbira for at least 5 years and be familiar and comfortable with playing kutsinhira parts whose bass notes emphasize the off-beat of the hosho pattern.
	www.zimfest.org /2002/mbira.html (715 words)

	Untitled Document
		The mbira (mm-bee-ra) is a musical instrument of ancient African origin with rows of hand-forged, tuned, metal keys bound to a wooden soundboard.
		During performance, the mbira is pinned inside a large hollowed-out gourd (deze), which enriches the tone and serves as an amplifier.
		Cosmas has been an avid student and player of mbira dzaVadzimu from the time he was eight, when he 'pinched' his cousin's instrument for surreptitious study.
	www2.taconic.net /scarduner/mbiras.htm (492 words)

	Artist Profiles - Ephat Mujuru
		"When the mbira is played, it brings the two worlds together," he says, "the world of our ancestors and the world of today." The ancestors are at the core of Shona religion; living spirits that people turn to for counsel in matters great and small.
		As a child, Ephat was raised and taught to play mbira by his grandfather, Muchatera Mujuru, a medium for perhaps the most important figure in Shona ancestor cosmology, the prophet Chaminuka.
		Mbira makers often attach shells or bottle caps to the mbira's tin shield to produce a resonating buzz that compliments the chiming character of the notes.
	www.musicoftheworld.com /profile_ephat.html (1144 words)

	((( the open project ))) -- Garikai Tirikoti -- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		By the age of 7 he was already a well regarded performer at Biras (all-night ceremonies in which mbiras are played to call upon the spirits for healing, help, or guidance).
		Mbira music has been used by the Shona people of Zimbabwe to heal physical and mental illness for more than a millennium.
		The purifying, healing sound of mbira, which for a thousand years has been a sacred mystical music of the Shona people, is used in Zimbabwe to induce spirit possession trances, in traditional healing practices, for personal meditation, and in celebrations.
	www.theopenproject.net /garikai.htm (233 words)

	N. Scott Robinson-World Music and Percussion, Frame Drums, Riq, Tambourines
		Mbira are made from an assortment of materials, such as wood, metal gas and insecticide cans, gourds and coconut shells, and in a great variety of sizes, shapes and types, and they exist as acoustic or electric instruments.
		A Western innovation is the purely electric mbira (the "e.mbira"), made by Lucinda Ellison (and also those made by David Bellinger), which is constructed in a similar fashion to the solid-body electric guitar, with internal pickups under the bridge and a jack to plug into an amplifier.
		The mbira can be played melodically by plucking out a melody on the keys, or in a rhythmic fashion by plucking a pattern on one side of the keyboard while a pattern that fills in between the first is plucked on the other side.
	www.nscottrobinson.com /mbira.php (4426 words)

	Artist Profiles - Ephat Mujuru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		"When the mbira is played, it brings the two worlds together," he says, "the world of our ancestors and the world of today." The ancestors are at the core of Shona religion; living spirits that people turn to for counsel in matters great and small.
		As a child, Ephat was raised and taught to play mbira by his grandfather, Muchatera Mujuru, a medium for perhaps the most important figure in Shona ancestor cosmology, the prophet Chaminuka.
		Mbira makers often attach shells or bottle caps to the mbira's tin shield to produce a resonating buzz that compliments the chiming character of the notes.
	www.rootsworld.com /rw/motw/profile_ephat.html (1144 words)

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